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Biomedical subjects

A J Kanwar

Publications and source records attributed to A J Kanwar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis: a rare cause of heat intolerance.

A reduced level or complete cessation of sweating can be caused by a variety of factors affecting sweat glands directly or indirectly through alterations in their nerve supply. The most common presentation is the syndrome of heat intolerance with or without features of dysautonomia. An acquired idiopathic form of generalized anhidrosis is characterized by loss of sweating in the absence of any neurological features or destruction of sweat glands. Cholinergic urticaria has been associated with some cases of this acquired idiopathic form of generalized anhidrosis. A case of generalized absence of sweating without a neurological deficit is described, and the implications of heat intolerance are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Linear oro-facial lichen sclerosus.

Lichen sclerosus is a depigmenting mucocutaneous disorder that most frequently affects the female genitalia. Lichen sclerosus affecting the oral mucosa is extremely rare. Oral lesions are asymptomatic but cosmetically unacceptable. We report here a case of lichen sclerosus presenting with a linear lesion over the nose that extended to involve the philtrum and the upper lip with intraoral extension up to the gingiva. Treatment with a short course of oral and intralesional corticosteroids resulted in partial resolution of the lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Delayed reactivation of haloperidol induced photosensitive dermatitis by methotrexate.

A man whose psoriasis was well controlled on methotrexate treatment developed pellagra-like photosensitive dermatitis when he started taking haloperidol. Reactivation of his dermatitis was observed with methotrexate as a recall photosensitivity phenomenon. This false photosensitivity reaction of methotrexate is an important but rarely encountered adverse effect. A possible interaction between methotrexate and haloperidol is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Long-term efficacy of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in pemphigus.

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are used as a daily oral therapy or in a pulse form with or without various adjuvant drugs for the treatment of pemphigus. Our long-term experience with the use of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy as a first-line treatment modality for pemphigus is presented. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of records of pemphigus patients treated by dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide therapy was carried out. The treatment regimen consisted of the monthly administration of intravenous dexamethasone (136 mg) for 3 consecutive days with addition of intravenous cyclophosphamide (500 mg) on the second day. Oral cyclophosphamide (50 mg) daily and oral corticosteroids (low tapering doses) were given in the intervals between the pulses, till partial remission was achieved. Pulse therapy was then continued for another 6 months followed by daily oral cyclophosphamide (50 mg) for 1 year, which produced a complete remission. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients, 32 with pemphigus vulgaris and 4 with pemphigus foliaceus, were treated with this regimen. Two to 8 pulses were required to achieve a partial remission, while the total number of pulses given for complete remission ranged from 8 to 32. The duration of pulse therapy correlated with both the disease severity and the time to achieve remission. All patients are now in complete remission with a follow-up of 0.5-12 years. Four patterns of remission were observed, related to the severity of disease. The response to pulse therapy was faster in the milder form of disease. The severe form of disease required more pulses as well as higher doses of intervening oral corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy is an effective form of treatment in pemphigus and results in long-lasting remissions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Association of juvenile xanthogranuloma with café-au-lait macules.

A 2-year-old boy was referred to the dermatology services for the evaluation of yellowish-brown raised lesions over the face of 3 months' duration. In addition, he had multiple asymptomatic hyperpigmented spots over the trunk, which his parents had noticed at the time of birth. His physical and mental milestones of development were normal. Apart from the cutaneous lesions, the child was otherwise well and there was no history of seizures. He was the only child born to nonconsanguineous parents. No family history of similar lesions was available. The boy weighed 14 kg, had a height of 88 cm, and a head circumference of 48 cm. General physical and systemic examination was normal. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple, yellowish-brown papules over the forehead, sides of the face, and shoulders. The papules measured 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, were discrete, well defined, oval and flat topped without any surface changes (Fig. 1). Multiple café-au-lait macules varying from 0.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter were present over the trunk (Fig. 2). There was no freckling in the axillary or the inguinal regions and no neurofibromas were present. A diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma was considered. Complete blood counts, urine analysis, hepatic and renal function tests, and serum lipid levels were normal. A skin biopsy from a papule over the shoulder revealed a dense infiltrate in the dermis underlying a normal epidermis. The infiltrate was well demarcated and comprised lymphocytes, eosinophils, and foamy histiocytes along with Touton giant cells and proliferating fibroblasts. This confirmed the diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. The parents were informed about the benign and self-limiting nature of the disorder and were advised to bring the child for regular follow-up.

Cafe-au-Lait Spots↗
PubMed2001

Plasma cell mucositis.

A case of plasma cell mucositis is described for its rarity. A probable aetiological correlation with periodontitis is discussed. The patient showed good response to intralesional and topical steroids.

Clobetasol↗
PubMed2001

Repigmentation after autologous miniature punch grafting in segmental vitiligo in North Indian patients.

Segmental vitiligo is rather refractory to medical treatment. The paucity of literature on the results of autologous miniature punch grafting in segmental vitiligo in dark-skinned patients led us to conduct such a study in 15 dark-skinned patients of North Indian origin to observe the repigmentation response to this technique at different sites. The age range was 16-42 years (mean 23.08 years). There were four males and eleven females (M:F ratio being 1:2.75) who had the disease for 3-15 years. After autologous miniature punch grafting, a remarkable repigmentation was obtained in 12 (80%) cases with 90% to 100% improvement. About 40-60% repigmentation was observed within 3-6 months in the majority (66.6%) of cases and near total to total repigmentation was observed within 2 years. The maximum pigment spread was observed over the face (cheeks) and neck, and the minimum pigment spread was observed over the left arm and right upper eyelid. Complications were minimal. The present study demonstrates that autologous miniature punch grafting is a safe and easy technique, that produces good cosmetic results in the unsightly depigmenting lesions of segmental vitiligo, especially on the face and exposed areas, even in dark-skinned races if patients are selected carefully. This can be of great benefit to patients who are psychologically disturbed by their disease.

Adolescent↗