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Biomedical subjects

A Jaiswal

Publications and source records attributed to A Jaiswal.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

TB control, poverty, and vulnerability in Delhi, India.

The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), based on the World Health Organization's DOTS strategy,* was introduced in India in the mid-1990s. This paper reports the findings from operational research studies in two pilot sites in New Delhi from 1996 to 1998. A variety of operational research methods were used, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, non-participant observations and collection of data from the tuberculosis registers. The cure rates for the clinics were 71 and 75% with a default rate of 6 and 11%, respectively. An important finding was that health workers screened patients to determine their ability to conform to the direct observation of treatment element of the RNTCP. If the health worker was confident that the patient would comply and/or be easy to trace in the community in the event of 'default', they were provided with short-course treatment under the RNTCP. Other patients, largely those who were in absolute poverty, socially marginalized, itinerant labourers, poorly integrated in the city, were put on standard tuberculosis (TB) treatment as for the previous National TB Programme. The programme was evidently excluding the most vulnerable from the best available care. These findings demonstrate the potential dangers of target-driven programmes where there is an absence of support to both frontline health workers and patients. The paper also highlights the importance of operations research in helping to identify problems within TB programmes.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1995

SHV-7, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, identified in Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized nursing home patients.

Four ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli strains were isolated from elderly nursing home patients in a New York hospital during 1993. Strains MCQ-2, MCQ-3, and MCQ-4 were determined to be identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid profiles, whereas strain MCQ-1 was unique. Strain MCQ-1 was determined to produce a TEM-10 beta-lactamase. Strains MCQ-2, MCQ-3, and MCQ-4 were also noted to be resistant to cefotaxime. These three strains produced two beta-lactamases with pIs of 5.4 (TEM-1) and 7.6. beta-Lactamase assays revealed that the pI 7.6 enzyme hydrolyzed cefotaxime faster (at a relative hydrolysis rate of 30% compared with that of benzylpenicillin) than either ceftazidime or aztreonam (relative hydrolysis rates of 13 and 3.3%, respectively). Nucleotide sequencing of the gene encoding the pI 7.6 beta-lactamase from strain MCQ-3 revealed a blaSHV-type gene differing from the gene encoding SHV-1 at four nucleotides which resulted in amino acid substitutions: phenylalanine for isoleucine at position 8, serine for arginine at position 43, serine for glycine at position 238, and lysine for glutamate at position 240. This novel SHV-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase is designated SHV-7.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

In vivo effect of cyanate on serum and eye lens in rat.

Supplementation of cyanate in rats caused a significant decrease in serum GSH and increase in calcium and phosphate level both in serum and lens. Consequently, these changes led to induce acidosis uremia in serum and hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in lens which may be possible causing factor for cataract.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiotensin converting enzyme in the testis and epididymis of mammals.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been reported in testis and epididymis of seven different animal species. Among all the species, the mouse testis and epididymis showed the highest converting enzyme activity followed by rat testis and epididymis. The lowest activity was detected in buffalo testis and rabbit epididymis. Most of the testicular enzyme was found concentrated in the 107,00 X g sediment while the epididymal enzyme was equally distributed between sediment and supernatant. ACE levels of different regions of the rat testis and epididymis was analyzed. The gradient of ACE was found increasing from caput to cauda. A major fraction of testicular and epididymal ACE activity was found in their respective fluid. ACE appeared only in mature rats, rabbits and mice testis and epididymis. Sexually stimulated rabbits showed significant ACE increase in the testis. In vitro characterization studies were conducted.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clindamycin in the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess.

A case of anaerobic lung abscess who had treatment failure after 4 weeks of supervised parenteral penicillin and oral metronidazole is described. Anaerobic pathogens resistant to one or the other of the above drugs were isolated. The patient had a striking clinical response to subsequent therapy with oral clindamycin. Failure of therapy should alert physicians to the possibility of infection with resistant anaerobic pathogens and in such situations, clindamycin is considered as an effective alternative.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amoebic liver abscess rupturing into the chest: ultrasonographic appearance.

Two cases of amoebic liver abscess perforating into chest are reported. Both patients were males in their twenties. They presented with right upper quadrant pain in abdomen in one case and right lower chest pain in second case. Ultrasonography demonstrated hypoechoic liver abscess in superior subdiaphragmatic part of the right lobe of liver, with communication through a hole in the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity in both the cases. Both these cases were diagnosed as cases of amoebic liver abscess perforated into chest on the basis of ultrasonographic findings and both of them showed good response to specific antiamoebic therapy.

Adult↗