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Biomedical subjects

A Ito

Publications and source records attributed to A Ito.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Prevention of alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury by prostaglandin E-1].

Effects of ethanol and prostaglandin on the glycoprotein synthesis in the gastric mucus cells have been evaluated. The rat gastric mucosal cell were subjected to a short-term tissue culture in the presence of ethanol and prostaglandin E2 (Ornoprostil), using [3H]-proline, [3H]-palmitic acid, [3H]-galactosamine. Low concentration of ethanol (0.05-0.01 M) stimulated the glycoprotein synthesis, but higher concentration of ethanol (0.5-1.5 M) caused a marked reduction in the glycoprotein synthesis. Addition of prostaglandin E2, especially addition of prostaglandin prior to ethanol treatment, has improved the glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in the presence of ethanol. It was suggested that addition of prostaglandin resulted in the stabilization of the synthesis and secretion of the mucus glycoprotein in the presence of ethanol.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1990

A longitudinal study of obesity in Japan: relationship of body habitus between at birth and at age 17.

To clarify the relationship between body habitus from birth to adolescence, changes in weight and height of 309 boys and 335 girls were observed at birth, 3, 6, 11, 14 and 17 years old. Body mass index (BMI = W/H2) was calculated to estimate their habitus at birth, 3 and 17 years, and Rohrer index (W/H3) was used for 6, 11 and 14 years habitus. We define the children in the top decile as obese and those in the bottom decile as lean. Among girls obesity at 17 years old is already related to habitus at birth, while among boys it is related to habitus at 3 years old. Based on these results, we tentatively recommend that prevention of obesity should start as early as possible, at the least from 3 years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Statistical study on the rate of participation of alcohol ingestion with homicides autopsied at our department].

We determined the blood alcohol levels in 257 homicide cases investigated by our Department of Legal Medicine from 1978 to 1988; these levels were statistically analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) A high incidence of death by homicide was observed in males in their 40's, but for the over 60's there was a significantly larger incidence in females. The common means of death was by stab or blunt wounds resulting in hemorrhaging in males, whereas among females ligature strangulation was common. 2) Among those committing homicide by cut wounds in males, the alcohol detection rate was high, while among females stab wounds were common. 3) A high incidence occurred from 10:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m.; victims during the day (from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.) were usually females. The alcohol detection rate was high in cases which occurred at about midnight. 4) Homicides at home particularly occurred among females, while victims of the street were usually male. The alcohol detection rate was 39.6% in cases at home and 55.8% in cases on the street. 5) The overall alcohol concentrations demonstrated were relatively higher for males than for females, but the blood alcohol levels were higher for females. The most frequent cases were wounds caused by blunt instruments resulting in hemorrhagic death in the 30-49 year group of both sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Histological findings of patch tests with dermatofagoides antigens in atopic dermatitis of the adult type].

Patch testing with Dermatophagoides antigens, mite antigens, and fecal antigens of mites was performed on 34 cases of atopic dermatitis of the adult type. The fecal antigens induced positive reactions more frequently than mice antigens in patients with higher scores of IgE RAST (score 4). Histologically, the positive reaction showed mild perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and edema in the papillary dermis at 24 hours after the patch test. The lymphocytic infiltration became more prominent and was intermingled by eosinophils at 48 hours. The epidermis showed mild intercellular edema. Eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated into the epidermis to form spongiotic bulla at 72 hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Purification and properties of glutathione S-transferase from outer mitochondrial membrane of rat liver.

Glutathione S-transferase located in outer mitochondrial membrane was purified from rat liver into homogeneous state on SDS-PAGE by two steps of chromatography. Outer mitochondrial membrane glutathione S-transferase was immunochemically related with microsomal glutathione S-transferase and shared similar characteristics each other, e.g., stimulation of the activity by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, molecular weight, optimal pH, substrate specificities, glutathione peroxidase activity, kinetic parameters, amino acid composition and profile of peptide mapping by protease.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of adult type atopic dermatitis (AD) with bacterial vaccine prepared from individual cases (I)--Clinical study].

Bacteria on the skin surface are well known to be one of the precipitating factors of AD. We have treated 68 severe cases of adult type AD with bacterial vaccines prepared for individual cases. Bacteria were collected from lesional skin of each individual and cultured. More than 50% of cases (36/68) showed improvement clearly. Five out of 9 cases without topical steroid showed good response to this treatment. In regard to its clinical response it is suggested that the treatment should be continued for at least 1-2 years, because these cases treated for less than 1 year have high risk of recurrence. Five cases responded excellent showed complete remission of dermatitis for 10 months to 2 years after stopping of this treatment. These results suggest that bacterial vaccine can be beneficial for the treatment of severe cases of adult type AD, which did not respond to other therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Subcellular distribution of N-ethylmaleimide-stimulatable glutathione S-transferase activity in rat liver. Evidence of localization of glutathione S-transferase in peroxisomal membrane.

