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Biomedical subjects

A Imai

Publications and source records attributed to A Imai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Antenatal subdural hemorrhage causing fetal death before labor.

Antepartum intracranial hemorrhage, which can cause fetal death prior to the onset of labor, is a rare event. This report documents the clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an uncommon case of antenatal acute subdural hematoma. MRI was extremely accurate in delineating the possible extent and location of the lesion. This is the first report to demonstrate MRI of subdural hemorrhage resulting in fetal death in utero.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging evaluation for spread of cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical diagnosis of cervical carcinoma fails to detect the location and extent of tumor invasion to cervical stroma and parametria. This study attempted to assess the accuracy of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation for the extent of cervical carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 41 patients with primary untreated cervical carcinoma underwent MRI throughout the staging evaluations before surgical treatment. RESULTS: Without Gd-DPTA, T1-weighted images were less effective than T2-weighted images for MRI of pelvic organs. Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images provided information similar to those of T2-weighted appearances, and distinguished the normal parametrium or vaginal wall from malignant invaded lesions more clearly. CONCLUSIONS: The enhancement with Gd-DTPA may increase the ability of MRI to provide a positive spread/metastasis staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration during a pregnancy with massive ovarian cysts following ovulation induction by gonadotropins.

In this report, the treatment by follicular aspiration was evaluated in a pregnant patient with severe ovarian cysts subsequent to ovulation induction with CC and gonadotropins. The patient had dramatic and immediate improvement of the symptoms and general condition as well as a significant shorter hospital stay. The procedure was, under meticulous US guidance, safe and effective, providing additional improvement or increased therapeutic confidence in the severe complications after ovulation induction, as an assisted option during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cognitive performance and event-related brain potentials under simulated high altitudes.

The effects of hypobaric hypoxia on cognitive processing in humans were studied by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from the scalp in a go/no-go reaction time (RT) paradigm under various simulated high altitudes. Most subjects indicated abrupt impairment of RT at high altitudes. RTs lengthened in association with changes in latency and amplitude of the N2-P3 components, reflecting sensory discrimination and evaluation processes. Some subjects did not suffer any changes in RT up to an extremely high altitude of 6,000 m. In the latter case, although the N2-P3 components did not undergo any changes, the P3 component was followed by a sequence of negative on-going (frontal maximum) and positive on-going (parietal maximum) slow waves. The amplitudes of these slow waves increased as altitude increased. Although these same waves appeared in the ERPs of subjects who demonstrated the increase in RTs at high altitudes, when the subjects failed in the RT task, both of the slow waves either disappeared or diminished. Such slow waves may be associated with attempts to maintain RTs against the deteriorative effects of hypobaric hypoxia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Successful outcome of pregnancy complicated with thyroidectomy-induced hypoparathyroidism and sudden dyspnea. A case report.

Total thyroidectomy is often accompanied with airway problem and hypoparathyroidism leading to infertility and pregnancy losses, and its effects are thus rarely reported on delivery. A patient with postoperative hypoparathyroidism carried a pregnancy to successful delivery, but suffered uncontrollable hypocalcemia and sudden respiratory distress at spontaneous labor onset. Both the fetal and maternal outcome were good. The acute deterioration in the hypoparathyroidism and airway problem at labor differed from the complications in previously reported cases.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

Hematosalpinx and torsion of the fallopian tube in a virgin girl.

Torsion of the fallopian tube is encountered in the diseased tube. The present report describes a hematosalpinx and its tubal torsion in a virgin girl who experienced no prior predisposing factors suggested for tubal obstruction and adhesions. This rare case may highlight a new insight into pathophysiology of tubal torsion associated with hematosalpinx.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Changes of pial vessel diameter and CO2 reactivity during insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration.

The present study examined the changes of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity during insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration in cats. The diameters of pial vessels were continuously measured using the vidicon camera system. Hypoglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Actrapid insulin (100 IU/kg). Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was estimated by the changes of pial vessel diameters during 3 min inhalation of 5% CO2 in air at each stage of glucose level. CO2 reactivity was impaired in the hypoglycemic stage and this impairment was further enhanced in the early recovery stage. In the late recovery stage, CO2 reactivity was restored particularly in the small arteries which were less innervated by autonomic nerves. These results suggest that the sympathetic activity plays an important role in the impairment of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity during hypoglycemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Alpha-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine enhances cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity.

