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Biomedical subjects

A Jacob

Publications and source records attributed to A Jacob.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Facial muscle reanimation using the trigeminal motor nerve: an experimental study in the rabbit.

Surgical repair of facial nerve deficits may be marred by lack of muscle control and donor region paresis. Using New Zealand white rabbits, a study was undertaken to evaluate facial muscle reanimation with a donor source not previously used: the motor division of the trigeminal nerve. The results were compared with the severed facial nerve and hypoglossal-facial coaptation. An atrophy scale was calibrated for facial muscles of the rabbit. Clinical, electromyographic, and histomorphometric findings confirmed that the trigeminal nerve was a suitable donor source. The neurorrhaphy produced an exponential rate of repair.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

In vivo 14C isotopic evaluation of amino acid oxidative catabolism in the growing chick. I. Fast respiratory 14CO2 and acetyl-CoA renewal.

A single dose of [1-14C] or [U-14C]glycine or L-[1-14C] or [U-14C]valine was injected intraperitoneally into 1- and 3-week-old chicks. Continuous automatic determination of respiratory 14CO2 and determination of 14C in excreta and uric acid were carried out for 8 h. Computer-aided analysis of the kinetics of respiratory 14CO2 demonstrated two exponentially decreasing components, 'fast 14CO2' and slow 14CO2'. Fast 14CO2 production represents the immediate oxidation and/or decarboxylation of the 14C-labeled amino acid. The half-lives differed according to the nature of the 14C-labeled amino acid but not to the age of the chick. The size of the acetyl-CoA pool labeled by [14C]glycine was between 10 and 15 mmol/100 g of chick. Metabolic partition of a circulating plasma free amino acid between oxidation and retention could be quantified by an isotopic index.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1989

In vivo 14C isotopic evaluation of amino acid oxidative catabolism in the growing chick. II. Slow respiratory 14CO2 and protein renewal.

Analysis of the respiratory 14CO2 of growing chicks injected intraperitoneally with [1-14C] or [U-14C]glycine or valine has shown the presence of a delayed 'slow 14CO2' exponential component. The half-lives, about 3 h, are independent of the nature of the amino acid and of the age (1-3 weeks) of the animal. As supported by investigations in cycloheximide-treated chicks of the oxidative catabolism of glycine, valine and acetate, slow 14CO2 is significantly associated with the degradation of short-lived proteins.

Acetates↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of occupational dermatitis by general practitioners and employment medical advisors: a pilot study.

This pilot study examined how closely general practitioners and employment medical advisors agreed when jointly investigating occupational dermatitis. The criterion for admitting a patient to the study was dermatitis on one or both hands. This presented most commonly among men aged 41-60 years and women aged 21-40 years. There was some reluctance among general practitioners to take part in the study, probably owing to the medico-legal problems associated with this condition. General practitioners and employment medical advisors were equally likely to attribute a case of dermatitis to occupational factors if the patient was employed in industry; but if the patient was in nonindustrial employment, general practitioners were more likely to consider the possibility of an occupational origin than employment medical advisors. These differences suggest that before initiating a wider study more information is required concerning the trigger mechanisms for dermatitis on the hands in order to reduce the diagnostic variability.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of the Indian gooseberry (amla) on serum cholesterol levels in men aged 35-55 years.

The effect on total serum cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions of supplementation of the diet with amla (Emblica officinalis, Gaertn., the Indian gooseberry) was studied in normal and hypercholesterolaemic men aged 35-55 years. The supplement was given for a period of 28 d in the raw form. Both normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects showed a decrease in cholesterol levels. Two weeks after withdrawing the supplement, the total serum cholesterol levels of the hypercholesterolaemic subjects rose significantly almost to initial levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The PACS model plan at the Freiburg University Clinic. A first step toward a radiologic picture archiving and communication system].

In a study performed at several clinical departments of the University of Freiburg, West Germany, it was found that approximately 180,000 patient examinations based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance, nuclear medicine, ultrasound as well as digital and conventional radiography, produce over 1,000,000 pictures. It was assumed that modern technologies can greatly facilitate the handling of such a quantity of images. This applies to diagnosis and therapy planning as well as to communication and archiving of this large amount of data. The study also assumes that the technologies to be considered, e.g. fiber optical networks, optical archives and medical work stations, which represent the main components of PACS, should be introduced in a stepwise manner following a clear overall conception. As the first step the implementation of a local area network (LAN) in the departments of radiology and general surgery is planned. Important criteria for the selection of these particular departments are improvements in health care for a maximum number of patients and in the working profiles for the greatest possible number of physicians and assistant personnel. A cost reduction as compared to the present system through more efficient communication and archiving of the digital images is expected. New perspectives for medical research as well as for medico-technical developments are also expected. Examples are the 3-D representations of human anatomy and the manufacturing of custom-designed prothetic devices. Scheduling and budgetary plans for equipment and manpower are further study results for the Freiburg PACS-Project.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1987

Chronic granulomatous disease in an adult.

We have described a 49-year-old man with chronic granulomatous disease. The diagnosis was established by a deficiency of NBT dye reduction by neutrophils, in addition to impairment in 14C-1-glucose utilization, 125I-iodination of zymosan, chemiluminescence, superoxide radical generation, and bactericidal activity toward S aureus. This adult patient exhibits many characteristics of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood but of less severity, which may explain his unusually long survival. It is thus important to consider the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease not only in children but also in adult patients having the characteristic pattern of recurrent infections.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1986

Treatment for hypertension interrupted by placebo: the response of patients with high and low general health questionnaire scores.

A study is described in which established treatment for hypertension was interrupted by placebo as part of a change to an alternative treatment.The patients involved were divided into two groups according to their score on the general health questionnaire. All the patients showed an increase in diastolic pressure after the placebo phase of the change-over but the increase was greater for patients with a high score on the general health questionnaire than it was for patients with a low score. For the patients with a high score the diastolic pressure approximated to the level recorded when the diagnosis was first made, but for patients with a low score it was considerably lower than this initial reading.The implication of this finding for the design of ;changeover' studies is discussed.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

New model systems to study DNA-protein recognition mechanisms.

dpG antibodies were fractionated on a cellulose-double-stranded DNA column. The flow-through fraction bound denatured DNA but not double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The dpG-eluted fraction bound dsDNA preferentially. The results show that proteins can recognise dpG in DNA by different mechanisms, some involving DNA unwinding.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Entry to a health centre: conduct and outcome of a prospective study.

The article describes a prospective study into the effect that moving to a health centre had on a doctor's activities in certain areas of care: type of consultation, diagnostic instruments used, laboratory tests, prescriptions, psychotherapeutic content and referrals to specialists. It indicates how the design of the study had to be modified while it was in progress, in response to circumstances which could not be anticipated while it was being planned. The lessons learned from the experience are reported. The study showed that health centre entry was associated with less home visiting; none of the other activities under investigation were affected. However, if a 'control' had not been incorporated into the study, different and mistaken conclusions might have been drawn. It is argued that since developments in service practice can excite extreme supportive or critical comment based on inadequate evidence, there is a need for prospective controlled studies of this type, if the provision of general medical care is to have scientific credibility.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