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Biomedical subjects

A I Morris

Publications and source records attributed to A I Morris.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices in the elderly.

Thirty-seven patients admitted consecutively to the Gastroenterology Unit with haemorrhage from oesophageal varices were treated by injection sclerotherapy. The patients were subdivided according to age at presentation (below 65, over 65 years). The mortality and morbidity of the two groups, over the period of follow-up (mean 5.1 months) were compared. The risk of rebleeding was higher in the elderly (0.23 overall) than in the young (0.11 overall) and was reflected in the higher mortality, four of 14 elderly patients and four of 23 younger patients. A further three elderly patients succumbed to intercurrent illness during the same period. In three of the surviving elderly, complete resolution of varices was noted. Complications of sclerotherapy occurred in eight out of 51 injections in the elderly and six out of 97 in the young but were usually well tolerated. This study suggests that injection sclerotherapy is useful in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices in the elderly and suggests recommendations for improved survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Development of the bile acid pool in rats from neonatal life through puberty to maturity.

The bile acid pools of developing rats were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. From shortly after birth the bile acid pools fell to a nadir on the 10th day of life (0.295 +/- 0.031 mg X g-1 body weight at 2 days to 0.144 +/- 0.012 mg X g-1 body weight at 10 days, p less than 0.001). The pool re-expanded rapidly between the 12th and 15th day. After weaning and during puberty there was a further temporary increase in pool size, during which females had larger pools than males. By adulthood the pool size had returned to the 2-day-old and weanling (15- and 18-day-old) levels, expressed per gramme body weight, and there was no longer a significant sex difference. These results show that changes in pool size are occurring at times when there are major physiological changes in the developing animal. The changes during puberty suggest hormonal control.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography: qualitative and quantitative recognition of liver disease in haemophilia.

Thirty haemophiliac patients have been investigated by computed tomography (CT). Quantitative studies using dual energy scans with and without contrast enhancement, together with autocorrelation function analysis of the characteristics of the liver and spleen, revealed significant changes in the liver. The CT findings corresponded to the presence of liver disease, including chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, in 13 patients confirmed by percutaneous liver biopsy.

Hemophilia A↗
PubMed1982

Are HLA antigens important in the development of alcohol-induced liver disease?

The prevalences of 10 HLA-A and 16 HLA-B antigens were determined in 50 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 120 alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and compared with those in a control group of 550 healthy subjects from the same geographical area. B40 was absent in the patients with cirrhosis but was found in 18 (15%) of the patients without cirrhosis (p = 0.0087). No other association was noted. It is concluded that there is no good evidence to date of an association between HLA antigen state and susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Influence of isoproterenol and propranolol on human intestinal transport in vivo.

We have studied the effects of a beta-adrenergic agonist and antagonist on transmucosal transport in the human jejunum and ileum in vivo. Using a triple lumen perfusion technique we have demonstrated that intravenous isoproterenol significantly increased absorption of sodium, chloride, and water in both the jejunum and ileum, and of potassium in the ileum. Beta blockade with intravenous propranolol significantly reduced jejunal electrolyte absorption and induced ileal water and sodium secretion. Isoproterenol reduced pressure wave activity in 6 of 8 subjects while propranolol was without any consistent motor effect. These results support a role for the beta-adrenergic division of the autonomic nervous system in the control of intestinal transport in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Study of ion transport across biopsies of ileostomy in vitro: search for evidence of intestinal 'adaptation' after colectomy.

