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Biomedical subjects

A J Ball

Publications and source records attributed to A J Ball.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

"Honeymoon" cystitis: a simple surgical cure.

Post-coital cystitis was treated by an advancement urethroplasty in 41 patients. Twenty-eight patients were either cured or obtained significant relief of symptoms. These encouraging results indicate that a urethroplasty should be considered in suitable cases when conservative methods of treatment have failed, and especially in patients whose urethral meatus lies in an intravaginal position.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The natural history of untreated "prostatism".

One hundred and seven patients with symptoms of prostatic obstruction in whom prostatectomy was not clinically indicated were reviewed after an interval of 5 years. Ten had subsequently required surgery and 97 remained untreated. In the majority, symptoms did not worsen and only 2 developed acute retention. Urodynamic studies, where repeated, showed little change. Although there was no certain indicator or progression, a flow rate measurement could identify the patients at risk of clinical deterioration sufficient to require surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Intra-incisional cephaloridine: a comparison of two methods of administration.

Serum cephaloridine concentrations were measured in the immediate post-operative period in 23 patients who had received a prophylactic dose of 1 g of the drug into the wound at the end of operation. Eleven patients received the antibiotic as a powder and 12 as a solution. The serum concentrations were higher, though not significantly so, in the group receiving powder, and this is thought to be due to the lesser amount of spillage and loss into dressings when the antibiotic is given in this form.

Cephaloridine↗
PubMed1977

Glucosamine resistance in yeast. II. Cytoplasmic determinants conferring resistance.

Two cytoplasmic, glucosamine resistant (GR) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GR6 and GR10, were crossed to strains bearing known mitochondrial markers. Analysis of vegetative and meiotic segregation patterns in these crosses suggested that the glucosamine resistance conferring factor did not reside on mitDNA. This was confirmed by ethidium bromide treatments which completely abolished oligomycin resistance due to a mitochondrial mutation at the OL12 locus but which failed to eliminate the GR factor present in the same strain. Comparison of GR6 and GR10 to some other known cytoplasmic determinants suggested that while glucosamine resistance is not related to the killer plasmid it may be allelic to the URE3 determinant and/or to the PSI factor.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1977

Routine laboratory assessment of postoperative chest infection: a prospective study.

Postoperative chest infection was studied prospectively in 73 patients in order to evaluate standard laboratory methods of sputum examination and to relate the results to the patients' clinical state and to antibiotic therapy. When a culture medium selective for haemophilus was used in addition to unselective media, homogenisation of the specimen gave no advantage. Laboratory and clinical findings usually corresponded well. Profuse growths of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae were clearly associated with clinical evidence of chest infection but other Gramnegative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus much less so. Coliforms were more prominent after antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Glucosamine resistance in yeast. I. A preliminary genetic analysis.

Mutants of the yeast Saccaromyces cerevisiae which can grow on glycerol medium in the presence of 0.05% D (+) glucosamine have been isolated. Genetic analysis of 13 of these glucosamine resistant (GR) mutants demonstrated two modes of inheritance. One group of mutants (GR 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) gave results characteristic of non-Mendelian inheritance and it is suggested that these mutants represent one or more new mitochondial loci. Four of the remaining mutants showed clear-cut Mendelian inheritance. These mutants fell into two complementation groups and subsequent mapping experiments demonstrated that two independent loci, gay 1 and gay 2, unlinked to each other or to the centromeres of chromosomes I, II, IV, VIII or IX, were responsible for conferring glucosamine resistance in these mutants.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1975

The biogenesis of mitochondrial membranes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Membrane lipids of yeast mitochondria have been enriched by growing yeast cells in minimal medium supplemented with specific unsaturated fatty acids as the sole lipid supplement. Using the activity of marker enzymes for the outer (kynurenine hydroxylase) and inner (cytochrome c oxidase and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase) mitochondrial membranes, Arrhenius plots have been constructed using both promitochondria and mitochondria obtained from O2-adapting cells in the presence of a second unsaturated fatty acid (i.e. linoleate (N2) to elaidic (O2)). Transition temperatures which reflect the unsaturated fatty acid enrichment of the new membranes reveal interesting features involved in the mechanism of the assembly of these two mitochondrial membranes. This approach was further enforced with both lipid depletion and mitochondrial protein inhibition studies. Kynurenine hydroxylase which does not require fatty acid for its continued synthesis during aerobiosis seems to be incorporated into the preformed linoleate-anaerobic outer membrane. The newly synthesized activities of inner mitochondrial membrane enzymes on the other hand, appear to integrate their activity into newly formed aerobic-elaidic-rich inner membrane. These latter enzymes show a distinct dependence on fatty acid supplement for their continued synthesis during their aerobic phase. This suggests that O2-dependent proteo-lipid precursors are formed before these enzymes are integrated into their membrane mosaic. Two separate models are proposed to explain these results, one for the lipid-rich outer mitochondrial membrane and another for the protein-rich inner mitochondrial membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1975

Aerobic adaptation in yeast. II. Changes in enzyme profiles during a step-down anaerobic-aerobic transfer.

The levels of various enzymes and components of the glycolytic and respiratory pathways of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been determined during a step-down, anaerobic-to-aerobic transition. These activities were determined as an adjunct to the respective metabolite data reported in the first paper in this series. It is clear from the data that anaerobic conditions induce an environment conducive to express glycolytic enzyme activities, while manifesting a differential induction/repression effect on oxidative enzymes. An NAD/NADH mediated mechanism is proposed to explain this difference. Of the enzymes assayed only cytochrome c oxidase shows any direct response to oxygen challenge and consequently it is suggested that the assembly of this enzyme is the trigger mechanism and rate-limiting step in aerobic adaptation.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Aerobic adaptation in yeast. III. Changes in metabolic intermediates during anaerobic-aerobic transitions in exponentially growing cultures.

The changes in mechanism of control and in the mode of metabolism which yeast cells undergo when an anaerobic-aerobic transition is imposed on them has received much attention. One experimental approach to this type of investigation has been a step-down transition. The data from our experiments (cf. papers I and II of this series) has shown that this model is too complex to arrive at meaningful interpretation. We therefore repeated these measurements of glycolytic and citric acid cycle metabolites in cells growing on either glucose or galactose media and exposed to exponential N2 yields 02 transitions. This type of experiment is designed to examine directly the effect of oxygen challenge. Interpretation of this new data shows that the major metabolic control operating in the two hexose cultures are different and suggests that adenine nucleotide controls glucose cells whereas galactose cell metabolism is controlled by the NAD/NADH balance. This concept is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1975

Aerobic adaptation in yeast, IV. Alterations in enzyme synthesis during anaerobic-aerobic transitions in exponentially growing cultures.

As a corollary to the metabolite data obtained from yeast cultures undergoing an exponential anaerobic-aerobic phase transition, levels of various glycolytic and citric acid cycle enzyme activities have been monitored in these cells. The relation of the changes in these enzyme activities in cells grown on either glucose or galactose is discussed on light of different metabolic postures these cells demonstrate as a result of their transitions. A general discussion is presented which compares the results obtained in this series of papers from both step-down and exponential transfer experiments and relates these data to control of mitochondriogenesis in yeast.

Aerobiosis↗