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Biomedical subjects

A Jain

Publications and source records attributed to A Jain.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison of coronary angiography and early oral dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

We evaluated 50 consecutive patients who received thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction using thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography in combination with oral dipyridamole (300 mg) to assess the frequency of residual myocardial ischemia. Thallium studies were performed early after myocardial infarction at a mean of 4.6 days (range 3 to 11) in 50 patients. The time from the onset of chest pain to the administration of thrombolytic therapy was 2.6 hours (range 0.5 to 5.5). Q wave myocardial infarction was evident in 46 patients; four patients had a non-Q wave infarction (anterior infarction in 31 patients and inferior infarction in 19 patients). The serum mean peak creatinine kinase was 1503 IU/L (range 127 to 6500). Coronary angiography was performed in all patients at a mean of 3.1 days (range 2 to 10) and revealed the infarct-related vessel to be patent in 36 patients (72%). The ejection fraction was 48% (range 26% to 67%). After dipyridamole administration, 13 patients (26%) developed angina that was easily reversed with the administration of intravenous aminophylline. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 122 to 115 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and the heart rate increased from 76 to 85 beats/min (p less than 0.05). None of the patients had significant hypotension, arrhythmias, or evidence of infarct extension. Perfusion abnormalities were present on the initial thallium images in 48 patients. Redistribution suggestive of ischemia was present in 36 patients (72%). Ischemia confined to the vascular distribution of the infarct vessel was evident in 22 patients. Seven patients had ischemia in the infarct zone as well as in a remote myocardial segment. Thus 29 patients (58%) had ischemia in the distribution of the infarct vessel. Ischemia in the infarct zone was evident in 19 of 36 patients (53%) with open infarct vessels and in 10 of 14 patients (71%) with occluded infarct vessels. In conclusion, thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography using oral dipyridamole was safely performed in patients with recent myocardial infarctions who receive thrombolytic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lack of specificity of new negative U waves for anterior myocardial ischemia as evidenced by intracoronary electrogram during balloon angioplasty.

Negative U waves on the surface electrocardiogram are reported to be a specific marker of myocardial disease. In the setting of ischemia, they correlate with stenosis of the left main and left anterior descending coronary arteries. To determine whether U wave changes are unique for anterior ischemia, the development of new U waves on the intracoronary electrogram was correlated with the location and magnitude of ischemia during coronary balloon angioplasty. Recordings were obtained during dilation of 43 vessels in 37 patients. New negative U waves developed during dilation of 12 vessels (7 of the left anterior descending, 4 of the left circumflex and 1 of the right coronary artery). New positive U waves developed during dilation of 18 vessels (12 of the left anterior descending, 3 of the left circumflex and 3 of the right coronary artery). The magnitude of ST segment change was 10.9 +/- 6.7 mm in the presence of a new U wave but only 3.4 +/- 2.8 mm in the absence of a new U wave (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that 1) negative U waves on the intracoronary electrogram are not specific for anterior ischemia; 2) new positive U waves on the intracoronary electrogram are as sensitive as new negative U waves for acute ischemia; 3) the development of a new positive or negative U wave is associated with the magnitude of myocardial ischemia; and 4) the recording of U waves may be related to the proximity of the recording leads to the location of ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Glutathione is required for intestinal function.

Glutathione (GSH) deficiency produced in mice by giving buthionine sulfoximine leads to severe degeneration of the epithelial cells of the jejunum and colon. This is prevented by giving GSH monoester (orally or i.p.) and also by giving GSH (orally, but not i.p.). The i.p. administration leads to high plasma levels of GSH but does not appreciably increase GSH levels in intestinal mucosa or pancreas. These and previous studies on lens, lung, lymphocytes, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle indicate that there is very little, if any, transport of intact GSH from plasma to these tissues. Cells can use extracellular GSH by a pathway involving its cleavage, uptake of products and intracellular GSH synthesis. Epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract may use this pathway and can also take up lumenal GSH (which arises partly from the bile) by a mechanism(s) that may involve transport of dipeptides or of GSH. It is suggested that biliary GSH normally functions in the protection of intestinal mucosa. Administration of GSH may be protective of the gastrointestinal epithelium and may also serve as a good source of cysteine moieties for intracellular GSH synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract and in other tissues. Administration of GSH delivery agents such as GSH esters is more effective than administration of GSH in increasing cellular and mitochondrial levels of GSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections in children in north India.

