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Biomedical subjects

A J Isaacs

Publications and source records attributed to A J Isaacs.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Driving and drug regulation.

The UK Licensing Authority, aided by advice from expert committees, has the statutory duty to evaluate new medicines in respect of quality, safety and efficacy. All drug applications in the EC must now be accompanied by a summary of product characteristics which includes a statement on the effects of the products on the ability to drive and operate machinery. Any claims or warnings made in this or other respects must be based on data resulting from scientific experiments and will appear in data sheets. Appropriate label warnings may also be required, in some cases imposed by the Labelling Regulations, such as the standard antihistamine warning. The use of package inserts to give further warning to the public is currently under study.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

A clinical assessment of Modifast in U.K. general practice.

Between April and October 1983, 443 subjects were offered a month's course of Modifast by their general practitioners. Modifast is a very low calorie formula diet containing 1.7MJ (410 kcal) and 70g protein per day. Results available on 335 of these individuals indicate that 217 completed a four week course and achieved an average weight loss of 6.6 kg, whilst those that did not complete the course achieved a 2.6 kg weight loss. Concurrent disease was present in 44.5% of subjects. The product was rated on average, tolerable, but side effects, albeit generally minor and transient, were reported by one third. Nearly two-thirds of the initially hypertensive patients became normotensive. Modified fasting is an acceptable and effective initial approach to weight loss in general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function in anorexia nervosa: influence of weight gain.

The functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis was assessed in 14 women and girls with anorexia nervosa when at low body weight and again in 12 cases after they had gained weight. Mean serum thyroxine concentrations were low before and after weight gain. Mean serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were substantially reduced at low weight and doubled after weight gain, the absolute values being linearly correlated with body weight expressed as a percentage of the ideal. Concentrations of reverse T3 were greatly increased in some patients initially and fell with weight gain. Basal concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were unchanged after weight gain but the TSH response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was significantly augmented; delayed patterns of response were found in seven out of 12 patients tested before and three out of 12 patients tested after weight gain. Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis are common in anorexia nervosa and probably represent both peripheral and central adaptations to the altered nutritional state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of piperazine oestrone sulphate on serum oestrogen and gonadotrophin levels in post-menopausal women.

Thirty-three post-menopausal women were treated with piperazine oestrone sulphate 1.5--3.0 mg daily on a cyclical basis for 3--6 months. Serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oestrone and oestradiol were measured on two occassions prior to starting treatment, and several times during the course of therapy. Initial mean concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol of 59 and 14 pg/ml rose to 528 and 83 pg/ml, respectively, and this was associated with a dose-related suppression of LH (from 57.1 to 50.3 u/l) and more particularly FSH (from 25.8 to 16.5 u/l). There was a highly significant correlation between the decrease in FSH and the oestradiol concentration during treatment, but no correlation with oestrone.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1977

Effect of piperazine oestrone sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in menopausal women.

Twenty menopausal women and 2 women with gonadal dysgenesis were treated with piperazine oestrone sulphate 1.5-3 mg dialy on a cyclical basis for a period of 6 months. Fasting serum lipids and lipoprotein esterified fatty acid indices (EFI) were estimated before starting treatment and after 3 and 6 months. There were small falls in serum cholesterol (significant at 3 months) and beta-lipoprotein EFI (significant at 6 months). Serum triglyceride and pre-beta-lipoprotein EFI rose significantly at both 3 and 6 months. Serum total phospholipid levels were reduced (significant at 6 months) with most marked changes in the sphingomyelin fraction. Other parameters were not significantly altered.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1976

A lipid and lipoprotein profile of treated and untreated diabetics.

A group of 149 diabetics and 98 healthy subjects without evidence of diabetes or ischaemic heart disease were studied. Untreated diabetics under 40 years old and 40 years of age and over showed statistically raised fasting serum turbidity, triglycerides, and raised beta and pre-beta lipoprotein levels but not raised cholesterol levels over the age and sex matched normal subjects. Further, some 63% of all diabetics showed a distinct split pre-beta lipoprotein pattern as seen on polyacrylamide disc electrolphoresis as compared with 17% in the control group. Raised lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were found in male diabetics and raised PE levels in young diabetic women. In patients under treatment with insulin, chlorpropamide, or phenformin the diabetes was well controlled in most cases, but these patients did not have significantly lower lipid levels. Diabetics on a low carbohydrate diet showed improvement in triglycerides and pre-beta lipoprotein levels, but beta lipoproteins were not lowered. It is suggested that diabetics may benefit by the inclusion of clofibrate in the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Use of clomiphene and luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone in investigation of ovulatory failure.

A luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) test was performed in 70 women with amenorrhoea or anovulatory infertility, or both, and a clomiphene stimulation test was also performed in 24 of these patients. Most patients responded to LH/FSH-RH with significant increases in LH and FSH. In women with gonadal dysgenesis or premature ovarian failure exaggerated responses were observed after LH/FSH-RH and there was no change in high basal LH levels after clomiphene. Patients with absent or impaired responses to LH/FSH-RH failed to respond to clomiphene. All patients with anovulatory menstrual cycles responded to both LH/FSH-RH and clomiphene, while seven out of 13 amenorrhoeic patients with a normal LH/FSH-RH response showed an early LH rise during clomiphene treatment and six were unresponsive. These results suggest a difference between the two groups at hypothalamic level with consequent therapeutic implications.

Adolescent↗