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Biomedical subjects

A J Jacob

Publications and source records attributed to A J Jacob.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens by use of a capture biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent capture assay with biotin and streptavidin (capture B/SA ELISA) was developed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen. Rabbit anti-HSV antibody (immunoglobulin G fraction) was coated on flat-bottom, irradiated, 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates and served to capture HSV antigen. Clinical specimens from patients with genital herpes were added. Biotin-linked rabbit anti-HSV immunoglobulin G was used as the second antibody. The antigen-antibody complex was detected with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin, which linked to the biotin. With clinical specimens, the test had a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 91.4% when compared with the tissue culture method. The presence of HSV antigen in specimens devoid of infectivity was confirmed by blocking the reaction with unlabeled rabbit and human antibody to HSV. The level of antigen detected by the capture B/SA ELISA did not necessarily correlate with the infectivity titer of the specimens. HSV antigens could be detected by the capture B/SA ELISA when the virus infectivity was destroyed at 37 degrees C, by UV irradiation, or by Triton X-100 treatment, but not when hypochlorite treatment was used. Greater sensitivity was obtained when HSV-1- and HSV-2-specific antibody reagents were used simultaneously in each test. The capture B/SA ELISA provides a relatively rapid method (4.5 h) which is quite sensitive and specific when compared with other non-tissue culture, direct assay methods.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Genital herpes infection in pregnant women near term.

A study of 215 middle income, predominantly white, suburban women for herpes simplex virus infection revealed that ten (4.6%) had positive herpes cultures near term and thus were at risk for transmission of herpes simplex virus to their newborn. Eight of these women had a previous history of herpes simplex virus infection, and seven of the eight had lesions suggestive of herpes simplex virus at the time of study. Only one patient had lesions at delivery. On the basis of past history of genital herpes or partners with herpes, 25 of the 215 women were at high risk for genital herpes near term. Thus, careful questioning identified a high-risk group of 25 patients in which eight (32%) were shedding virus near term, and this group included the majority (eight of ten) of the herpes simplex virus-infected women in the study population. There were no cases of neonatal herpes in the children born from the 215 pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Detection of genital herpes simplex infections by a tissue culture-fluorescent-antibody technique with biotin-avidin.

Several cell lines were evaluated for their suitability for rapid detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from clinical genital specimens. Human foreskin fibroblast (Flow 7000) cells were found to be most suitable in terms of sensitivity and adherence characteristics. HSV in clinical specimens was isolated by a standard tissue culture method by monitoring the cytopathic effect, and the titers of the HSV-positive specimens were determined. More than 65% of the HSV-positive genital specimens showed titers of less than or equal to 10(4) 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml. The standard tissue culture-cytopathic effect method required 3 to 10 days for detection of HSV in clinical specimens of low infectivity. A more rapid technique was developed which involved a short-term tissue culture (24 h) on Lab-Tek chambers followed by staining with biotin-linked HSV antibody and avidin-fluorescein conjugate. Because of the high binding affinity of this system due to multiple binding of biotin to avidin and multiple attachment of biotin to the antibody molecule, the biotin-avidin fluorescent-antibody technique produced a quality of fluorescence far superior to that of the conventional fluorescent-antibody techniques. The tissue culture-biotin-avidin fluorescent-antibody method was as sensitive as the tissue culture-cytopathic effect test. This method provides an improved, more rapid test (26 h) for detecting HSV in clinical specimens.

Antigens, Viral↗