To explore the possibility that small intestinal 'adaptation' may occur after colectomy we examined the ability of ileal mucosal biopsies, taken from patients with ileostomies, to transport electrolytes in vitro. Ileostomy mucosal electrical potential difference was higher (5.4+/-0.5 mV) than in normal mucosa (3.3+/-0.3, P less than 0.001), resistance was higher (98+/-12, against 40.3+/-2.8 omega cm-2), while short circuit current was lower (54.8+/-6.0; against 89.9+/-6.1 muA.cm-2). Net sodium absorption, 1.25+/-0.41 mumol.cm-2.h-1 (n=6), rose on addition of glucose (15 mM.1-1) to 11.57+/-0.8 mumol.cm-2.h-1 (n=4), and these were similar to results from normal ileum. Net chloride transport was also similar to noraml. In one subject, with intermittent ileostomy diarrhoea, net sodium absorption was normal, 2.14 mumol.cm-2.h-1, but there was marked active chloride secretion, 14.03 mumol.cm-2.h-1. These studies do not provide any evidence of enhanced electrolyte absorption across ileal mucosa as a response to colectomy. Some cases of ileostomy diarrhoea may be due to active chloride secretion.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1980

The influence of a parasympathetic agonist and antagonist on human intestinal transport in vivo.

We studied the influence of parasympathetic stimulation and blockade on transmucosal transport in the human jejunum and ileum in vivo. Using a triple lumen tube perfusion technique, we observed that intravenous administration of neostigmine caused a significant change from absorption to secretion of sodium chloride and water in the jejunum. Similar but not statistically significant changes were observed in the ileum. Intravenous atropine significantly enhanced absorption of chloride in the jejunum and of sodium, chloride, and water in the ileum. Intraluminally administered neostigmine or atropine did not influence transport in either jejunum or ileum. Intraluminal pressure wave activity recorded synchronously with the transport studies was also influenced by these drugs, but there were either no correlations or poor correlations between their effects on transport and motor activity. In addition, intraluminally administered drugs caused similar motor responses but did not influence transport. It appears unlikely therefore that the changes observed in transport were secondary to the changes in motility. It is concluded that cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs influence salt and water transport in the human small intestine in vivo, and these responses support the possibility of a role for the parasympathetic nervous system in the control of intestinal transport.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the spatial distribution of attenuation values in computed tomographic scans of liver and spleen.

An autocorrelation analysis of the attenuation values in computed tomographic scans has been performed for a total of 35 normal and eighteen cirrhotic patients. The results confirm preliminary observations on a smaller sample which suggested that this technique may be used to separate normal and cirrhotic livers. The noise structure in a region within the spleen was also examined and found to change in the presence of cirrhosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomographic scanning in liver disease.

The non-invasive diagnostic technique of computed tomograph (CT) has been assessed in 100 patients with established liver disease. CT can differentiate extra- from intrahepatic cholestasis and may define the obstructing lesion in the former group. It is of value in detecting infiltrations with fat or iron, and provides useful information in patients with cirrhosis and metastatic deposits. At present it appears of less value in the diagnosis of non-fibrotic parenchymal liver disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1978

Intracellular electrolyte depletion in patients with ileostomies.

Fourteen apparently healthy patients with ileostomies were found to be depleted of total exchangeable sodium and potassium, but had normal serum electrolyte concentrations and normal extracellular fluid and total body water volumes. The low exchangeable sodium and potassiums were thus primarily due to depletion of the intracellular compartment. There was no evidence of renal or intestinal conservation of these ions and plasma aldosterone, renin activity, and prolactin concentrations were normal in most and only moderately raised in a few. This apparent lack of any hormonal compensatory change to the electrolyte depletion may be due to the normality of the extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte concentrations. These patients seem to have adapted to a stable but depleted intracellular sodium and potassium state.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of propranolol on the pressor response to exercise in coarctation of the aorta.

In a patient with coarctation of the aorta, blood pressure and heart rate were measured during graded exercise on a bicycle ergometer. After no treatment, and after oral hydrallazine, exercise produced large rises in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and in heart rate. During exercise after oral propranolol, systolic and diastolic pressures did not increase, and there was a less marked tachycardia. These results suggest that propranolol should be used to minimize the dangers of elevated blood pressure associated with exercise in patients with coarctation.

Administration, Oral↗