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Biomedical subjects

A Ikeda

Publications and source records attributed to A Ikeda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Effects of reducing or stopping inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on airway hyperresponsiveness in stable chronic asthma].

Effects of reducing or stopping inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were evaluated in stable chronic asthma. In 16 patients, after the best control (no symptoms, peak expiratory flow rate [PEF] > 80% best) was achieved for at least 3 months, the dose of BDP was reduced to 2/3 to 1/2. No differences were observed in the mean FEV1, PEF and AHR between before and 3 months after the reduction of BDP. In 7 patients, after the almost normal level of AHR was achieved, the dose of BDP was gradually reduced and then discontinued. Three out of the 7 patients had maintained the adequate level of AHR over 14 months, but in the other 4 patients AHR deteriorated below normal level and re-administration of BDP was needed due to worsening of symptoms and PEF. In conclusion, a gradual reduction of the dose of BDP is possible, if the best control is achieved for at least 3 months. The possibility of discontinuation of BDP may exist in some patients after achieving adequate AHR.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

[A case of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: discrepancy between epileptogenic area and structural lesion demonstrated by subdural recording].

We reported a 25-year-old man with intractable right temporal lobe epilepsy in whom subdural recording successfully delineated the epileptogenic area in the right anterior mesial to basal temporal region in spite of the presence of a postoperative lesion in the right posterior temporal region. The patient underwent right posterior temporal resection due to ependymoma at the age of 8 years. Since age 19, he had suffered from medically intractable psychomotor seizures. Ictal scalp-recorded EEG suggested an epileptogenic area at the right temporal area, but it could not specifically demarcate the site because of bone deficits from the previous surgery. Ictal SPECT showed a hyperactive area in the right anterior temporal area, which was inconsistent with the MRI finding. In case of partial epilepsy associated with structural lesion like in the present case, if results of various non-invasive studies are discrepant as to the epileptogenic area, invasive studies using, for example, subdural EEG monitoring is necessary to determine the responsible area.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Pharmacologic therapy for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--emphasis on inhaled agents].

One dose of an anticholinergic agents has about the same bronchodilatory effect as one of a beta 2-agonist. Anticholinergic agents may be used first in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, because of the possible adverse effects of beta 2-agonists. One puff of a metered-dose inhaler will not cause a maximal bronchodilatory effect. Both anticholinergic and beta-adrenergic drugs cause dose-dependent bronchodilation when given as aerosols from metered-dose inhalers, and a combination of the two can provide better results. If the response to a single agent is unsatisfactory, use of higher doses is advised and the use of a combination of anticholinergic agents and beta-agonists is recommended. With regard to inhaled corticosteroids, a high dose of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (1,500 micrograms per day) can be a effective as oral corticosteroids. Step-by-step pharmacologic therapy with the drugs mentioned above should be used in outpatient management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

Radiation-induced changes in glomerular and tubular cell kinetics and morphology following irradiation of a single kidney in the pig.

PURPOSE: Radiation-induced changes in glomerular and tubular cell kinetics and morphology following irradiation of a single pig kidney were assessed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The right kidney of 13 adult female Large White pigs was irradiated with a single dose of 9.8 Gy gamma rays. Animals were serially killed between 2 and 24 weeks postirradiation (PI); 1 h prior to postmortem each pig received 500 mg bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). At postmortem, both kidneys were removed and tissue taken to prepare cell suspensions. The labeling index (LI) of these suspensions was measured using flow cytometry; in vivo BrdUrd incorporation in glomerular and tubular cells was determined immunohistochemically. The kidneys were also assessed histologically. RESULTS: Irradiation of the right kidney alone resulted in a significant increase in renal cell LI in both the irradiated and the contralateral unirradiated kidney within 2 weeks of irradiation; peak values of 1.57 +/- 0.32% and 1.04 +/- 0.13%, respectively, were seen 4 weeks PI, significantly greater (P < 0.001) than the preirradiation value of 0.18 +/- 0.01%. The LI values then declined with time, but remained greater than those seen prior to irradiation. A similar pattern of response was determined from counts of labeled glomerular and tubular cells identified immunohistochemically. The increase in labeled glomerular cells was seen 2 weeks PI, whereas that for the tubular cells did not occur until 4 weeks PI. The irradiated kidney exhibited diffuse, progressive glomerular alterations. In contrast, tubular damage was focal; the irradiated kidney also exhibited a prominent vasculopathy, involving arteriolar and peripheral interlobular artery thickening. The contralateral unirradiated kidney appeared unchanged. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the hypothesis that the morphologic and kinetic responses observed after irradiation of a single kidney are similar to those observed after irradiation of both kidneys. Renal irradiation results in significant alterations in glomerular and tubular cell proliferation and morphology within 2-4 weeks of irradiation; glomerular changes appear predominant.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Limited value of interictal brain perfusion SPECT for detection of epileptic foci: high resolution SPECT studies in comparison with FDG-PET.

