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Biomedical subjects

A Imamura

Publications and source records attributed to A Imamura.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The metabolism of trichloroethylene and its metabolites in the perfused liver.

The metabolism of trichloroethylene (TRI) and its metabolites, chloral hydrate (CH), trichloroethanol (free-TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver, to clarify the role of the liver in the metabolism of TRI. TRI was rapidly converted to TCE and TCA by the perfused liver. TCA was produced from TRI about 2.5 times greater than was total-TCE. CH was metabolized to TCE and TCA immediately. TCA was also a dominant metabolite of CH over total-TCE. TCE(free type) was speedily conjugated by the liver. A portion of TCE was converted to TCA. Less than 10% of these metabolites produced by the liver were excreted into the bile. Most of them appeared in the perfusate.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Bacterial and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in urological infection].

Antibacterial activities of imipenem (MK-0787), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefoperazone (CPZ) were measured by using an agar dilution method against 243 strains of bacteria isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections. The MIC80 of MK-0787 against S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa was less than or equal to 0.10, 3.13, less than or equal to 0.10, 0.20, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 3.13 and 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. MK-0787 was more active than CEZ, CMX and CPZ against all bacterial species except Proteus spp. Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) 500 mg/500 mg two times a day for 5 days was given to 31 cases of chronic complicated urinary tract infections and a case of acute prostatitis. Overall clinical effectiveness rate judged by the criteria proposed by the Japanese UTI committee in 22 cases of chronic complicated urinary tract infection treated with MK-0787/MK-0791 was evaluated to be 86% including excellent in 6 cases, moderate in 13 cases and poor in 3 cases. As side effects, 2 cases encountered eruption or anorexia. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 6 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The relation between Ames test data and electronic structure for a series of benzidine derivatives investigated by using cluster analysis.

The dose-response curves of benzidine derivatives calculated from Ames test data were analyzed by combining the least-squares method with cluster analysis. The calculations of the electronic structures of various benzidine derivatives have at the same time been performed by using the CNDO/2 method. The cluster analysis was carried out on various parameters concerning the electronic structure, such as total electron density, frontier electron density, the energy level of HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), and so on. It was found that the total electron density on the nitrogen atom gives a similar pattern of classification to that for mutagenic compounds in cluster analysis. In other words, it may be inferred that the nitrogen atoms of the benzidine derivatives play an important role in the metabolic activation of the compounds. Consequently, cluster analysis with a parameter of electronic structure should be a useful initial screening procedure for various analogous mutagenic compounds as well as carcinogenic compounds.

Benzidines↗
PubMed1985

Functional recovery of the bladder in patients with spinal cord injury--prognosticating programs of an aseptic intermittent catheterization.

Ninety patients with spinal cord injury were managed by aseptic intermittent catheterization program I (preventing the over-distension of the bladder) and program II (allowing overdistension) in which recovery of bladder function and the clinical effects were comparatively investigated. Using program I, cases with positive BCR restored the automaticity of the bladder on average 8 weeks after injury. When urinary incontinence first occurs during aseptic intermittent catheterization, urinary training may be commenced since the bladder has then recovered from spinal shock. Cases with no BCR do not restore automatic bladder contraction. Program II delayed or weakened the recovery of bladder function considerably. Patients with incomplete lesions and sacral sparing, particularly those with urinary sensation, should be managed by program I which does not impair recovery of the bladder. It is possible to prevent urinary incontinence and infection, if paraplegics with complete lesions are managed by program II. The percentage of urinary infection was 22.6 +/- 16.0% (N = 90) during aseptic intermittent catheterization (non-touch technic) among whom no statistically significant difference between those with trigger voiding (22.2 +/- 17.2%, N = 57) and those with self-catheterization (23.2 +/- 14.0%, N = 33) was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Over-distension therapy of the bladder in paraplegic patients using self-catheterisation: a preliminary study.

