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Biomedical subjects

A Hyodo

Publications and source records attributed to A Hyodo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Treatment of metastatic brain tumors: effect of surgery of multiple metastatic brain tumors and systemic metastasis with special reference to quality of life].

To assess the efficacy of surgical resection of brain metastases from patients with multiple brain metastases or/and with other systemic metastases, the authors analysed treatment results of 90 cases of metastatic brain tumors. The patients were divided into three groups. Group A (nine cases): Patients with single brain tumor and their primary cancers were well controlled. Their brain tumors were removed surgically and followed by radiation. Their mean survival time was 17.0 months, and 14.6 months were independent (Karnofsky score greater than or equal to 70) in cases of lung cancer. Five patients (55.6%) improved by treatment. Group B (21 cases): Patients with multiple brain metastases or/and with systemic metastases. Their brain tumor(s) which gave rise to neurological symptoms were surgically removed in order to improve their quality of life. In cases of lung cancer, mean survival time was 9.5 months and 7.1 months were independent. 11 patients (52.3%) improved by treatment. Group C (60 cases): Patients treated conservatively. Their mean survival time was 4.9 months and 2.7 months were independent in cases of lung cancer. Only 13 patients (21.7%) improved by treatment. However 23 (38.3%) deteriorated in their quality of life during treatment. Two patients of this group had single brain tumor and their primary cancers were controlled well. They refused surgery. Their mean survival time was 13.0 months, and 7.0 months were independent. These times were statistically shorter than group A. Seven patients had similar systemic and neurological states as those in group B. Their mean survival time was 5.0 months and 3.0 months were independent. These times were also statistically shorter than those in group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Normal brain damage after radiotherapy of brain tumours.

A total of 106 patients were examined for adverse effects to the brain from 60Co or proton radiotherapy. Radiation induced change (RIC) developed within the irradiated field 40-60 months after doses of 800-1000 neuNSD or 70 TDF and in 10-20 months after doses of more than 1700 neuNSD or 100 TDF. The incidence of RIC increased significantly with increasing age. Furthermore pathological changes like oedema and infarction in the brain tissue may be an important factor for the development of RIC in the central nervous system (CNS).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolated cerebral varix with magnetic resonance imaging findings--case report.

A rare case of isolated cerebral varix of the left deep sylvian vein was discovered incidentally in an 11-year-old boy by computed tomographic scanning, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and cerebral angiography. MR imaging was most useful in diagnosis of cerebral varix. Review of 21 similar reported cases shows no significant in age, sex, location, or size character.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Large arteriovenous malformation associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery--case report.

A rare case of large arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery in a 43-year-old male was treated by staged embolization, followed by total removal. AVM associated with carotid-basilar anastomosis is quite rare, but the incidence of AVM in patients with carotid-basilar anastomosis is high. AVM associated with persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis has no distinguishing features compared with ordinary AVM, but participation of the posterior circulation as a feeder is characteristic.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of beta-lactamases by tazobactam and in-vitro antibacterial activity of tazobactam combined with piperacillin.

The in-vitro synergistic activity of tazobactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, combined with piperacillin was tested against various beta-lactamase-producing strains. The beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of tazobactam against various known types of beta-lactamase was also tested in comparison with clavulanic acid or sulbactam. Tazobactam caused a remarkable reduction of the piperacillin MICs for penicillinase- and oxyiminocephalosporinase-producing strains and also showed a moderate synergistic effect against cephalosporinase-producing strains. The bactericidal activity of piperacillin was enhanced in combination with tazobactam. Tazobactam inhibited the penicillinases, and the oxyiminocephalosporinase produced by Proteus vulgaris, at low concentration. In these cases its activity was comparable with that of clavulanic acid and stronger than that of sulbactam. Tazobactam demonstrated a better inhibitory capability than sulbactam against the cephalosporinases tested. Tazobactam was able to inactivate intracellular beta-lactamase in Prot. vulgaris and Morganella morganii, confirming its ability to penetrate the cell membrane of these species.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of crystalloids and colloids for hemodilution in a model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Forty dogs were subjected to 6 hours of occlusion of the left internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. They were divided into two "hemodilution groups" of 13 dogs each and a control "nonhemodiluted group" of 14 dogs. Thirty minutes after arterial occlusion, isovolemic hemodilution was performed by phlebotomy and infusions of low-molecular weight (MW) dextran in one group and of lactated Ringer's solution in the other group. The animals were sacrificed 1 week after temporary arterial occlusion. Hemodilution reduced the hematocrit to a level of 33% to 34%, which lasted throughout the week in both groups. After hemodilution there was a very significant reduction in blood viscosity, plasma total protein content, and fibrinogen levels in both groups in the acute stage; these levels gradually returned to baseline by the end of the week. In the group with lactated Ringer's solution hemodilution, both osmotic and oncotic pressures were decreased by hemodilution in the acute stage. In the control and low-MW dextran groups, osmotic and oncotic pressure remained unaltered throughout the week. Hemodilution resulted in a slight decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in all groups in the acute stage, but there were no significant changes in central venous, pulmonary arterial, or pulmonary wedge pressures. During the week of study, there were no differences in the cardiac index and total blood volume between the groups, and no significant changes in hematological parameters with the exception of a slight increase in bleeding time immediately after hemodilution with low-MW dextran. Daily neurological assessment showed consistently poorer condition during the first 5 days in the group with lactated Ringer's solution compared to either the control group or the group receiving low-MW dextran. Based on Mann-Whitney U-testing, the infarct volume of the lactated Ringer's solution recipients, expressed as a percentage of the total volume of that hemisphere (median 15.7%, range 6.6% to 25.2%) was significantly larger than that of the group receiving low-MW dextran (median 2.2%, range 0% to 15.8%) and that of the control group (median 11.9%, range 0% to 39.9%). The results indicate that, in this model, hemodilution with colloids was beneficial, whereas hemodilution with crystalloids was deleterious. It is likely that the decrease in oncotic pressure observed after hemodilution with lactated Ringer's solution is one of the most important reasons for its detrimental effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Induction of rheumatoid factor-like substance and synovial lining cell hyperplasia in rats immunized with heat-killed Escherichia coli 0:14].