Accurate localization of epileptic foci is important for pre-surgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable epilepsy, and F-18 FDG PET has been proved to be a valuable method for this purpose. To examine the clinical value with interictal brain perfusion SPECT, we performed brain perfusion SPECT of Tc-99m HMPAO by means of a high resolution SPECT camera, and compared the results with F-18 FDG PET images and MRI in 10 patients with medically intractable epilepsy. In 9 of 10 patients (90%), FDG PET images showed focal hypo-metabolism in the area corresponding with the results of electroencephalography (EEG). SPECT images, however, demonstrated hypo-perfused lesions which corresponded with hypo-metabolic lesions on FDG PET images in only 6 cases (60%). Although MRI showed abnormal findings in 8 cases, the lesions were not directly related to epileptic foci in 2 cases. In conclusion, FDG PET is a valuable tool for accurate localization of epileptic foci. Brain perfusion SPECT, however, may not always be paralleled to metabolism visualized on FDG PET images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials following CO2 laser stimulation of foot in man.

Since our previous study of pain somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following CO2 laser stimulation of the hand dorsum could not clarify whether the early cortical component N1 was generated from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) or the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) or both, the scalp topography of SEPs following CO2 laser stimulation of the foot dorsum was studied in 10 normal subjects and was compared with that of the hand pain SEPs and the conventional SEPs following electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve recorded in 8 and 6 of the 10 subjects, respectively. Three components (N1, N2 and P2) were recorded for both foot and hand pain SEPs. N1 of the foot pain SEPs was maximal at the midline electrodes (Cz or CPz) in all data where that potential was recognized, but the potential field distribution was variable among subjects and even between two sides within the same subject. N1 of the hand pain SEPs was maximal at the contralateral central or midtemporal electrode. The scalp distribution of N2 and P2, however, was not different between the foot and hand pain SEPs. The mean peak latency of N1 following stimulation of foot and hand was found to be 191 msec and 150 msec, respectively, but there was no significant difference in the interpeak latency of N1-N2 between foot and hand stimulation. It is therefore concluded that N1 of the foot pain SEPs is generated mainly from the foot area of SI. The variable scalp distribution of the N1 component of the foot pain SEPs is likely due to an anatomical variability among subjects and even between sides.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Movement-related potentials associated with bilateral simultaneous and unilateral movements recorded from human supplementary motor area.

To clarify the differences of movement-related potentials (MRPs) among ipsilateral, contralateral and simultaneous bilateral movements, MRPs with finger, thumb or foot movements were recorded from subdural electrodes chronically implanted on the supplementary motor area (SMA) in 3 patients, and also from the primary sensorimotor area in two of them being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. As a result: (1) SMA generated clear pre-movement potentials regardless of the type of movement. Its amplitude was almost identical between contralateral and bilateral movements except for the motor potential (MP). The pre-movement potentials associated with ipsilateral movements were relatively smaller than those with contralateral or bilateral movements. (2) The primary sensorimotor area generated clear pre-movement potentials in contralateral and bilateral movements with similar amplitude. With ipsilateral hand movements, however, only a small Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and no negative slope (NS') or MP was seen, and ipsilateral foot movements were not preceded by any BP. It is, therefore, most likely that, as far as the preparation for simple voluntary self-paced movement is concerned, the SMA plays an equally important role in unilateral and bilateral movements, whereas the primary sensorimotor area is involved predominantly in the preparation of contralateral movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Movement-related cortical potentials associated with voluntary muscle relaxation.