Subcellular distribution of glutathione S-transferase activity was investigated as stimulated form by N-ethylmaleimide in rat liver. The stimulated glutathione S-transferase activity was localized in mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions besides microsomes. Among N-ethylmaleimide-treated submitochondrial fractions, glutathione S-transferase activity was stimulated only in outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. In lysosomal fraction, it was suggested that glutathione S-transferase activity in peroxisomes, which is immunochemically related to microsomal transferase, was also stimulated, but not in lysosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for a second isoform of the catalytic subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin A).

We have used a previously characterized rat cDNA clone for the catalytic (A) subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin), which we designated A alpha, to isolate cDNA clones coding for a second isoform of the A subunit, A beta. The A beta cDNA encodes a protein of 525 amino acids that is 81% identical with A alpha. The N-terminal region is dissimilar and contains a characteristic proline-rich sequence. The region homologous to protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (region between residues 87 and 338, 91% identical) and the calmodulin binding domain (region between residues 401 and 424, 96% identical) are highly conserved. The presence of two genes coding for calcineurin A suggests the possibility of important functional differences in the two enzymes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The complete primary structure of calcineurin A, a calmodulin binding protein homologous with protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding the catalytic subunit of calcineurin (calcineurin A) has been isolated from a rat brain cDNA library. The primary structure of the cDNA consists of 2,337 nucleotides including the entire coding region for 521 amino acids, and the calculated molecular mass is 58,643 Da. The calcineurin A is strikingly homologous to protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, approximately 50% of the amino acids over an internal 250-residue region between residues 78 and 329 being identical. Twenty four amino acid-residue region between residues 391 and 414 shows the consensus structural features for a calmodulin-binding domain. These data suggest that the allosteric character of this chimeric enzyme is generated by gene fusion of two separate protein families.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Activation of type I cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases is impaired by a point mutation in cyclic AMP binding sites.

The type I regulatory (R-I) subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) was expressed in E. coli, and a single amino acid substitution in cyclic AMP binding sites A or B was introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The cyclic AMP binding activity and cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphotransferase activity of the holoenzymes formed by wild-type or mutant R-Is and the purified bovine catalytic subunit of A-kinase were then examined. The wild-type holoenzyme was activated by low concentrations of cyclic AMP, a finding in accord with its high-affinity binding to cyclic AMP. In contrast, although the two mutant holoenzymes showed high-affinity cyclic AMP binding at their non-mutated sites, both holoenzymes were resistant to activation by cyclic AMP. Thus, binding of cyclic AMP to the non-mutated cyclic AMP binding site is not sufficient to dissociate the catalytic subunit from the mutant R-Is upon cyclic AMP binding. These results suggest that both A and B cyclic AMP binding sites are required for efficient coupling between cyclic AMP binding and activation of the enzyme.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1989

Calmodulin regulates the interleukin 1-induced procollagenase production in human uterine cervical fibroblasts.

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) stimulates the synthesis of collagenase in human uterine cervical fibroblasts. This inductive effect of IL-1 on collagenase production was augmented by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin, in a dose-dependent manner. The apparent collagenase activity observed in the culture medium of the cells treated with IL-1 and 40 microM W-7 was about three times higher than that produced by the cells treated with IL-1 alone. The immunoblotting with the specific antibody against human collagenase showed that the increased collagenase activity resulted from the accelerated biosynthesis of collagenase. Another calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, enhanced the effect of IL-1 on collagenase production similarly. However, the effect of N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, the weakest inhibitor of calmodulin, was negligible. These results suggest that W-7 enhances the collagenase production by specifically inhibiting calmodulin and that calmodulin may act as a suppressor of the IL-1-induced collagenase production in human uterine cervical fibroblasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha increases biosynthesis of collagenase and hyaluronic acid in cultured human chorionic cells.

The influence of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (hrIL-1) on biosynthesis of collagenase and glycosaminoglycans was investigated with fibroblast-like cells of human chorionic membrane. hrIL-1 stimulated cells to produce procollagenase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it similarly accelerated both biosynthesis and secretion of hyaluronic acid in chorionic cells, but did not modulate the biosynthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the relative concentration of hyaluronic acid vs total glycosaminoglycans increased significantly. These results are connected with the decrease in tensile strength observed in ruptured fetal membranes. Thus, it is proposed that IL-1 from effused leukocytes in fetal membranes plays an important role in connective tissue metabolism, especially in premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of a processing protease from rat liver mitochondria.

A processing protease has been purified from the matrix fraction of rat liver mitochondria. The purified protease contained two protein subunits of 55 kd (P-55) and 52 kd (P-52) as determined by SDS-PAGE. The processing protease was estimated to be 105 kd in gel filtration, indicating that the two protein subunits form a heterodimeric complex. At high ionic conditions, the two subunits dissociated. The purified processing protease cleaved several mitochondrial protein precursors destined to different mitochondrial compartments, including adrenodoxin, malate dehydrogenase, P-450(SCC) and P-450(11 beta), but the processing efficiencies were different each other. The endoprotease nature of the processing protease was confirmed with the purified enzyme using adrenodoxin precursor as the substrate; both the mature form and the extension peptide were detected after the processing. The processing activity of the protease was inhibited by metal chelators, and reactivated by Mn2+, indicating that the protease is a metalloprotease.

Adrenodoxin↗