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Biomedical subjects

A J Weinstein

Publications and source records attributed to A J Weinstein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Surveillance of bacterial resistance in China (1998-1999)].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of bacterial resistance of clinical isolates obtained from patients with hospital infections (HI) or community acquired infections (CAI) in the study wards of 13 hospitals located at different areas in China. METHODS: Susceptibility test was performed on 2 081 strains isolated from 13 hospitals, using standard plate dilution method according to the guidelines of NCCLS (1998). MIC(50) and MIC(90) were used to show the antibacterial activity of antimicrobial agents, and data of R%, I% and S% represent resistant, intermediate and susceptible rates of bacteria to antimicrobial agents tested. RESULTS: Among total 98 strains of S. aureus, 87 were isolated from patients with CAI and 11 were from HI patients. The incidence of methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) from total infections caused by S. aureus was 27.55%, while the incidence of MRSA from HI patients was 81.82%, which was significantly higher than that (21.84%) from CAI patients. The rate of penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) (R% + I%) was 22.50%; the rate of R (MIC >/= 2 mg/L) was 2.5%, and most of PRSP strains was intermediate, with I% of 20%. No strains of S. aureus, neither strains of E. faecalis, nor of E. faecium were found resistant to vancomycin. The intermediate rate (I%) of E. faecalis and E. faecium to vancomycin was 3.23% and 3.77%, respectively. Cross resistance of E. coli to quinolones was present obviously, and more than 60% of E. coli strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones tested. CONCLUSION: Multi-drug resistance (MDR) of bacteria is a serious problem in China, including MDR of MRSA, PRSP, and enterobacteriaceae; and the resistant rate of enterobacterinceae is the highest up-to-date.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Study of charmless hadronic B meson decays to pseudoscalar-vector final states.

We report results of searches for charmless hadronic B meson decays to pseudoscalar( pi(+/-), K+/-, pi(0), or K(0)(S))-vector( rho, K(*), or omega) final states. By using 9.7x10(6) BB pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we report the first observation of B(-)--->pi(-)rho(0), B(0)-->pi(+/-)rho(-/+), and B(-)-->pi(-)omega, which are expected to be dominated by hadronic b-->u transitions. The measured branching fractions are (10.4(+3.3)(-3.4)+/-2.1)x10(-6), (27.6(+8.4)(-7.4)+/-4.2)x10(-6), and (11.3(+3.3)(-2.9)+/-1. 4)x10(-6), respectively. Branching fraction upper limits are set for all of the other decay modes investigated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Search for CP violation in B+/- --> J/psiK+/- and B+/- --> psi(2S)K+/- decays.

We present a search for direct CP violation in B+/--->J/psiK+/- and B+/--->psi(2S)K+/- decays. In a sample of 9.7x10(6) B&Bmacr; meson pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we have fully reconstructed 534 B+/--->J/psiK+/- and 120 B+/--->psi(2S)K+/- decays with very low background. We have measured the CP-violating charge asymmetry to be [+1.8+/-4.3(stat)+/-0.4(syst)]% for B+/--->J/psiK+/- and [+2.0+/-9. 1(stat)+/-1.0(syst)]% for B+/--->psi(2S)K+/-.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution versus placebo in reducing inflammation following cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation.

One hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic) in reducing ocular inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (2:1 diclofenac:placebo) if the sum of anterior chamber cells plus flare one day postoperatively (baseline) was at least four. None of the patients received concomitant steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment. The 99 patients receiving diclofenac sodium had significantly greater improvement from baseline in summed flare plus cell score than the 49 placebo patients at two to five days and seven to nine days after baseline. Similarly, diclofenac sodium patients had significantly less post-baseline conjunctival erythema and ciliary flush than placebo patients. Significantly more diclofenac sodium patients than placebo patients showed moderate to marked improvement from baseline in overall assessment of inflammatory response. Forty-nine percent of placebo patients but only 17% of diclofenac patients were considered therapeutic failures (P < .001). By five to seven days, 82% of diclofenac sodium patients and 59% of placebo patients had corrected visual acuities of 20/40 or better (P < .001). There were no clinically important differences in mean intraocular pressure at any visit.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Resection of intraocular squamous cell carcinoma.