We recorded movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) associated with voluntary muscle relaxation, which was not accompanied by contraction of the antagonist or any other muscles, in 10 normal subjects. Voluntary, self-paced relaxation of the wrist extensors from the extended position was employed as the relaxation task, and wrist flexion by muscle contraction was employed as the contraction task. The accelerogram was used to obtain the trigger signals for both tasks. The electromyograms of the ipsilateral agonist and antagonist, the proximal muscles and the contralateral corresponding muscles were monitored to confirm the absence of muscle contraction for the relaxation task. All MRCP components were identified in both tasks; Bereitschaftspotential (BP), negative slope (NS'), parietal peak of motor potential (ppMP) and frontal peak of motor potential (fpMP). BP started earlier and was larger at the contralateral parietotemporal electrodes for the relaxation than for the contraction task, and the slow positive shift at the bilateral frontopolar electrodes was seen more often in the relaxation task. It is concluded that the voluntary muscle relaxation needs a cortical preparatory process similar to voluntary muscle contraction, and needs a more extensive and longer preparation process in the primary motor area and possibly in other motor areas as compared with the contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of ipriflavone and 1 alpha vitamin D therapy for the cessation of vertebral bone loss.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether a combined regimen of ipriflavone and 1 alpha vitamin D is effective in stopping postmenopausal bone loss. METHODS: Ninety-eight postmenopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four groups: group 1, ipriflavone alone; group 2, 1 alpha vitamin D alone; group 3, combined regimen of ipriflavone and 1 alpha vitamin D; group 4, no treatment. Vertebral bone mineral density, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, serum alkaline phosphatase, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, urinary calcium and hydroxyproline were measured before and at the 6th, 12th and 18th month of the study. All comparisons were made using Student's t-test of means. RESULT: There was a significant reduction in vertebral bone loss in the patients receiving the combined therapy (mean loss after 18 months 0.33% in the combination group vs. 2.37%, 1.15% and 3.70% in the ipriflavone alone, 1 alpha vitamin D alone, and control groups, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the combined regimen could prevent postmenopausal bone loss.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1995

Generator locations of movement-related potentials with tongue protrusions and vocalizations: subdural recording in human.

Movement-related potentials (MRPs) associated with tongue protrusions and vocalizations were recorded from chronically implanted subdural electrodes over the lower perirolandic area in 7 patients being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. In 3 patients, tongue protrusions elicited a clearly defined, well localized slow negative Bereitschaftspotential (BP) at the motor tongue area, and a positive BP at the sensory tongue area. At the motor tongue area the negative BP was followed by a negative slope (NS') and a motor potential (MP), and at the sensory tongue area the positive BP and a positive reafferent potential (RAP) were seen but no NS' and MP could be identified. In the other 4 patients, tongue protrusions elicited positive BP, NS' and MP at the motor and sensory tongue area, and positive RAP at the sensory area. It was concluded that BPs, NS' and MPs are mainly generated in the motor cortex involving the crown as well as the anterior bank of the central fissure. The sensory cortex (areas 3a and 3b) also participated in the generation of BPs but to a lesser degree. Different degree of involvement of these multiple generators most likely explains the interindividual variability of polarity and distribution of the MRPs. RAPs most likely arise from primary sensory areas 1 and 2. Brain potentials were also recorded at the motor (2 patients) and sensory (2 patients) language areas, but no specific language-related potentials could be identified. Evoked potentials to lip stimulation were investigated in 4 patients. In 3 patients, the responses at the sensory tongue area (P16, N21 and P30) had the same latency but opposite polarity to those at the motor tongue area. In the other patient, the responses (P16, N21 and P30) at the motor and sensory tongue areas were of the same polarity. The MRPs to tongue protrusions in those 4 patients revealed the same polarity relationship between the pre- and postcentral potentials. However, the maximal amplitude of evoked potentials and MRPs was seen at almost the same electrodes, suggesting that the main generators for these MRPs and evoked potentials must be located at contiguous areas in the anterior and posterior bank, respectively, of the central fissure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Peri-rolandic and fronto-parietal components of scalp-recorded giant SEPs in cortical myoclonus.

