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Biomedical subjects

A J Capute

Publications and source records attributed to A J Capute.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Extrapyramidal cerebral palsy: a changing view.

Earlier surveys of cerebal palsy characterized patients with extrapyramidal (choreoathetoid) cerebral palsy as having little cognitive impairment and few associated deficits. Anoxia, which has now replaced neonatal hyperbilirubinemia as a major cause of this type of cerebral palsy, predictably produces a diffuse type of brain damage. Evaluations of children with extrapyramidal cerebral palsy seen in a pediatric habilitation center revealed high incidences of mental retardation, epilepsy, and other associated deficits. These findings have implications for the management and habilitation of children with extrapyramidal cerebral palsy.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1982

A prospective study of three postural reactions.

In order to assess the evolution of postural reactions in the prone position, a group of 149 normal infants were followed from birth to two years of age. The Landau reflex was present in 44 per cent of two-month-old infants, and in 95 per cent at four months. The tonic labyrinthine response (grades 2 to 4) was seen in 80 per cent of infants at two weeks, with a marked diminution by the age of 24 months. In contrast, the symmetrical tonic neck reflex was detected in fewer than 30 per cent of the infants: the maximum prevalence was at four to six months of age. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the Landau is an early righting reflex which emerges after, and is independent of, the tonic labyrinthine response in prone and the symmetrical tonic neck reflex.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Motor functions: associated primitive reflex profiles.

The results of reflex/motor activity interactions in 177 normal infants are evaluated. The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, tonic labyrinthine reflex-supine, and Moro reflexes were assessed for each child at birth and at intervals up to 12 months. Ages of rolling prone to supine, rolling supine to prone, and sitting alone were elicited from parents. The effects of the primitive reflexes on early motor activity were assessed, and statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between decreased reflex activity and the emergence of motor milestones. The distinctive association of reflex activity with motor function suggests the interaction of several reflexes (a primitive reflex profile) rather than the influence of isolated reflex activity. Such patterns support the hypothesis that decreasing primitive reflex activity is associated with the onset of volitional motor activity in normal infants.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMed1981

Spectrum of developmental disabilities: continuum of motor dysfunction.

The spectrum of developmental disabilities encompasses a diverse group of interrelated disorders with multiple manifestations resulting from brain dysfunction. Motor disability has been highlighted, as it is the most frequent presenting sign of developmental disability. Such disability may vary from severe to minimal. Severe disability, or cerebral palsy, is well appreciated, as are the additional associated disabilities that affect habilitation. Mild to minimal motor disability (mild to minimal cerebral palsy), because it is usually nonhandicapping, is less frequently appreciated as a marker of brain dysfunction. Further delineation of the child's nonmotor abilities is necessary in order to define the scope of the disability. Cognitive limitation is not an important cause for the gross motor delay seen in children with mental retardation. It is our postulation that the motor deficit is on the basis of mild to minimal cerebral palsy. This diagnosis is frequently obscured by the mental retardation.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

A pediatric overview of the spectrum of developmental disabilities.

The developmental disabilities are specific diagnoses on a spectrum of chronic neurologic handicaps. Complete diagnosis and habilitation planning demands awareness of the underlying continuum of cerebral dysfunction common to all the disabilities. Careful attention to this continuum can result in the recognition of critically important associated deficits. Developmental dissociation is a useful developmental phenomenon in the early diagnosis of a particular disability. Developmental deviancy is an aid in early detection of milder disabilities or associated deficits. Professionals familiar with the entire spectrum are necessary to provide optimal care for developmentally disabled children.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1980

Dyslexia: initial assessment and outcome.