A patient with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva was referred with 20/20 vision in an eye with obvious intraocular extension. A modified iridocyclochoroidectomy was performed and the tumour was removed. Three and a half years later the patient's vision is 20/30 and there is no recurrence. This is the first case in which an eye has been successfully salvaged with documented intraocular squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

The surgical management of megaureters in duplex systems: the efficacy of ureteral tapering and common sheath reimplantation.

We describe 6 children with renal duplication associated with megaureter(s) who underwent ureteral tapering and common sheath reimplantation. Of the patients 4 had complete duplication with reflux into 1 or both ureters and 2 had incomplete duplication with a short distal segment that was obstructed at the ureterovesical junction. All obstructed or refluxing ureteral segments were dilated to a degree that tapering was required at the time of common sheath reimplantation. Megaureter repair in the presence of a duplicate collecting system proved to be safe and reliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae in adults].

Pneumonia counts as one of the most frequent severe Haemophilus influenzae infections to afflict adults. 60% of patients with pneumonia caused by type b H. influenzae are more than 50 years old, 30% to 40% are alcoholics, and 30% to 40% have chronic pulmonary disease or other concurrent illness. In the majority of cases there is multilobular, maculate, diffuse and usually bilateral involvement of the pulmonary tissue. The mortality rate due to type b H. influenzae pneumonia ranges between 30% and 40%. In patients with non-bacteriaemic pneumonia caused by non-encapsulated strains of H. influenzae it is rare for several lobes to be involved, there is little exudation and the mortality rate is low. H. influenzae is a significant pathogen in acute epiglottitis in adults and it also appears to play an important role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and acute sinusitis. beta-lactamase production mediated by R-factors or plasmids of gram-negative bacteria is responsible for ampicillin resistance. In 1978 the overall rate of resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin in American hospitals amounted to 18%. H. influenzae are found in the nasopharynx of people exposed to others infected with H. influenzae. The risk of secondary infection in children who come into contact with patients infected with type b H. influenzae amounts to approximately 2.1%. Adults in close contact with children suffering from severe H. influenzae infections must be warned of the possible risks of secondary infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection found almost exclusively in diabetics, characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma. The diagnosis is established radiographically. An additional case is added to the 52 cases reported in the literature; we believe this is the fifth reported case with bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. If appropriate diagnostic studies demonstrate no evidence of either perinephric abscess or urinary obstruction, intensive medical management should be the initial therapy for this condition. Surgical intervention is necessary in patients without prompt response to medical therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Infectious mononucleosis presenting as acute intermittent porphyria.

We have described a patient with infectious mononucleosis, confirmed by serologic studies, who had an initial episode of acute intermittent porphyria during the course of the infection. Although infections have been implicated in precipitating AIP, infectious mononucleosis has rarely, if ever, been described. A similar constellation of symptoms has been described for both infectious mononucleosis and AIP. Although infectious mononucleosis is a common infection, with 90% to 95% of the United States population showing seropositivity by adulthood, neurologic complications are uncommon. Acute intermittent porphyria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with infectious mononucleosis, neuropathy, and abdominal pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Cefamandole-aminoglycoside therapy of experimental enterococcal endocarditis.

Cephalosporin-aminoglycoside therapy of human enterococcal endocarditis has been associated with a high incidence of clinical failure. The comparative efficacy of three cephalosporin antibiotics (cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin), in combination with gentamicin, was studied in a rabbit model of enterococcal endocarditis. The cefamandole-gentamicin combination produced higher rates of cure, despite the administration of comparatively lower doses. Studies of antibiotic penetration into a fibrin thrombus indicated that cefamandole penetrated the thrombus readily. The greater efficacy of the cefamandole-gentamicin combination may be related to the superior penetration of cefamandole into the fibrin-rich vegetations of endocarditis.

Aminoglycosides↗