Scalp topography of giant SEPs to median nerve stimulation was studied in 4 patients with cortical myoclonus of various etiology. The positive peak (P30) at the contralateral parietal area was simultaneously accompanied by a negative peak at the frontal area (N30), and at least one of these two peaks was enhanced in 2 patients. Another positive peak (P25) and a negative peak (N35) were also identified at the peri-rolandic area with different latency from P30 and N30, respectively, in all patients. N35 was enhanced in 3 patients, and P25 in 2 patients. It is concluded that, as seen in normal subjects, tangential (P30-N30) and radial (P25 and N35) components of SEPs are most likely distinguishable in giant SEPs, and that either one or both of those components is enhanced in different ways depending on the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Physiological study of cervical dystonia. Task-specific abnormality in contingent negative variation.

To investigate the pathophysiology of dystonia, we recorded contingent negative variation (CNV) in 12 patients with cervical dystonia and in 12 age-matched normal subjects. In a simple reaction time paradigm, the subjects were given a pair of a warning stimulus and a subsequent stimulus that triggered head rotation to either side or extension of the fingers. In normal subjects, CNVs for head rotation were not affected by neck muscle pre-activation simulating torticollis, and were always symmetrical with equally high amplitudes over the frontal and central leads. By contrast, CNVs for finger movement had the maximum over the central lead and showed a characteristic distribution; those for the right finger movement had the left hemisphere dominance, whereas those for the left finger movement had similar amplitudes over both hemispheres. In patients with rotatory torticollis (rotatocollis), the components of CNVs for head rotation were markedly attenuated in all the leads, except for the initial negative deflection (orienting response). As a whole, cervical dystonia patients had significantly lower amplitudes of late CNVs for head rotation than normal subjects (P < 0.001), whereas late CNV amplitudes in finger extension did not differ in the two groups. Their reaction times for head rotation were similar, but durations of EMG activities were prolonged in the patients because of co-contractions of the antagonists. The task-specific CNV amplitude loss is therefore not explained by reaction times or by the abnormal neck muscle activities prior to the movement, but it reflects a failure of neural activities preparing for a phasic neck movement, resulting in co-contraction of the agonists and the antagonist. Dystonia may be associated with defective retrieval or retaining of specific motor programmes or subroutines in response to sensory stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immune responsiveness to inhaled antigens: local antibody production in the respiratory tract in health and lung diseases.

The pulmonary defence mechanism in summer type hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon cutaneum was investigated. We have studied the antibody response to fungal antigens in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with summer type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, bird fancier's lung, interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (INT-PNE), and from normal volunteers. Antigens extracted from fungi frequently isolated from home environments were used in ELISA to detect IgG and IgA antibodies in sera and BAL fluids. The results of the present study show that antibody titre in the respiratory tract to a variety of fungi from home environments is modulated by ongoing pulmonary inflammation, and that antibody production against inhaled antigens is altered by pulmonary inflammation resulting from diverse pathogenesis. This study concludes that the preexisting pulmonary inflammatory disease alters antibody production in the respiratory tract in response to inhaled fungi, and that the type of alteration depends in part on the etiology of the preexisting disease.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1995

Presence of Bereitschaftspotential preceding psychogenic myoclonus: clinical application of jerk-locked back averaging.

