Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A J Pinching

Publications and source records attributed to A J Pinching.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cytomegalovirus infection in AIDS. Patterns of disease, response to therapy and trends in survival.

Among 347 AIDS patients seen at St Mary's Hospital, London between 1983 and 1989, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease was observed in 75 (22%). Of these, 58 (77%) had CMV retinitis, 26 (35%) CMV colitis, and 12 (16%) had CMV infection diagnosed at other sites. Relapse occurred in 71%. A favourable response to the use of ganciclovir as induction therapy for CMV retinitis was observed in 92%. Relapse of CMV retinitis occurred in 54% at a median time of 97 days. Neutropenia was the most frequent and serious side-effect of ganciclovir, 76% patients having neutrophil counts less than 1.0 x 10(9)/l and 48% less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l at some stage of therapy. Thrombocytopenia was also common, and platelet counts of less than 50 x 10(9)/l occurred in 43% patients on ganciclovir. The concurrent use of zidovudine made the development of severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia more likely. Median survival following the diagnosis of CMV disease increased from 5-8 months between 1984 and 1987, to over 12 months in 1988. Patients with CMV colitis had a worse prognosis than patients with CMV retinitis, with median survival of 4.5 and 7 months respectively. In conclusion, CMV is an important opportunist infection in AIDS and both the disease and its treatment cause considerable morbidity. Hence, it is important to develop more effective and less toxic forms of therapy for CMV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

HIV/AIDS pathogenesis and treatment: new twists and turns.

This review focuses on some new insights into human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis, as it affects CD4 lymphocytes and other key cells in the immune system. It also critically reviews recent progress in anti-retroviral therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Disseminated strongyloidiasis in AIDS: uncommon but important.

Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection is a rare and severe but treatable complication of AIDS. We present a case where this infection was successfully treated and review the available literature. Cases may present many years after they have left an area endemic for Strongyloides infection, emphasizing the need for a full travel history. Symptoms are typically gastrointestinal and pulmonary, with infiltrates often seen on chest radiography. Diagnosis requires stool examination and biopsy of affected sites. Treatment with repeated courses of thiabendazole (25 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days) was successful in our case, but maintenance regimens have not yet been defined. The relative rarity of this complication of AIDS suggests that, where both infections are present, disseminated strongyloidiasis only arises either when HIV-induced immunodeficiency is profound or, possibly, when it is accompanied by impaired granulopoiesis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals show aberrant inositol polyphosphate metabolism which reverses after zidovudine therapy.

Lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cells that have been infected by HIV in vitro or exposed to its envelope glycoprotein (gp120) show abnormal inositol polyphosphate-mediated signal transduction and associated defects in calcium regulation. Such cells behave as though they were chronically activated and fail to respond to further activating signals. We now show that similar changes are seen in lymphocytes obtained from HIV-infected subjects at various stages of infection, despite the fact that only a minority of such cells are infected. Furthermore, the defect in the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis pathway in lymphocytes obtained from AIDS patients reverses after treatment with zidovudine, in parallel with improvements in phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferative response and interferon-gamma production.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Defective Candida opsonin and procidin function in patients with recurrent pyogenic infection: a common immunodeficiency.

Polymorphonuclear cell function tests were performed in 340 patients with recurrent unexplained infections. Serum-dependent defects in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans (Candida opsonin and procidin defects) were specifically associated with susceptibility to recurrent pyogenic infections, Candida opsonin defects occurring in 12.7% and Candida procidin defects in 20.8% of patients compared with 3.7% of healthy controls. Saccharomyces cerevisiae opsonin deficiencies were also found frequently in patients with recurrent infections, being present in 18.2% compared with 7.4% controls, although not specifically in those with pyogenic infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in AIDS.

Eight patients with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii infection were studied. Protean manifestations were a feature not untypical of disseminated pneumocystosis. Aerosolised pentamidine as prophylaxis against P carinii pneumonia was ineffective at suppressing dissemination. The knowledge that extrapulmonary infection can occur has implications for the detection and treatment of, and prophylaxis against, P carinii infection. The survival of patients with disseminated pneumocystosis is particularly poor, and may be due to a lack of clinical awareness and consequent delay in diagnosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

HIV and AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Quantification of radiolabelled granulocyte migration in vivo.

Quantification of the tissue localisation of granulocytes is difficult, particularly in man. With the aim of facilitating such quantification, a technique is described which combines the micropore filter skin window technique with the infusion of autologous 111In-labelled granulocytes. The radioactivity in the removable micropore filters, placed on small forearm skin window abrasions, was compared with peripheral blood radioactivity following injection of 111In-labelled 'pure' granulocytes in normal subjects. Radioactivity in filters from abrasions which were made 8 h or more before injection of labelled cells followed the same time course as the cell-associated radioactivity in whole blood, but radioactivity in filters from abrasions made nearer to the time of labelled granulocyte injection increased to reach a peak 3-8 h after cell injection, at a time when cell-associated blood radioactivity had fallen to about 50% of its initial value. Exercise appeared to induce a transient decrease in radiolabelled granulocyte migration into the filters. This technique offers a means of studying the kinetics of granulocyte migration in vivo.

Cell Movement↗