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Biomedical subjects

A J Carr

Publications and source records attributed to A J Carr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rupture of extensor tendons due to osteoarthritis of the distal radio-ulnar joint.

Extensor tendons ruptured in 12 patients as a result of osteoarthritis of the distal radio-ulnar joint. Rupture occurred without warning in ten cases and was sequential in five. Perforation of the dorsal capsule of the distal radio-ulnar joint, allowing contact between the roughened ulnar head and extensor tendons, was present in every case. The capsular performation was demonstrated by arthrography, which may be used to identify patients who are at risk of extensor tendon rupture. Loss of independent extension of the little finger is a valuable clinical sign because rupture of extensor digiti minimi may be masked by a powerful contribution from the extensor tendon of the ring finger.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The radiographic classification of medial gonarthrosis. Correlation with operation methods in 200 knees.

Ahlbäck's classification of gonarthrosis can be applied with improved precision by careful interpretation of anteroposterior varus stress and lateral radiographs of the knee. The tibial lesion in early gonarthrosis is located in the anterior and middle part of the medial plateau. In more advanced disease, when the anterior cruciate ligament is invariably damaged, the lesion extends to the posterior margin of the medial tibial plateau. We studied the preoperative radiographs of 200 knees with arthrosis. We were able to predict the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (and the use of unicompartmental arthroplasty) with 95 percent accuracy and rupture or damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (and the use of total condylar arthroplasty) with 100 percent accuracy. We believe that the Ahlbäck classification reflects the anatomic and pathologic progression of medial compartment gonarthrosis, and is of value in allowing more accurate comparisons to be made of different methods of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Segregation of structural collagen genes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown. The condition results in a characteristic deformity of the spine and surrounding tissues. Both Types I and II collagen are important constituents of the affected tissues, and thus defective collagens are reasonable candidates for the primary abnormality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Direct analyses of the amount and solubility of collagen have revealed differences between normal individuals and those with AIS. However, these changes may be secondary to the mechanical effects of the spinal deformity. Segregation analysis was done of genetic markers linked to the structural genes encoding Types I and II collagen to test these candidate loci in four pedigrees with dominantly inherited AIS. In one pedigree, markers linked to both of the Type I collagen loci (COL1A1 and COL1A2) were found to be inherited independently of the abnormal phenotype. Two pedigrees were discordant at one of the Type I loci. The condition also segregated independently of the locus for Type II collagen (COL2A1) in three pedigrees. This is evidence against idiopathic scoliosis generally being caused by mutations in the Types I and II collagen genes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of normal back shape measured by ISIS scanning.

Two hundred seventy-one school children aged 10-16 years and 72 normal adults aged 21-59 years were scanned by ISIS. Subjects with any evidence of scoliosis were excluded from the study. Characteristic ISIS parameters of back shape showed no statistically significant differences related to age or sex for the children. Back shape in both men and women was not significantly different from that of the children, except for kyphosis angles which were greater.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Familial back shape in adolescent scoliosis. A photogrammetric population study.

A stereophotogrammetric technique (ISIS scanning) was used to assess the back shape of children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (index cases), their unaffected relatives, normal adults and children, and children with small idiopathic scoliotic curves (Cobb's angle less than 30 degrees) to detect any familial trends that may predispose to scoliosis. The analysis revealed a characteristic three-dimensional scoliotic back shape; no differences in unaffected relatives as regards sex or a positive family history of scoliosis; similar back shapes in unaffected parents and normal adults, both of whom differ from index cases and children with small curves. Unaffected siblings had a sagittal profile between those of normal children and children with small curves. This may represent an inherited tendency to scoliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of breakdown of canavanyl proteins in Escherichia coli by growth conditions in lon+ and lon- cells.

In vivo rates of proteolysis of canavanyl proteins were compared in lon+ and lon- Escherichia coli strains following growth in a variety of media. Both lon+ and lon- cells grown rapidly in complex media possessed higher levels of constitutive degradative activity than when cultured in minimal media. Pre-growth of lon+ cells in the presence of canavanine induced proteolytic activity following growth in minimal media as did stress agents such as heat, alcohol and puromycin: the lon mutant did not show the increased activity following canavanine treatment. The results suggest the presence of a proteolytic activity which selectively degrades aberrant proteins which does not involve protease La, the product of the lon gene, and which furthermore is regulated in part by growth conditions independently of the stress response.

ATP-Dependent Proteases↗
PubMed1989

Acromioclavicular dislocation associated with fracture of the coracoid process.

Two cases of acromioclavicular dislocation associated with fracture of the coracoid process are described. This association is unusual and the coracoid fracture may only be recognised on an axillary radiograph of the shoulder. Both the cases were treated conservatively, with good results. The management and outcome of other cases described in the literature are reviewed and discussed.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1989

Correction of body height in scoliotic patients using ISIS scanning.

Measurement of height in scoliotic patients is complicated by changes in spinal shape in both the coronal and sagittal planes. A method is described by which these changes can be measured and compared with the shape of the normal spine, using an automated stereophotogrammetric technique (ISIS). The resultant height change may be of use in the prediction of respiratory function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The blood supply of the calcaneal tendon.

The microvascular anatomy of the calcaneal tendon was investigated in cadaver tendons by injection of barium sulphate and indian ink and a quantitative study of intratendinous blood supply was made, using a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a reduction in both the number and the mean relative area of vessels in the mid-section of the tendon. This area of reduced vascularity may be of significance in the pathogenesis of rupture.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1989

Surface stereophotogrammetry of thoracic kyphosis.

The thoracic kyphosis angles of 16 normal individuals, 10 patients with Scheuermann's disease and 11 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were measured both radiographically and from Integrated Shape Imaging System (ISIS) scans obtained by surface stereophotogrammetry. There was a high correlation between the two measures. The method of kyphosis measurement from ISIS scans was then used for 30 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent corrective surgery. A significant reduction in thoracic kyphosis was observed postoperatively. In another group of 28 patients managed conservatively by bracing, some hypokyphosis developed after treatment. However, we found no association between hypokyphosis and curve progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Back shape in brace treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.

This preliminary study has shown that bracing may improve the cosmetic appearance of a scoliotic back although the underlying curve remains unchanged. Thirty-two patients treated with the Boston brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were assessed both roentgenographically and by integrated shape imaging system scanning before and after treatment. The mean follow-up time was 16 months. Surface shape improved in 41% of the patients, whereas roentgenographic improvement occurred in only 9%. Roentgenographic measurements should, therefore, be considered in conjunction with corresponding surface shape measurements in the assessment of brace treatment of scoliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The blood supply of the osteocutaneous free fibular graft.

The use of an osteocutaneous free fibular graft as a single-stage reconstructive procedure for composite tissue loss is increasingly common. Detailed anatomical study in cadavers of the blood supply to the graft demonstrates cutaneous arteries arising from the peroneal artery and then passing along the posterior surface of the lateral intermuscular septum. These vessels pierce the crural fascia and then ramify to supply the skin. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the skin overlying the fibula is essential to the success of the graft.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Male choriocarcinoma of the spleen: a case report.

The success with treatment of extragonadal germ cell tumours is well recognized and emphasizes the need for an early diagnosis. In young men presenting with undifferentiated carcinoma a non-testicular germ cell tumour should be considered. We report a case of choriocarcinoma involving the spleen.

Adult↗