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Biomedical subjects

A J Ward

Publications and source records attributed to A J Ward.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Radiation exposure during dynamic hip screw operation.

Exposure to radiation by surgeon and patient was measured in ten cases during insertion of a dynamic hip screw, using image intensified screening. There were low levels of irradiation of the thyroid and eyes of the surgeon. However, the dominant hand of the surgeon was often exposed to higher levels. The use of a memory during screening significantly reduced the level of radiation measured (P less than 0.05). Recommendations are made for reducing radiation exposure by the surgeon, and a method is described to measure the irradiation of surgeons' hands.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1984

Skeletal muscle metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.

We report a case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with bone metastases, and a cavitating metastasis in the skeletal muscle and soft tissue of the upper limb, resulting in amputation. Carcinoma of the prostate commonly gives rise to metastases in the lymph nodes and bone. Less frequent sites of metastases include the lung, liver and suprarenal gland, although other organs and the skin may be involved rarely.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

The chemotherapy of advanced squamous cell carcinomas: long term results obtained with a combination of methotrexate, the vinca alkaloids and bleomycin.

Long-term results are described in a group of 119 patients treated by a combination of methotrexate, vinca alkaloids and bleomycin and observed over a period of seven years. Details are given of the chemotherapy used, together with modifications designed to reduce its toxicity. There was an overall objective response in 48% of the patients and this was site dependent with cancer of the head and neck faring best (68%). Overall survival was 8% at two years and was better in patients showing an objective response and also in those whose performance status was improved by treatment. Previous radiotherapy did not appear to affect response adversely. Further studies are proposed with the addition of a cycle specific agent to a modification of the schedule used.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The kinetics of solubilization of single component non-polar oils by a non-ionic surfactant.

The kinetics of solubilization of two non-polar oils (hexadecane and 2,6,10,15,19,23 hexamethyl tetracosane) by a pure non-ionic surfactant (n-dodecyl hexaethylene glycol ether) have been investigated using a recently developed technique. A linear dependence of rate upon surfactant concentration above the cmc and a rapid increase in rate at temperatures close to the cloud point were observed. A previously developed theoretical description of the process has been expanded to account for the observation that the rates for the oils in given systems are not in the exact ratio of the equilibrium capacities of the system for the respective oils. If the effects of changes in aggregation number and shape of the micelle/solubilizate complex are considered, the absolute values of the measured and theoretical rates are in good agreement. Furthermore, the activation energies are nearly equal for the two solubilizates, a result which is in accord with theory. The micelle relaxation time tau 2 is practically independent of surfactant concentration.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1979

Estracyt in advanced carcinoma of the breast: a phase II study.

Estracyt, a conjugate of an alkylating agent with an oestrogenic sterol, was given in a dose of 420 mg daily to a group of 44 postmenopausal patients with very advanced breast carcinoma. Thirty-eight of these were in relapse following chemotherapy and 32 had evidence of distant metastases. Seventeen patients had an objective response and marked or complete alleviation of symptoms, four others had a useful symptomatic response but no beneficial effect was observed in the remainder. Three who had shown no response to previous oestrogen therapy also failed to respond to Estracyt as did all nine patients with hepatic metastases. Oestrogen receptor status and age within the postmenopausal group seemed to have no bearing on the result. Side-effects were minimal with nausea in 18 patients but in only two did this necessitate withdrawal of the drug. Bone marrow depression did not occur. Changes in acute-phase reactant proteins suggested that part of the Estracyt was de-esterified in the liver liberating oestrone but the low incidence of vaginal haemorrhage and the recalcification of bony metastases suggested that on the whole Estracyt behaves as an anti-oestrogen as well as an antimitotic.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The Leeds results for radiotherapy in HBO for carcinoma of the head and neck.

Follow-up data at five years are reported for 24 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, included in a randomised prospective MRC study of radiotherapy in hyperbaric oxygen (10 fractions) or air (15 or 20 fractions). Although few, the data show a significant gain in local control (P less than 0.001) and survival (P less than 0.05) with the use of hyperbaric oxygen but no increased tissue reactions or morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoma of the cervix: results of a hyperbaric oxygen trial associated with the use of the cathetron.

Since 1971, 82 patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix have been included in a randomised clinical trial in association with the Working Party on Radiotherapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen of the Medical Research Council. External irradiation was given in 10 fractions by an unconventional schedule, either in air or HBO, and combined with three large fractions of intracavitary irradiation using the Cathetron. The results are acceptable overall, with 69% local control, 15% with tumour developing outside the treated volume and 40% survival at five years, but no improvement has been shown with HBO. Symptoms suggestive of some degree of late damage to the small bowel were present in 13% of patients, with a higher but not statistically significant, incidence in the HBO group. It is postulated that the schedule of radiotherapy used has allowed reoxygenation during treatment and that no further gain due to the use of HBO may be achieved. After a review of the results from other centres and taking into account the difficulties of treatment in HBO it is concluded that for advanced carcinoma of the cervix the addition of HBO to radiotherapy is not clinically worthwhile.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tort liability considerations for allied health training institutions.

This paper presents an analysis of legal trends affecting institutions which train allied health professionals, including risks faced and actions necessary to minimize liabilities. It discusses those factors which determine liabilities that may be applicable to health professions educational institutions; trends emerging as legal doctrines from courts rendering malpractice decisions; and actions for preventing, minimizing, counteracting or neutralizing the likelihood of legal liabilities attaching to such institutions.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Pre-treatment 3H-TdR labelling of cervical biopsies: histology, staging and tumour response to radiotherapy.

Pre-treatment data from tumour biopsies labelled in vitro with tritiated thymidine are reported for 54 patients undergoing radical radiotherapy by 137Cs or Cathetron 60Co intracavitary insertions plus external irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Labelling indices were obtained ranging from 1.8 to 27.8%. No correlation was observed between mean labelling indices and the histological type of tumour or its degree of differentiation. Comparison of data obtained in this study with previously reported data for carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma indicate that with increasing clinical stage of the disease, a considerable lengthening of the potential doubling time of the tumour cells, from less than 1 to 8 days, occurs. The degree of vaginal spread of the tumour was directly related to the degree of parametrial involvement. The mean time taken for the vaginal component of the tumour to resolve following radiotherapy was related to its initial spread and the pre-treatment labelling index. The greater the spread of the tumour, the lower the labelling index and the longer the time taken for resolution. Up to 1 year following radiotherapy the incidence of locally recurrent, or metastatic disease was unrelated to the pre-treatment labelling index.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1976

Intramolecular disorder and its relation to mesophase structure in lipid/water mixtures.

NMR spin-half pair dipolar echo measurements are reported for the lamellar (dispersions and multibilayer stacks) and hexagonal phases of potassium palmitate/2H2O mixtures. In the lamellar Lbeta and Lgamma (gel) phases the alkyl chains are rigid and perfectly ordered, while in the lamellar Lalpha and hexagonal phases they are flexible and disordered. In particular, the measurements show that in the fluid lamellar Lalpha phase the chain is "bent" at the C9-C10 segment; but is "straight" in the hexagonal phase.

Binding Sites↗