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Biomedical subjects

A Innes

Publications and source records attributed to A Innes.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The alloantibody response to semiallogeneic pregnancy in the rat. I. Alloantibodies in sera and placental eluates directed to RT1A antigens.

Maternal alloantibodies to paternal cells were monitored by cellular ELISA, the indirect hemagglutination and erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibition assays in sera and placental eluates from primigravid and multigravid inbred rats. In primigravid animals, antibodies in sera were routinely detected only by the indirect hemagglutination assay and were of low titer; weak antibody activity was detectable only by indirect hemagglutination in 1 of the 8 placental eluates assayed from these animals. Alloantibodies in high titer were present in sera and placental eluates from multigravid rats and were found to be directed predominantly to the RT1A (class I MHC) antigens of the paternal strain. These data provide no support for the hypothesis that the difficulty in detecting maternal antibodies during a 1st pregnancy is due to their preferential binding to antigenic determinants expressed on the placenta.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Human placenta--an antibody sponge?

Maternal IgG antibodies in sera and placenta eluates were studied by a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) method. Antibodies were not detectable in any of the serum samples obtained before or after delivery from nine normal primigravid women. Antibody activity was, however, present in five of nine placental eluates and two of nine neonatal sera tested in CELISA. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were not detected in any of the samples tested. These results support the concept that the absence of antibody activity in maternal sera may be caused by the immunosorbent effect of the placenta.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Antiidiotypic activity in sera from sensitised potential transplant recipients.

Antiidiotypic activity was determined in non-cytotoxic sera from highly sensitised dialysis patients who previously possessed broad-spectrum lymphocytotoxic antibodies. At least four non-cytotoxic sera from six transfused patients were tested in the short antiidiotypic antibody assay against lymphocytes known to be lysed by cytotoxic sera from the same patient. Of 87 sera/cell combinations studied, antiidiotypic activity was detected in 42 (48%). Antiidiotypic activity was present in IgG fractions and F(ab')2 fragments of two active sera. These results indicate that non-cytotoxic sera from patients who were once highly sensitised possess antiidiotypic activity. Fluctuating levels of lymphocytotoxic antibodies frequently encountered in sera from dialysis patients may be explained at least in part by the development of antiidiotypic antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effect of dietary protein restriction on high dose gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

Gentamicin (120 mg/kg/day) was administered for 10 days to Sprague-Dawley rats given either a low (5% w/w) or normal (18% w/w) protein diet. Serum protein concentrations remained normal in all rats during the study. Nephrotoxicity was slightly less severe in rats fed a low protein diet as shown by: (i) a mean creatinine clearance rate (14 +/- 4 ml/min) which was significantly greater than that (8 +/- 3 ml/min) recorded from the rats maintained on the normal diet (P less than 0.05); (ii) lower activities of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG); and (iii) less marked histological changes. Mean tissue concentrations of gentamicin were considerably lower in both renal cortex and medulla from rats maintained on the low protein diet than from those animals on the normal diet (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). These differences were, however, not reflected in the mean trough serum gentamicin concentrations which were not significantly different between the two groups. These results are discussed in relation to the proposed mechanisms involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

Maternal alloantibody responses during early pregnancy detected by a cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay.

Using a cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA), we have examined sera from nulliparous women and women in the first trimester of a first or subsequent pregnancy for the presence of antibodies directed to surface determinants on peripheral blood lymphocytes from unrelated donors. Maternal antibody activity was found in sera from 1/13 nulliparae, 19/37 primigravidae, and 8/12 multigravidae. Cytotoxic antibody activity was present in 3/12 multigravidae but in no other group. Absorption with packed, pooled platelets did not remove the antibody activity from three of the primigravid sera; unabsorbed sera, however, bound equally well to T and B lymphocytes. These data suggest that the antibody detected by CELISA is not directed to any of the classical HLA antigen series (-A, -B, -C, or -DR) but may be directed to the HLA linked non-class I HT antigen system.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1986

Identification of HLA-linked antigens by pregnancy-associated non-cytotoxic alloantisera.

Non-cytotoxic sera obtained from post-partum primiparous and multiparous women were examined by a rosette inhibition technique for the presence of antibodies mediating blockade of human B lymphocyte Fc receptors. Selective activity was demonstrated against a panel of normal human B lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). A pattern of specific activity was found in sera and in their IgG fractions, which was not accounted for by antibodies directed to known HLA-A, -B or -DR antigens. Several sera were identified with selective activity in this assay. As the results of testing sera in a direct binding assay correlated with those of the EA inhibition assay, and since EA inhibitory activity occurred in F(ab')2 fractions of sera, it is possible that these non-cytotoxic antibodies bind directly to B cell surface antigens. Sera may therefore have been identified which possess antibodies to hitherto undefined HLA antigens.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

Cefuroxime in CMW bone cement. A clinical study.

This paper presents the results of adding the antibiotic cefuroxime to CMW bone cement in a group of patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement, in which the levels of cefuroxime were assayed in the blood, wound drainage fluid, urine and surplus bone cement. It was found that very small amounts of cefuroxime, less than 5%, were recovered in the urine, serum and drainage fluid in the first week following operation, and since it is known that cefuroxime is not metabolised or excreted elsewhere in the body, it must follow that approximately 95% remains in the bone cement as a potential source of prophylaxis against infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The value of Tc-DTPA transit times and NMR T1 measurements in monitoring the progress of renal transplants.

The value of 99Tcm-DPTA transit times and NMR T1 measurements in monitoring the progress of renal transplants has been investigated. Renal transit times were calculated from 182 renograms performed on 29 patients and from 22 of these patients 67 proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements were obtained using the Aberdeen Mk 2 NMR Imager. The clinical status of each patient at the time of investigation was defined in retrospect. The principal value of the mean transit time (MTT) was in differentiating between acute rejection and other causes of raised plasma creatinine. During a rejection episode the MTT is raised out of the normal range of 227 +/- 26 s but with chronic rejection or other causes of raised plasma creatinine the MTT remains within normal limits. NMR T1 values appeared to be of little diagnostic value as the normal range was found to be very wide ranging from 340 to 640 ms.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1983

The dependence of maximal flow in man on the airway gas physical properties.

The changes in maximum expiratory flow rates after washing out lung air with a helium/oxygen mixture (He/O2, 80 : 20) were measured in 24 patients with chronic irreversible airflow obstruction (FEV1 1.77 +/- SD 0.39 litres; FVC 3.62 +/- 0.59 litres), and in six normal subjects. The percentage increase in flow breathing He/O2 was variable; however, it was similar in normal subjects and in patients with airflow obstruction, and in both groups decreased at low lung volumes. Contrary to previous studies, only three patients with chronic airflow obstruction failed consistently to increase flow rates by greater than or equal to 20% when breathing He/O2 at all lung volumes measured. In six normal subjects and 12 patients with chronic airflow obstruction airway gas viscosity was increased by breathing a neon/oxygen mixture (Ne/O2, 80 : 20). The response to Ne/O2 was again variable (normal subjects delta Vmax.40 4 +/- SD 14%; patients delta Vmax.40 18 +/- 8%). Only two normal subjects and one patient with airflow obstruction consistently reduced their flow rates when breathing Ne/O2. These results indicate either that there is no difference in the distribution of airflow resistance in normal subjects and in patients with chronic airflow obstruction, or that density as well as viscosity is an important determinant of flow in very small airways. In either case, He/O2 breathing is not a good discriminator of the site of airflow obstruction.

Adult↗