Over-distension therapy was performed in 60 patients during the period of spinal shock after complete spinal cord injury. Forty-five developed upper motor neurone (UMN) hypo-active decompensated bladder function and 39 achieved satisfactory social activity without urinary incontinence using self-catheterisation. Self catheterisation appeared a safer and more comfortable means of urinary management than trigger voiding in paraplegics with complete spinal cord injury. This is a preliminary communication as it is hoped that a comparative study will follow in due course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Four case reports of sarcoma combined with carcinoma].

We report 4 cases of double cancer, combined sarcoma and carcinoma. Case 1 was a 50-year-old woman, had a malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the leg and an advanced gastric carcinoma. The soft tissue sarcoma was resected and the gastric carcinoma was treated with chemotherapy. She died from pulmonary metastasis from the sarcoma. Case 2 was a 72-year-old woman with a liposarcoma in the leg and a thyroid carcinoma. Both tumors were resected, however, she died from pulmonary metastasis from the carcinoma. Case 3 was a 65-year-old man with a liposarcoma in the buttock and lung carcinoma. Both tumors were resected and he is alive and disease-free. Case 4 was a 47-year-old man with spindle cell sarcoma of the tibia and a rectal carcinoma. Both tumors were treated surgically, but he died from pulmonary metastasis from the sarcoma. We suggest that the combination of sarcoma and carcinoma is very rare and that the prognosis in these cases is very poor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

A molecular orbital treatment on the reactivity of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol-epoxides.

The total energies of several aromatic hydrocarbon diol-epoxides and their carbonium cations were calculated by using the semi-empirical CNDO/2 SCF MO calculations. The reactivity of the diol-epoxides toward electrophilic reagents was evaluated from the energy difference between the diol-epoxide and its carbonium cation. Next, the total energies of the diol-epoxides and their carbonium cations were divided into several components, which represent the contributions of parts of molecules to the total energy. That is, the total energy was represented as the sum of the block energies and inter-block energies, which were defined in relation to the parts of the molecules. By using this concept of the block and the inter-block energies the reactivities of the diol-epoxides were interpreted in connection with the molecular structure.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
PubMed1983

Carnitine depletion as a probable cause of hyperlipidemia in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

The mechanism of te development of hemodialysis hyperlipidemia was investigated in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatment lost large amounts of carnitine from blood into the dialysate fluid, resulting in the reduction in serum concentration of carnitine. After the treatments were repeated for more than 12 months, the serum concentration of carnitine reduced markedly and the serum triglyceride level increased significantly. In contrast, in patients who had been supplemented with commercial amino acids solution, the serum concentrations of carnitine and lipid were within normal ranges and remained unchanged even after repeated hemodialysis treatments. Carnitine administration also reduced the serum triglyceride level to or towards normal. The results suggest that carnitine depletion induced by hemodialysis treatments has a probable causal relationship to hyperlipidemia in uremic patients on long-term maintenance hemodialysis and that supplementation of carnitine or amino acids prevents carnitine depletion and improves hemodialysis hyperlipidemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Classification of compounds by cluster analysis of Ames test data.

The dose-response curves for various compounds in the Ames test were analyzed by combining the least-squares method with cluster analysis. The following theoretical equation was employed: m(x) = (B + Sx)exp(-Tx), where m(x) is the number of revertants at the dose of x; B, the background number; S, the mutagenicity rate; and T, the toxicity rate. This equation is derived from a one-hit model modified to take account of the toxicity, and the parameters B, S and T are determined by applying the least-squares method for the fitting between theoretical and experimental dose-response curves with the use of the program package SALS (statistical analysis with least-squares fitting). With the values for B, S and T thus obtained, cluster analysis can clearly separate mutagenic and non-mutagenic compounds. Moreover, when cluster analysis into six groups is carried out, each group has quite characteristic parameter values. Consequently, this procedure is very useful for the classification of compounds according to the nature of the dose-response curve, that is, according to the nature of their mutagenic activity.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1982

Effect of aging on lipid and carnitine metabolism.