Histological changes in the ankle joints and serum anti-IgG rheumatoid factor-like substance detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were investigated in Sprague Dawley (SD), Wistar, and Lewis rats immunized with heat-killed Escherichia coli 0:14. Synovial lining cell hyperplasia was observed in 23 of 46 joints and pannus formation in 7 of 46 joints in SD rats immunized for 29 weeks. RFLS levels were elevated from the 15th, 7th, and 5th week of immunization in rats receiving doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg of E. coli respectively, and remained elevated dose-dependently. RFLS levels in SD and Wistar rats were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Lewis rats during the period from the 7th to the 13th week of immunization. These results imply that immunization of rats with E. coli induces arthritic changes in the ankle joints and produces RFLS in the serum in a dose-dependent and different manner in each rat strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute effects of isovolemic hemodilution with crystalloids in a canine model of focal cerebral ischemia.

We used 44 splenectomized dogs to study the effects of isovolemic hemodilution with a crystalloid solution. The dogs were randomly divided into a hemodilution and a control group. In each group, 17 dogs were subjected to 6 hours of internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion, and five dogs received sham operations. Isovolemic hemodilution by phlebotomy and Ringer's lactate infusion was performed 30 minutes after arterial occlusion and resulted in an average hematocrit of 32-33%. Hemodilution significantly reduced viscosity, fibrinogen and total protein concentrations, and plasma oncotic pressure. Systemic arterial blood pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure decreased slightly with hemodilution, but central venous pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure did not change significantly. There was a similar decrease in cardiac index in both hemodiluted and control dogs, which may have been due to the effects of barbiturate anesthesia. Intracranial pressure increased significantly with time in all dogs subjected to arterial occlusion, but this increase was significantly more severe in the hemodiluted dogs. Specific gravity, measured just after the dogs were killed, 6 hours after hemodilution, was significantly lower in the white matter and basal ganglia of the left (ischemic) hemisphere in hemodiluted dogs than in controls. Regional cerebral blood flow decreased significantly in the left hemisphere after arterial occlusion. This decrease was almost completely reversed by hemodilution except in the basal ganglia, where the increase in edema caused by hemodilution was the greatest.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Isovolemic hemodilution in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Part 1: Effects on hemodynamics, hemorheology, and intracranial pressure.

A total of 76 splenectomized dogs were entered in a study of the value and effects of isovolemic hemodilution. Of these, seven were not included in the analysis because of technical errors. Of the remaining 69 dogs, 35 were treated with hemodilution; 28 were subjected to a 6-hour period of temporary occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery and the proximal middle cerebral artery, and seven underwent a sham operation only, with arterial manipulation but no occlusion. The other 34 dogs were not subjected to hemodilution; 26 of these underwent temporary arterial occlusion and eight had a sham operation only. In each group the animals were about equally divided into 1) an acute protocol with regional cerebral blood flow measurements by a radioactive microsphere technique and sacrifice at the end of the acute experiment, and 2) a chronic protocol with survival for 1 week to permit daily neurological assessment and final histopathological examination but without blood flow measurements. Isovolemic hemodilution was performed about 1 hour after the arterial occlusion or sham operation and was accomplished by phlebotomy and infusions of low molecular weight dextran to bring the hematocrit to a level of 30% to 32%. This treatment resulted in a very significant reduction in viscosity and fibrinogen levels. The decrease in hematocrit lasted throughout the week in the animals in the chronic protocol. The decrease in viscosity correlated almost linearly with the decrease in hematocrit. There was a slight decrease in systemic arterial pressure with hemodilution but there were no significant changes in central venous pressure or in pulmonary arterial or wedge pressure. There was a slight decrease in cardiac index in both the hemodilution and control groups, which may have been due to the effects of barbiturate anesthesia. There was a slight increase in the measured blood volume in both groups, which was probably artifactual and related to the method of calculation. Intracranial pressure increased significantly with time in all animals subjected to arterial occlusion, but this increase was less severe in the hemodilution group. There was no significant change in intracranial pressure in sham-operated animals, whether hemodiluted or not. The results of cerebral blood flow measurements, assessment of neurological conditions, and measurement of infarct size are given in Part 2 of this report.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Isovolemic hemodilution in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Part 2: Effects on regional cerebral blood flow and size of infarction.