The method of jerk-locked back averaging was applied to six patients with clinically diagnosed psychogenic myoclonus. Five patients had a slow negative EEG shift corresponding to Bereitschaftspotential at the central region starting 0.7 to 2.1 seconds before the onset of the myoclonic jerk. One patient had no potential preceding the myoclonic jerk, whereas a small negative potential preceded the voluntary movement mimicking the jerk. The demonstration of Bereitschaftspotential before an apparently involuntary myoclonic jerk helps the clinical diagnosis of psychogenic myoclonus, although the absence of Bereitschaftspotential does not necessarily indicate that the movement is involuntary. Jerk-locked back averaging is clinically useful as a specific laboratory examination in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparative dose-response study of three anticholinergic agents and fenoterol using a metered dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Inhaled anticholinergics and beta agonists are widely used in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, dosage requirements have not been thoroughly evaluated and comparative dose-response data for these agents are limited. METHODS: Twenty men with stable COPD of mean (SD) age 69.4 (5.8) years and FEV1 0.93 (0.38) litres were studied in randomised, double blind, crossover, placebo controlled experiments. All of the patients received two, four, eight, and 16 puffs of ipratropium bromide (20 micrograms/puff), flutropium bromide (30 micrograms/puff), oxitropium bromide (100 micrograms/puff), fenoterol (200 micrograms/puff), or placebo in random order on five separate days. Doses were administered by a metered dose inhaler at intervals of 60 minutes to give cumulative doses of two, six, 14, and 30 puffs. Five mg of nebulised salbutamol was administered 60 minutes after the patient had received the final 16 puffs of each regimen. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), heart rate, and blood pressure were measured five minutes before each treatment and 30 minutes after treatment with nebulised salbutamol. RESULTS: FEV1 and FVC reached a plateau after administration of a cumulative dose of 14 puffs of ipratropium bromide (280 micrograms) or flutropium bromide (420 micrograms), and after six puffs of oxitropium bromide (600 micrograms). There were no differences with respect to maximum increases in FEV1 and FVC amongst the three anticholinergic agents. However, after six puffs oxitropium bromide produced a greater increase in FEV1 than either ipratropium bromide or flutropium bromide. Fenoterol caused a greater increase in both FEV1 and FVC than the three anticholinergic agents after six puffs, as well as a greater increase in pulse rate. Oxitropium bromide produced a greater increase in pulse rate than the other anticholinergics after 14 puffs. The incidence of side effects was dose-related and notable adverse effects were reported after 30 puffs of ipratropium bromide, 14 puffs of oxitropium bromide, and two puffs of fenoterol. CONCLUSIONS: Oxitropium bromide produced a greater bronchodilator effect than either ipratropium bromide or flutropium bromide when used at doses of less than six puffs, without apparent side effects. There were, however, no differences in maximal response between these drugs. Fenoterol may have a greater peak bronchodilator effect than the anticholinergic agents but it causes more adverse effects, even at lower doses. Depending upon the balance between efficacy and side effects, oxitropium bromide may be preferred in the treatment of patients with COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The effect of unkei-to on pituitary gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in anovulatory cycles of young women.

Unkei-to (TJ-106) induced significant increases of plasma follicle stimulating hormone level in the first grade (P < 0.05), second grade amenorrhea without weight loss (P < 0.05), and weight loss related to second grade amenorrhea (P < 0.01) in eight weeks of treatment, respectively. Plasma estradiol level significantly increased 1.8 times in 4 week treatment with Unkei-to in first grade amenorrhea (P < 0.01). In second grade amenorrhea without weight loss and weight loss related second grade amenorrhea, plasma estradiol level significantly increased 2.9 times (P < 0.01) and 1.7 times (P < 0.05) in 8 weeks treatment, respectively. On the other hand, the patterns of pulsatile secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone remarkably improved by the treatment with Unkei-to. In the patients with second grade amenorrhea, follicles stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone pulses appeared in 3 out of 13 (23.1%) and 6 out of 13 (46.2%) with the treatment of Unkei-to, respectively in 85% of whom no pulses has been observed before the treatment. Ovulation occurred in 62.2% (23/37), 26.6% (4/15), and 21.7% (5/23) of the patients with first grade, second grade amenorrhea without weight loss, and weight loss related second grade amenorrhea by the treatment with Unkei-to, respectively. These results indicate that Unkei-to is effective on improvement of gonadotropin pulsatile secretion in the treatment of anovulatory women. This suggests that Unkei-to may enhance the pituitary response to Gn-RH or improvement of the pulsatile secretion of Gn-RH, inducing normalization of diencephalon-pituitary-ovarian endocrine system in the anovulatory patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Molecular cloning of cDNA for equine ovarian inhibin/activin beta A subunit.

cDNAs encoding equine inhibin/activin beta A subunit were isolated from an equine follicle cDNA library and characterized. Using primers based on the rat inhibin/activin beta A subunit cDNA sequence, a RT-PCR was performed to generate the probe for screening. Four positive clones were isolated. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of these clones revealed that two pairs of identical clones were present, Eq-beta A-1 (0.9 kb) and Eq-beta A-2 (1.5 kb). Eq-beta A-2 clone contained a complete open reading frame encoding 426 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of equine inhibin/activin beta A subunit showed high similarity (> 90%) to those of five other mammalian species. Northern blot analysis revealed that placenta from mare on day 180 of pregnancy contained a 1.5 kb inhibin/activin beta A subunit mRNA.

Activins↗