The initial multidisciplinary evaluations on 40 dyslexic children were reviewed in an attempt to identify factors which might favor a positive outcome from educational remediation. The children manifested a high incidence of dysarticulation, impaired auditory discrimination and visual motor perceptual delays. All of the subjects exhibited progress at a constant rate (reading quotient) while enrolled in a full-time remedial program for dyslexic children. Factors predictive of significant improvements could not be identified. The hypothesis that brighter dyslexic children improve more in a remedial setting was not supported. Initial mathematics quotients, however, were higher and demonstrated more improvement than initial reading quotients in all groups. Implications for educational policy and pediatric practice are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1979

Factors affecting walking in a profoundly retarded population.

A total of 127 children with profound mental retardation were reviewed to determine the age at which walking began. 53 per cent of the children walked at a median age of 30 months. Further sub-classification revealed that both the number of ambulatory children and their age at walking varied with degree of neurological handicap, children with additional neurological problems having a higher median age for beginning to walk. The minimal cognitive level required for walking remains unknown, but is probably less than generally accepted. In this profoundly retarded population, the existence of neurological factors was associated with both increased age at walking and with decreased ability to walk.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1978

Primitive reflex profile. A pilot study.

Seven primitive reflexes used by physical and occupational therapists in evaluating children with cerebral palsy were each graded on a 0 to 4+ scale to constitute a Primitive Reflex Profile. The reflexes studied were the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, the symmetrical tonic neck reflex, the tonic labyrinthine reflex, the positive support reflex, the derotational righting reflex, the Moro reflex, and the Galant reflex. The Primitive Reflex Profile was studied in 53 cerebral palsied patients to assess both the feasibility of its administration and its usefulness in discriminating functional levels of ambulation. The Primitive Reflex Profile was administered by at least two members of a team consisting of four pediatric developmentalists and two physical therapists. In using this instrument, the extreme functional groups were clearly defined and showed the expected overlap with the intermediate classification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Linguistic and auditory milestones during the first two years of life: a language inventory for the practitioner.

Although language is recognized as one of the best predictors of development, the lack of a simple evaluation tool has contributed to the general pediatrician's unfamiliarity with linguistic milestones. Here described is a 32-item instrument for the recording and assessment by the practicing pediatrician of language milestones during the first two years of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Progressive quadriparesis, mental retardation, retinitis pigmentosa, and hearing loss: report of two sibs.

Three- and four-year-old brothers, ostensibly with a nonprogressive spastic quadriparesis, had retinitis pigmentosa and mental retardation. One had clinical deafness. The brothers showed little developmental progress in infancy and exhibited deterioration in childhood. Known metabolic and acquired causes were excluded. Although they have some features of several other syndromes,the condition reported here is unique.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Hyperpipecolic acidemia associated with hepatomegaly, mental retardation, optic nerve dysplasia and progressive neurological disease.

A male infant with hyperpipecolic acidemia is described. To our knowledge this is only the second report of this disorder. As with the previous case, our patient's course was characterized by persistent hepatomegaly, severe mental retardation, progressive loss of developmental milestones and diminished visual acuity associated with nystagmus, abnormal discs and retinal changes. Death occurred at 2 years of age, following a progressive loss of neurological function. Pipecolic acid was repeatedly present in the serum at a concentrattion of 4-5 mg %. Trace amounts of this compound were also detected in the urine. In addition, an adaption of the method of Piez et al. (1956) for the direct quantitation of pipecolic acid in serum was evaluated and found to be very useful for the biochemical diagnosis of this disorder.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1975

Infantile autism. I: A prospective study of the diagnosis.

A prospective study was made of 200 consecutive children to evaluate the usefulness in the diagnosis of infantile autism of the behavioral scale reported by Clancy and coworkers in 1969. On this scale seven or more of 14 behavioral manifestations must be present before a diagnosis of autism can be made. Using this scale alone, 48 of the 200 children studied were "scale positive", i.e. could be considered autistic. However, further study of this group showed that only one child fulfilled the classical criteria of Kanner (1943) for a diagnosis of early infantile autism. Scale "positivity" was found to correlate with mental retardation and to be associated with other developmental defects, especially learning disorders and hearing loss.

Adolescent↗