The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was investigated by an alpha-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ). Cerebral oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (BrPo2, BrPco2) and arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded before, during and after intracarotid infusion of 5 mg/kg of PBZ. The effects of 5% CO2 inhalation were measured before and after the infusion of PBZ. Following the intracarotid infusion of PBZ, BrPo2 and BrPco2 did not change significantly. After the alpha-adrenergic blockade the degree of the increase in BrPo2 during 5% CO2 inhalation was significantly enhanced. The increase in the cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity produced by low dose PBZ suggests that the sympathetic nervous system modifies cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of clonidine on the cerebrovascular system in cats.

The effects of clonidine, a potent alpha 2 adrenergic agonist and an imidazole/imidazoline receptor agonist, were examined in the cat cerebrovascular system, measuring cerebral oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (BrPo2, BrPco2) and arterial blood pressure. Intracarotid injection of clonidine (2 micrograms/kg) produced a gradual decrease in systemic blood pressure without initial hypertension, while BrPo2 decreased slightly but significantly. Before and after intracarotid administration of clonidine, cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide was estimated by changes in BrPo2 and BrPco2 during and after 3 min inhalation of 5% CO2. Clonidine significantly enhanced cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide. The data suggest that the alpha 2-adrenoceptor and/or imidazoline receptor play an important role in the regulation of cerebral circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prolactin binds to human endometrial fibroblasts and inhibits mitogenicity of an endometrial carcinoma extract.

Uterine endometrial carcinoma has been reported to synthesize and secrete a putative peptide mitogen that elicits a potent proliferative response in endometrial fibroblasts. The extract from endometrial carcinoma stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into human endometrial fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant exposure of the fibroblasts to prolactin (PRL) led to a remarkable inhibition of the extract-stimulated mitogenic activity of the fibroblasts. This inhibition was dependent on PRL dose, and maximal effect occurred at 1 microM of PRL. PRL (10 nM) suppressed an apparent maximal activity of the extract by 50%, and the half-maximal stimulated effect of the extract on thymidine incorporation was observed at the same concentration in the absence or presence of PRL. This noncompetitive manner may imply that PRL acts at a stage after the interaction of the mitogen in the extract with the specific receptor for mitogen. When the fibroblasts were first exposed to the extract for 12 hr and then to PRL, PRL suppressed the mitogenic activity with no lag. The rapid growth-inhibitory effect of PRL was mimicked by prostaglandin E1, but the combination of both types of ligand was not additive in the inhibitory action on growth. PRL and prostaglandin E1 may inhibit a similar mitogenic signaling cascade. Specific receptor sites for PRL were detected in the endometrial fibroblasts, showing high binding affinity (Kd = 16.1 nM) and low binding capacity (Bmax = 1.59 pmol/mg protein). Treatment of the fibroblasts with the endometrial carcinoma extract induced no changes in the level of PRL receptor, excluding the possibility that PRL competes for the binding sites with the mitogen. These findings would suggest that PRL may block the mitogenic activity of the fibroblasts stimulated by the endometrial carcinoma-derived mitogen via a PRL receptor-mediated mechanism, perhaps prostaglandin production.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1993

Sexual dimorphism of binding sites of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in rabbit model.

1. Binding sites for testosterone (TR) and dihydrotestosterone (DHTR) were separately detected in various organs of the rabbit. 2. Possibilities obtained were suggested as follows. 3. Sexual dimorphism of TR or DHTR level was present among organs. 4. The responsiveness of TR or DHTR levels to estradiol-17 beta with testosterone, but not estradiol-17 beta alone is different among organs, with sexual minor dimorphism.

Androgens↗
PubMed1993

Successful pregnancy in a patient with heart failure secondary to aortic and mitral regurgitation.

In this report, maternal and fetal risks were evaluated in a pregnant patient who had no previously established heart valvular disease. A 41-old-year patient with aortic and mitral regurgitations suffered from progressive congestive heart failure during 20 weeks of gestation. She carried the pregnancy to a successful delivery at 31 weeks. During this time, sudden deterioration in the symptoms occurred, but both the fetal and maternal outcomes were uneventful. This experience of a good outcome may contribute to the future management of pregnancies associated with heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of acute progressive interstitial pneumonia associated with dermatomyositis--clinical features and immunological disorders].

