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Biomedical subjects

A J Davis

Publications and source records attributed to A J Davis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Canalization failure of the müllerian tract.

A patient is described with canalization failure of the müllerian system. This patient presented with primary amenorrhea and absence of the vagina. At the time of laparotomy, a uterus of normal size and shape was found with two small areas of canalization. This syndrome, associated with absence of the vagina, appears to result from a defect occurring later in development than does classical müllerian aplasia. Pathological examination of the patient's uterus supports the tenant that canalization begins after fusion and at various places along the line of fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Survival of hypertensive subjects identified on screening: results for sustained and unsustained diastolic hypertension.

Casual readings of blood pressure predict mortality and may reflect either the risk of sustained hypertension, additional components of 'white coat' hypertension or variable blood pressure. This study investigated mortality in 442 men and 360 women with a diastolic pressure (Phase IV) of 90 mmHg and over, unsustained on two subsequent monthly visits, followed for an average of 11 years and compared with a matched control cohort with an initial diastolic pressure (DBP) of less than 90 mmHg. Subjects were identified between 1975 and 1979 by screening 28,257 subjects aged 18-65 years on the lists of general practitioners in seven practices in the United Kingdom. Additionally, 912 men and 844 women with sustained hypertension (DBP > 90 mmHg on at least two out of three occasions) were identified and matched with normotensive controls. In men with sustained hypertension the relative risk (RR) for death from circulatory disease was 1.76, P < 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.21, 2.58 and in women 1.85, P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval 1.06, 3.24 respectively, while in men with unsustained hypertension the RR = 1.52, P = 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.81, 2.84. Few circulatory deaths occurred in women with transient hypertension or their controls (five and seven respectively). Despite the screening programme and further treatment, newly discovered subjects with sustained hypertension, both men and women, remain at high risk of cardiovascular mortality. The 95% confidence interval for men with transient hypertension does not exclude a similar adverse effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The young pioneers: first baccalaureate nursing students in the People's Republic of China.

Nursing in the People's Republic of China, like elsewhere, has undergone monumental changes during the 20th century. This paper focuses on one of those changes by examining the professional socialization process of the first class from the first baccalaureate in nursing (BSN) programme in China since 1952. These data from this first BSN class are part of a larger study on professional socialization in which data were collected from four of the recently established 11 BSN programmes in China. To put these data into a historical context, some highlights of Chinese nursing history are noted. These will help us to understand the present-day situation in this the world's most populous nation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gross and microscopic lesions of naturally occurring tuberculosis in a captive herd of wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in Colorado.

A Mycobacterium bovis-infected herd of captive wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in Colorado was depopulated after lesions of bovine tuberculosis were confirmed in 8 of 10 tuberculin skin test reactors. Of the 43 animals > 1 year of age, 26 had gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis, 24 had microscopic lesions of tuberculosis, and 23 had acid-fast bacilli associated with the lesions. Lungs and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were the most frequently affected sites. Most lesions grossly and microscopically resembled tuberculosis in cattle; however, some lesions resembled abscesses or ovine caseous lymphadenitis lesions. Special stains and immunohistochemical techniques labeled few to numerous mycobacteria associated with the lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

HLA-D--related (DRw) antigens in juvenile diabetes mellitus.

We studied the distribution of HLA-D--related (DRw) antigens in 40 patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus (JDM) and 79 matched controls. We found that DRw2 was significantly decreased in the JDM group, suggesting a protective effect of the antigen and that the decrease observed in B7 was secondary. HLA-DRw3 and HLA-DRw4 were increased in the diabetic group, and, as with B8/B15, these two antigen predisposed to the disease additively. The susceptibility for JDM was found to be more strongly related to HLA-DRw3 that to B8. On the other hand, B15 rather than DRw4 showed the stronger association with JDM. Moreover, we found that this second diabetogenic gene is associated primarily with B15 and only secondarily with Cw3, which is in linkage disequilibrium with B15. This study further emphasizes the immunogenetic heterogeneity of JDM.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1979

Changes in mammary function at the onset of lactation in the goat: correlation with hormonal changes.

1. Changes in mammary function and plasma hormone concentrations during late pregnancy and the onset of lactation have been studied in conscious goats.2. Mammary blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake increased markedly and significantly between 2 days and 0.5-1 day pre-partum.3. The increase in mammary glucose uptake was relatively greater than that of oxygen consumption or blood flow.4. The concentration of citrate in mammary secretion increased; the first significant change was apparent 0.5-1 day pre-partum but the main rise occurred after this time.5. It is concluded that the marked increase in mammary glucose uptake 0.5-1 day before parturition indicates the time of onset of copious milk secretion.6. The first significant increase in the concentration of unconjugated oestrogens in arterial plasma occurred 3 days pre-partum, whereas the first significant decrease in progesterone and increase in 13,14-dihydro-15-oxoprostaglandin F(2alpha) occurred 0.5-1 day pre-partum, thus coinciding with the mammary changes; there was also a peak in prolactin concentrations at the latter time.7. The hormonal changes are discussed in relation to current concepts of the initiation of parturition and the onset of copious milk secretion in this species. It is suggested that the fall in plasma progesterone concentrations triggers milk secretion at high rates.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The immune response of pigs to infection with the stomach worm Hyostrongylus rubidus (Hassall and Stiles, 1892). III. Effect of a primary infection on immunoglobulin-positive cell numbers.

An immunofluorescent study has been made of IgG, IgM and IgA in the stomach of uninfected minimal disease pigs and pigs infected with a single dose of 100,000 third stage infective Hyostrongylus rubidus larvae. Immunoglobulin-positive cells were present in both uninfected and infected animals. In infected animals both IgM and IgA immunocytes increased in numbers following infection and the numbers remained raised during the histotropic phase of worm development. No increase in IgG immunocyte numbers was noticed throughout the course of infection (100 days).

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1978

The association of HLA with juvenile diabetes mellitus in Newfoundland.

In view of the reported variation in the association between HLA antigens and Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus (J.D.M.) among different Caucasian populations, we have undertaken a study of these antigens among 44 Caucasian Newfoundlanders and 135 matched controls. We have also studied the allotypic markers for Immunoglobulin G (Gm) and variants of C3 among 36 of these patients. We found that both HLA--B8 and B15 were increased among the patient group, resulting in a relative risk of 3.9 and 4.4 respectively. While these values are the highest to be described for J.D.M. among Caucasians, and fell outside the 95% confidence intervals for the combined relative risk calculated from published series, it is still possible that they can be accounted for by sampling. The combination of the two antigens increased the relative risk for J.D.M. in an additive fashion. Additionally, we also found that the combination of HLA B8 and B18, but not B15 and B18, also appear to act in an additive manner. The incidence of Gm allotypes and variants of C3 were not different in the J.D.M. group from those observed among controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Body talk.

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Humans↗