Two hundred and thirty children clinically diagnosed as suffering from acute respiratory infection were tested for four major groups of viral aetiological agents, i.e. influenza para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenoviruses using indirect immunofluorescence technique. At least one of the respiratory viruses was identified in 51 (22 per cent) specimens, which included influenza A in 6 (3 per cent), influenza B in 3 (1 per cent), para-influenza type 1 in 3 (1 per cent), para-influenza type 3 in 13 (6 per cent), RSV in 11 (5 per cent) adenovirus in 12 (5 per cent), and dual virus infections in 3 (1 per cent) cases. Maximum number of virus identification was noted in children below 1 year of age, particularly infection with RSV followed by para-influenza and adenoviruses. Value of rapid diagnosis by indirect immunofluorescence technique is stressed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Liver, kidney, and thoracic organ transplantation under FK 506.

The new immunosuppressive drug FK 506 was used from the outset with low doses of prednisone to treat 120 recipients of primary liver grafts and 20 more patients undergoing liver retransplantation. The patient survival rate after 2 to 8 months in the primary liver transplantation series is 93.3%, with original graft survival of 87.5%. Of the 20 patients in the hepatic retransplant series, 17 (85%) are living. Almost all of the surviving patients have good liver function. In addition 11 hearts, 2 double lungs, and a heart-lung have been transplanted under FK 506, with survival of all 14 patients. With all of the organ systems so far tested, including the kidney (which has been reported elsewhere), rejection usually has been controlled without additional drugs and with lower average steroid doses than in the past. Nephrotoxicity has been observed, but not to an alarming degree, and there has been a notable absence of hypertension. There is a suggestion that serum cholesterol may be lowered by FK 506, but this is unproved. Although the adverse reactions of FK 506 and the immunosuppressive mechanisms resemble those of cyclosporine, our preliminary observations suggest that FK 506 may have a more advantageous therapeutic index.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Overview of FK506 in transplantation.

FK506 is a potent immunosuppressive agent which is undergoing clinical testing in liver, kidney, heart, and bone marrow transplantation. It has been shown to effectively prevent and reverse ongoing rejection in these models. From the outset, FK506 was used with low-dose steroids to treat 110 primary liver, 30 heart, and 66 kidney graft recipients. FK506 was also used in the setting of complications related to CsA or to ongoing chronic or acute rejection. One hundred seventy-three liver, 21 kidney, 10 heart, and 11 bone marrow recipients were converted to FK506 and low-dose steroids, from a combination of CsA, steroids, and/or Aza. A randomized, prospective trial comparing FK506 with CsA in primary liver transplantation has verified the lower incidence of rejection and greater ease in treating rejection episodes, with fewer adverse effects. In summary, FK506 has proven to be an effective baseline immunosuppressive agent, as well as a dose-adjustable agent for the treatment of rejection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Ciprofloxacin.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of parainfluenza type 1 virus in Lucknow (India).

A total of 568 children suffering from acute respiratory infections were studied from September, 1986 to June, 1988 using indirect immunofluorescence technique to know the frequency of infections caused by parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3. Though sporadic cases of parainfluenza 1 (2.5%) and parainfluenza 3 (3.2%) were seen round the year, and increase in cases of parainfluenza virus type 1 infection was observed only in October, 1987 in Lucknow.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Cyclosporine measurement by FPIA, PC-RIA, and HPLC following liver transplantation.

The factors affecting CyA dosing and kinetics in LT patients are complex, and have been thoroughly investigated and reviewed. Plasma or WB CyA concentration monitoring remains the best method presently available for adjusting CyA dosage in LT patients in a timely manner. The availability of an FPIA assay for CyA has produced rapid drug analysis for transplant patient monitoring, but adds additional factors that must be considered in interpreting CyA concentrations. Liver dysfunction may disproportionately elevate CyA plasma or blood levels when analyzed by FPIA in relation to PC-RIA or HPLC, and adjustment of the therapeutic range or analysis by a more specific assay method may be necessary for dosage adjustment in these patients. The availability of a more specific antibody in an FPIA assay may avert these problems, as would the development of immunologic monitoring techniques that provide a global assessment of immune suppression produced by increasingly complex immunosuppressive regimens in LT patients.

Bilirubin↗