In healthy subjects aged 20 to 50 years, the urinary excretion of carnitine and its serum concentration increased rapidly and markedly after synthetic beta 1-24 ACTH-Z was injected. Their serum triglyceride levels changed inversely. In contrast, healthy subjects older than 70 and patients aged 45 to 50 with atherosclerosis exhibited lower and delayed changes of carnitine excretion and serum concentrations of carnitine and lipid after ACTH injection. When the aged subjects and the atherosclerotic patients were administered with triiodothyronine prior to ACTH, their metabolic responses to ACTH improved towards normal. The results suggest that the aging process impairs the homeostatic regulation of serum lipid through a "lipid-carnitine" system and that thyroid hormone plays a contributory role in the activation of this system.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on recurrent and metastatic cases of the early stomach cancer--from diagnostic aspect].

There were 256 cases of the early stomach cancer resected, from 1967 to '77 in National Hospital-Sapporo. First, 4 recurrent cases of these 256 cases (1.6%) are analyzed and concluded. 1) Common items of these recurrent cases were male and submucosal invasion in depth of cancer. 2) Modes of recurrence of the gastric remnant were shown in 3 of 4 recurrent cases. These 3 cases died within 6 months, on the average, from the diagnosis of recurrence. Therefore, earlier detection and operation of recurrent cancer is important. 3) There are some cases in which the possibility of multiple or double cancers exist, so careful examination before initial operation is most necessary. Second, the early stomach cancers with metastasis to the regional lymph nodes (n+ group) are analyzed. 1) There were 20 cases of n+ group (7.8%). 2) There were 12 cases of depressed type early cancers with metastasis to the regional nodes (depressed type n+ group), and 137 cases of the single depressed type early cancers without metastasis to the nodes (depressed type n- group). Statistical comparison between the depressed type n+ group and n- group disclosed that the maximum diameter of the lesion of the n+ group was longer than that of the n- group, and histological type of cancer of the n+ group was more undifferentiated than that of the n- group. Items of the depth of invasion and site of the lesion are not statistically significant at this time, however, close attention should be paid to these items.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The separation procedure for intrauterine adhesion (synechia uteri) under roentgenographic view.

For 32 patients with infertility who were thought to have synechia uteri without having any other apparent cause of sterility, the separation procedure of intrauterine adhesion was successfully performed, with the use of an artificial insemination cannula under roentgenographic view while infusing an oleaginous contrast medium of the appropriate viscosity through the cannula. After the operation, two contraceptive intrauterine rings were used, as a rule, for prevention of readhesion. The rings were removed 3 months afterward. Within 2 years after the procedure, successful births were achieved in 18 of 22 patients in whom two rings were inserted, and in 3 of 10 patients in whom only one ring was used.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cerebral energy state and glycolytic metabolism during lidocaine infusion in the rat.

The effects of intravenously administered lidocaine on the cerebral cortical energy state and glycolytic metabolism were studied in rats. In one series, rats were divided into five groups according to EEG patterns, i.e., control, desynchronized, synchronized, seizure (1-min duration) and recovery groups. With lidocaine infusion (0.75 mg/min), there were no significant changes from the control group in the cerebral energy state except for a modest increase in phosphocreatine (PCr) in the seizure group and a small decrease in ADP in the non-seizure groups. The cerebral energy charge remained unchanged. Lactate and pyruvate significantly decreased in the non-seizure groups. In a second series, rats were divided into five groups, i.e., control, lidocaine seizure groups (5-min duration, 1.5 mg/min) at hypocapnia, normocapnia and hypercapnia, and a bicuculline (1.2 mg/kg) seizure group. The metabolic changes during lidocaine seizure were essentially the same as those observed in the seizure group in the first series. However, the increase in PCr during lidocaine seizure was significant only in the hypocapnic and the normocapnic groups. Bicuculline-induced seizures were accompanied by a significant decrease in high energy phosphates. In summary, neither a non-seizure nor-seizure dose of lidocaine caused any reduction in the cerebral energy charge nor was there any evidence of increased anaerobic metabolism in the cerebral cortex during lidocaine-induced seizures.

Animals↗