Effects of cyclosporin A, FK506 and steroid hormones on hair growth.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Ishino
Publications and source records attributed to A Ishino.
Progressive decrease in hair diameter in Japanese with male pattern baldness.
Fifty-six Japanese with male pattern baldness were evaluated for changes in their hair diameters over three years. The mean hair diameter significantly decreased each year. The average decrease was 1.1 microns per year. Although the percentage of vellus hair increased by 3.6% over three years, this increase rate was lower than that found in Caucasians. To precisely examine the change in hair diameter, the mean distribution of this diameter was investigated. At the beginning of the study, clear peaks were observed at 95 microns in the twenties and 45 microns in the fifties. The number of thicker hairs decreased and the high frequency peak shifted to a thinner hair diameter over 3 years. To quantify the change in the distribution of hair diameter, the percentage of hairs of more than 60 microns was examined. There was a statistically significant 5.61% decrease in the percentage of hairs with a diameter of more than 60 microns over three years. Our findings suggest that the progression of male pattern baldness in Japanese is slower than that of Caucasians and that the percentage of hairs of more than 60 microns is a sensitive index to evaluate the progression of male pattern baldness and the effects of hair growth or hair loss preventive agents.
Adult↗
Quantitative evaluations of male pattern baldness.
Several methods for the evaluation of hair growth have been reported; however, none of the hitherto reported methods are satisfactory as unbiased double blind studies to evaluate the efficacy of hair growth agents. In the present paper, we describe quantitative evaluation methods for hair growth by measuring the anagen ratio and hair diameters in 56 Japanese subjects aged 23-56 for 3 years. The average anagen ratio decreased by 3.8% in 3 years. The average hair diameters showed a statistically significant decrease each year totalling 3.4 microns. Subjects were sorted according to their anagen ratio into 4 groups. Each group showed different distribution patterns of hair diameters. The higher anagen ratio group has a high frequency peak at thicker hair diameters and the lower anagen ratio group has a high frequency peak at thinner hair diameters. The number of thicker hairs decreased and the high frequency peak shifted to thinner hair diameters in 3 years. These methods are useful to evaluate both the progression of male pattern baldness and the effects of hair growth agents with double blind studies in an unbiased quantitative fashion.
Adult↗
Effect of anticancer drugs, metals and antioxidants on cytotoxic activity of epigallocatechin gallate.
Various modulation factors for the cytotoxic action of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against two human oral tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSG) were investigated. Three anticancer drugs (tamoxifen, sulindac, doxorubicin), two metals (CuCl2, FeCl3) and two antioxidants (sodium ascorbate, tiopronin) did not significantly affect the cytotoxic activity of EGCG, Catalase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine only marginally reduced the cytotoxic activity of EGCG. On the other hand, CoCl2 significantly protected the cell injury induced by EGCG. This suggests that the site of EGCG action might be intracellular rather than extracellular. Possible involvement of the expression of transcription factor (s) for EGCG-induced cytotoxicity is discussed.
Acetylcysteine↗
Inhibition of epigallocatechin gallate-induced apoptosis by CoCl2 in human oral tumor cell lines.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) induced apoptotic cell death in two human oral tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSG), as judged by TUNEL method which detects DNA nick. Furthermore, the cytoplasm of EGCG-treated HSG cells was stained by M30 monoclonal antibody, which detects the degradation product of cytokeratin by activated caspase. The apoptosis-inducing activity of EGCG was significantly reduced by millimolar concentrations of CoCl2. CoCl2 also inhibited the cytotoxic activity of sodium ascorbate, gallic acid and curcumin, but not that of sodium-5, 6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate (SBA). This suggests that SBA, an antitumor agent, induces cell death by a different mechanism from that of other antioxidants used in this study. The possible role of CoCl2 for cell survival was discussed.
Antioxidants↗
Induction of apoptosis by dopamine in human oral tumor cell lines.
Dopamine dose-dependently reduced the viable cell number of both human salivary gland tumor HSG and oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-4, and NA cells. CoCl2 significantly reduced both the cytotoxic activity and radical intensity of dopamine (determined by ESR spectroscopy). Dopamine produced DNA fragments (demonstrated by TUNEL method) and induced degradation of cytokeratin by activated caspase in HSG cells (detected by an immunocytochemical method, using a specific M30 monoclonal antibody). FACS analysis demonstrated that dopamine induced DNA fragmentation, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. The addition of catalase did not prevent the apoptosis-inducing activity of dopamine, reducing the possibility of the involvement of H2O2 for dopamine-induced apoptosis. Dopamine transiently induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) phosphorylation. However, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, SB203680, failed to inhibit the dopamine-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that p38 phosphorylation at an early stage may not be a causative event for apoptosis.
Apoptosis↗