Some patients of dermatomyositis (DM) with interstitial pneumonia (IP) have common clinical features. Clinical features of these patients are acute onset, very poor prognosis and that patients have fever, arthritis, typical skin rash, mild myositis and show low ratio of CPK/LDH, low incidence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) appearance, low inflammatory signs. We experienced two cases of this category of DM with IP and examined immunological aspects. Case 1. A 52-year-old woman was admitted in June 1, 1990 with a one-month history of arthralgia and a ten-days history of fever, skin rash, myalgia and dyspnea on exertion. On examination she had Gottron's papules on her fingers, erythema on back, bilateral elbows and legs, proximal muscle weakness and arthritis. Fine crackles were audible in the lower lung fields. Laboratory data included CPK 200 IU/l, ALD 3.2 IU/l, LDH 805 IU/l. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed increased cellularity with lymphocytosis. She was treated with oral corticosteroid (CS), pulse CS, cyclosporin A. Inspite of these therapies, she died of progressive respiratory insufficiency in July 10, 1990. Case 2. A 23-year-old woman was admitted in April 1, 1991, with a two-month history of arthralgia and a one-month history of fever, skin rash, stomatitis, alopecia. On examination she had Gottron's papules on her fingers, erythema on malar, bilateral elbows and legs, arthritis and stomatitis. Laboratory data included CPK 97 IU/l, ALD 8.5 IU/l, LDH 779 IU/l. She began experiencing dry cough and dyspnea on exertion in May 1991. Analysis of BALF revealed increased cellularity with lymphocytosis. She was treated with oral corticosteroid(CS), pulse CS, pulse cyclophosphamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Estrogen and androgen receptors in aorta of the rabbit and regulation by estrogen and androgen.

This study was designed to investigate the sexual and/or regional dimorphism of the effects of estrogens and androgens on the aorta. Estrogen, estradiol-17 beta (E2) and estriol (E3), or androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), binding levels, and of effects of E2 and T on their levels were determined in aortas of the male and female rabbits. Priming with E2 affected estrogen binding levels of the male aorta, but the physiological condition with E2 plus T induced the levels of E2 and E3 receptors in the female aorta. DHT receptor level in the male was increased with E2 alone or with T, while a rise in T binding level was seen in the male and female primed with E2 and T. These findings suggest that there is a sexual and/or regional dimorphism in the actions of estrogen and androgen on their receptor synthesis in the aorta.

Androgens↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study of rheumatoid interstitial lung disease evaluated by high resolution CT].

High resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scans were obtained in 215 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to assess pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We classified the HRCT appearances as five-point scale (0-4) based on the degrees of PF. The results were as follows: 1. We found 117 cases (54.4%) of PF on HRCT. 2. Patients with PF (grade 1-4) showed significantly increased leucocyte cell counts and significantly worsened pulmonary function test than patients without PF (grade 0). 3. Patients with advanced articular involvement had significantly higher prevalence of PF than others without them. 4. Patients who were previously or currently receiving gold sodium thiomalate (GST) injection or administration of methotrexate had higher prevalence of PF than others. However, patients who were receiving long term GST therapy (1 year long or sigma 1000 mg) had slightly lower prevalence of PF than others. This finding suggests that dose-dependent lung injury is not related to GST therapy. 5. Patients with advanced PF (grade 3, 4) had high prevalence of male sex, smoker, extraarticular manifestation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-binding sites in plasma membrane from human uterine cervical fibroblasts.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) plays a critical role in cervical dilatation at labor. Incubation of cervical fibroblasts with [3H]DHA-S caused a rapid and saturable increase in cellular radioactivity: an apparent equilibrium was reached by 2 min. There was no detectable conversion of DHA-S into DHA or oestradiol. When the fibroblasts loaded with [3H]DHA-S were homogenized and fractionated, the specific radioactivity in the plasma membrane fraction was enriched approximately 8- to 9-fold compared with the whole homogenate; only low amounts of radioactivity were observed in the other subcellular fractions. The binding of DHA-S to plasma membrane preparations showed saturation kinetics with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 12 nM, and the binding capacity (Bmax) was calculated to be 1.25 fmol/mg protein. Neither DHA nor oestrone sulfate affected [3H]DHA-S binding to the plasma membrane. The plasma membranes of skin fibroblasts did not show specific binding sites for DHA-S. These findings demonstrate the presence of specific binding sites for DHA-S in the plasma membrane of cervical stroma cells. The fetal adrenal steroid may exert its action on cervical ripening at least in part through membrane-associated binding sites, or receptors.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1992

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor in a 2-year-old infant: report of a case complicated with ascites and acute respiratory distress.

A two-year-old girl with a juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) and with acutely progressive hydrothorax and ascites is presented. She had precocious pseudopuberty and an elevated level of serum estradiol. Sudden onset of respiratory distress, due to a pleural effusion and severe abdominal distention, led to an emergency laparatomy. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy induced a rapidly favorable course. Histological examination showed no evidence of invasion or peritoneal metastasis. This is the first case of JGCT associated with an acute respiratory emergency as a main clinical feature.

Child, Preschool↗