Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A J Crisp

Publications and source records attributed to A J Crisp.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of intraluminal hydrocortisone on solute and water absorption in the human jejunum.

To compare the effects of intravenous and intraluminal hydrocortisone on jejunal transport, the proximal jejunum was perfused with glucose (28 mmol/l) in saline in two groups of normal subjects. In the first group of seven subjects, compared with the control period results there were no changes in sodium, water and glucose absorption during the intravenous administration of hydrocortisone. In contrast, intraluminal hydrocortisone (100 mg/l) increased sodium, water and glucose absorption by 169%, 223% and 81% respectively (P less than 0.001 in each case) above the control values, when peripheral plasma cortisol levels were similar to those achieved with intravenous hydrocortisone. In the second group of three subjects, intraluminal hydrocortisone (10 mg/l and 30 mg/l), followed by an intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone, had no effects on sodium, water and glucose absorption. In a third group of six normal subjects perfused with fructose (28 mmol/l) in saline and bicarbonate (28 mmol/l) in saline intraluminal hydrocortisone (100 mg/l) had no effect on solute and water absorption. These results suggest that intraluminal hydrocortisone stimulates glucose-coupled sodium transport by exerting a topical effect on the apical membrane of the jejunal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Heparin modulates intracellular cyclic AMP in human trabecular bone cells and adherent rheumatoid synovial cells.

Cells were cultured from explants of human trabecular bone excised from eight patients and incubated usually for 20 minutes with bovine parathyroid hormone, salmon calcitonin, prostaglandin E2, or heparin. The intracellular content of cyclic AMP was measured by radioimmunoassay and was significantly increased by parathyroid hormone in four, by calcitonin in two, by prostaglandin E2 in eight, and by heparin in seven out of eight cultures. In the two cultures containing calcitonin-responsive cells heparin inhibited the cyclic AMP response induced by calcitonin. Heparin did not affect the cyclic AMP response to parathyroid hormone or prostaglandin E2. Heparin also increased the cyclic AMP content of cultured adherent rheumatoid synovial cells. It is proposed that, in certain situations of focal pathological bone resorption, although concentrations of circulating hormones may be normal, the local release of products such as heparin may modify the effect of hormones which regulate connective tissue homoeostasis. local changes in hormone responses could contribute to the enhanced bone resorption associated with inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Combined treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis: effect on muscle function and a new radiological method for assessing trabecular bone.

Ten women presenting with at least two osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures were treated with alfacalcidol (one-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol), calcium lactogluconate, oestrogen and progestagen for 6 months. Significant improvements in the patient's assessment of pain, grip strength, walking and stair climbing times were found. These suggest that a sub-clinical myopathy may be a feature of osteoporosis. The role of combination treatment is discussed in depth. Radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spines revealed no further deterioration and there was no significant reduction in standing height. Microfocal radiographs of the hand showed no change in metacarpal cortical bone width. This novel technique allowed a qualitative assessment of trabecular bone in the distal metacarpal but no consistent effect of treatment was observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A system for culture of human trabecular bone and hormone response profiles of derived cells.

Specimens of human trabecular bone from II patients were processed for tissue culture. In 10 out of 11 samples both cellular and matrix outgrowths were noted at the surfaces of explanted fragments after the first week in culture. During the second week adherent cells extended beyond the margins of the bone fragments and appeared to replicate. Plates achieved confluence in 30-36 days and cells were subcultured. In passaged cells doubling times were 5-7 days. Six cell cultures were examined for the presence of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity employing histochemical techniques. All six cultures contained cells which stained positively for alkaline phosphatase (10-80%). A small number of cells in one culture demonstrated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. Responses to hormones known to regulate the biological activities of skeletal tissues were also tested. Intracellular cyclic AMP was significantly increased by parathyroid hormone in three cultures, by salmon calcitonin in three cultures and by prostaglandin E2 in all 10 cultures. All three hormones increased the cyclic AMP content of cells cultured from human periosteum. It is concluded that cells cultured by this method demonstrate biochemical and morphological characteristics consistent with a skeletal tissue origin. Furthermore, such an approach may permit isolation and further characterization of individual subpopulations of bone cells of human origin.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Failure of sodium aurothiomalate and triethyl phosphine gold to cause renal tubular injury in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for the aetiology of gold-related nephropathy.

The urinary excretion of two proteins, B-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Although beta 2M excretion was normal NAG excretion was raised. As NAG excretion by a group of osteoarthritis patients receiving similar doses of NSAIDs was normal, it is concluded that rheumatoid disease per se may be associated with mild renal tubular dysfunction. Twelve of the above 25 patients were then given oral triethylphosphine-gold (auranofin) 6 mg daily and urinary beta 2M and NAG were measured after 6 months' treatment. Urinary excretion of beta 2M and NAG was also measured in 13 patients with RA established on intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate (MGST) and NSAIDs. Neither auranofin nor myocrisin were found to further significantly increase beta 2M and NAG excretion. These results suggest that gold compounds are not toxic to renal tubular epithelium.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1983

The effect of hyperparathyroidism on the course of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis and primary hyperparathyroidism have been diagnosed in three patients. This is likely to represent the coincidence of two common diseases but the clinical features are discussed with particular reference to the presence and withdrawal of raised levels of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is argued that raised levels of PTH potentiate the effects of the rheumatoid disease on bone and joints. Other musculoskeletal features of hyperparathyroidism and the actions of PTH on bone are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Constrictive pericarditis and intestinal haemorrhage due to Whipple's disease.

Two months after a pericardectomy for constrictive pericarditis a 37-year-old man presented with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss. During the course of investigation he developed brisk rectal bleeding and emergency angiography revealed a bleeding site related to an area of abnormal vasculature in the caecum. At laparotomy, the small bowel was found to be inflamed and the mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged. The overall histological appearances, confirmed later on endoscopic duodenal biopsies, were those of Whipple's disease. His symptoms resolved promptly after starting tetracycline therapy. The clinical features of Whipple's disease are protean and often bizarre. We report here a case where the diagnosis was made after the onset of profuse rectal bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

beta 2 microglobulin plasma levels reflect disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Elevated plasma levels of beta 2 microglobulin have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but their relationship to disease activity is unclear. In patients treated for 6 months with auranofin (AF) there was a significant fall (p less than 0.05) in beta 2M levels pari passu with improvement in disease activity as measured by a fall in C-reactive protein. In addition, 26 patients with mild RA had beta 2M levels within the normal range. It is concluded that beta 2M plasma levels reflect disease activity in RA.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1982

Rheumatoid lung disease, pneumothorax, and eosinophilia.

Four cases of the triad of rheumatoid lung disease, spontaneous pneumothorax, and peripheral blood eosinophilia are reported. Cavitation of a rheumatoid lung nodule caused the pneumothorax in at least 1 case. The significance of eosinophilia and its value as a marker of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid disease are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Engelmann's disease of bone--a systemic disorder?

A patient with Engelmann's disease of bone (progressive diaphyseal dysplasia) also suffered from Raynaud's phenomenon, multiple nail fold infarcts, anaemia, leucopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Her mother, who also had this inherited bone disease, was known to have Raynaud's phenomenon, necrotising vasculitis, and digital gangrene. Review of other published cases of Engelmann's disease indicates that some of these features are not uncommon. It is argued that Engelmann's disease is not primarily a metabolic bone disease but may be a systemic disorder which might be included within the spectrum of the inflammatory connective tissue diseases. The beneficial effects of steroid treatment on both skeletal and systemic features are compatible with this view.

Adult↗