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Biomedical subjects

A J Pilgrim

Publications and source records attributed to A J Pilgrim.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparison of the central nervous system effects of haloperidol, chlorpromazine and sulpiride in normal volunteers.

1. Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in four experimental occasions during each of which they were dosed with one of the following anti-psychotic drugs: chlorpromazine (50 mg), haloperidol (3 mg), sulpiride (400 mg) and placebo. Drugs were allocated to subjects in a double-blind, crossover fashion. 2. The subject's mood state, psychometric performance and electroencephalogram (EEG) were assessed pre-dose, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 h post-dose. Mood states were assessed using 16 visual analogue scales and psychomotor performance was measured using the following tests: elapsed time estimation, tapping rate, choice reaction times, a rapid information processing task, flash fusion threshold, a manipulative motor task, digit span, body sway and tremor. 3. Chlorpromazine and haloperidol significantly reduced subjective ratings of 'alertness' and 'contentedness', and haloperidol significantly reduced feelings of 'calmness'. Sulpiride did not significantly affect any of the visual analogue scales. 4. All three anti-psychotic drugs had similar EEG effects with peak effect 2 to 4 h postdose. The profile was characterised by an increase in the proportion of slow wave activity (delta and theta) as well as decreased alpha (8-14 Hz) and faster (beta) wave activity. 5. Chlorpromazine reduced tapping rate and increased choice reaction movement times. Haloperidol reduced the flash fusion threshold frequency at 6 h post-dose. Sulpiride prolonged the duration of the manipulative motor task, particularly at 48 h post-dose. 6. All three anti-psychotic drugs impaired performance on the rapid information processing task. Chlorpromazine significantly reduced the number of correct letter pair identifications at 2, 4 and 6 h post-dose, haloperidol at 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 h post-dose, and sulpiride at 24 h post-dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Consequences of misrouting goldfish optic axons.

Cut optic axons regenerate into the goldfish tectum by indirect routes. To study the accuracy with which they terminate we made visuotectal maps before and immediately after cutting through the rostral tectum from its medial edge. This severed the normal pathway to medial tectum leaving intact only grossly misrouted axons. In fish mapped in this way, 3 months or more after contralateral optic nerve cuts, each initial map was essentially normal. After a tectal cut the electrical responses were usually weaker; but their receptive field positions proved to match very closely those noted previously for the same recording sites. The mean angular change was only 8.48 degrees and much of this could be accounted for by experimental errors. In fish mapped 6 months or more after attempts to cross-unite the optic tract brachia, initial maps were less regular. Some showed gross rearrangement of groups of terminals; and recognizable irregularities persisted in two fish mapped again after a further 4 or 5 months. However, maps made after tectal cuts in such fish were not noticeably less regular than the initial maps. Field position changes averaged 17.85 degrees. In both groups misrouted axons, filled with horseradish peroxidase after mapping and visualized in whole-mounts, crossed the tectum from lateral regions to reach the medial recording sites. The small field position changes in both groups confirm that axons from detectable terminals only among their retinal neighbours; nevertheless the irregular maps seen after tract cross-union lead us to expect the orderly arrangement of the normal pathway to contribute significantly to the precision of the normal map.

Animals↗