Seventy-six splenectomized dogs were entered in a study of the value and effects of isovolemic hemodilution. Of these, seven were not included in the analysis because of technical errors. Of the remaining 69 dogs, 35 were treated with hemodilution; 28 were subjected to a 6-hour period of temporary occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery and the proximal middle cerebral artery, and seven underwent a sham operation only, with arterial manipulation but no occlusion. The other 34 dogs were not subjected to hemodilution; 26 of these underwent temporary arterial occlusion and eight had a sham operation only. In each group the animals were about equally divided into 1) an acute protocol with regional cerebral blood flow measurements by a radioactive microsphere technique and sacrifice at the end of the acute experiment, and 2) a chronic protocol with survival for 1 week to permit daily neurological assessment and final histopathological examination but without blood flow measurements. The general experimental protocol, the hemodynamic and rheological measurements, and the changes in intracranial pressure are described in Part 1 of this report. In the animals with arterial occlusion, blood flow decreased significantly in the territory of the ischemic middle cerebral artery. This decrease was partially reversed by hemodilution in the animals so treated. When the changes in blood flow before and after hemodilution in treated animals are compared with the changes at equivalent times in animals without hemodilution, the increases in flow in the gray matter of the ischemic hemisphere brought about by hemodilution are statistically significant. The neurological condition of the animals in the chronic protocol (sacrificed 1 week after occlusion) with hemodilution, as evaluated by daily neurological assessment, was significantly better than that of the control animals. In the animals sacrificed acutely (8 hours after arterial occlusion), the volume of infarction as estimated by the tetrazolium chloride histochemical method was 7.36% of the total hemispheric volume in the control animals and 1.09% in the hemodiluted animals, showing a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.005). In the chronic animals these values were 9.84% and 1.26%, respectively (p less than 0.005), as calculated by fluorescein staining. By histopathological examination the volume of infarction in the chronic animals was calculated as 10.92% in the control animals and 1.20% in the hemodiluted animals (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lumbosacral extradural spinal arteriovenous malformation with blood supply from branches of internal iliac arteries.

A case of extradural spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is described. The feeding arteries were branches from both internal iliac arteries. The pre-operative diagnosis was confirmed by myelography, selective angiography and plain and enhanced CT. The AVM was demonstrated in the ventrolateral epidural space by CT scan, providing an excellent pre-operative localisation related to dural sac and nerve roots. The clinical signs and symptoms are considered to originate from the venous congestion due to the high venous pressure caused by the AV shunt. The possible predisposing factors are also briefly discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1986

[Spinal epidural arteriovenous malformation fed by bilateral internal iliac arteries].

A rare case of a spinal epidural AVM fed by bilateral internal iliac arteries is reported. The patient was a 50 years old female with symptoms of slowly progressive paraparesis and sensory disturbance below L-2 associated with sphincter disorders. Myelography disclosed a serpiginous filling defect at the lumbar region. Selective internal iliac arteriograms disclosed an AVM fed by bilateral lateral sacral arteries. The nidus was excised totally, then a gradual improvement of those symptoms followed. Reviewing the literature, only 9 cases of spinal AVM of this type have been reported. In the majority of these cases, symptoms progressed slowly from the lower sacral level up to a level close to the end of the drainer. These symptoms were considered to be caused by steal phenomenon as well as by venous congestion due to arterialized intradural draining veins.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1984

Sequence polymorphisms in the 5'-upstream region of the fibroin H-chain gene in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

DNA fragments containing the fibroin H-chain gene from two different strains of Bombyx mori, J-139 and Nd (2) were cloned into phage lambda Charon 4A. Comparison of the restriction sites in these cloned DNAs revealed that in addition to the known polymorphism in the region coding for the repetitive amino acid sequence of the fibroin H-chain [Manning and Gage, J. Biol. Chem. 255 (1980) 9451-9457], at least two other types of polymorphism were present, one around the 5' end of the structural gene, and the other in the far upstream region of the gene. Restriction sites around the 5' end of the gene were well conserved between these strains, but some heterogeneity, suggesting the presence of small insertions, deletions or base changes, was noted. In contrast, DNA sequences of the region 2-4 kb upstream from the 5' end of the gene were markedly different between these two strains, indicating that either a deletion or an insertion of a DNA sequence longer than 2 kb had occurred in this region. Comparison with several other strains suggested that the observed changes in the far-upstream region were unique to the Nd(2) strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Reduced level of secretion and absence of subunit combination for the fibroin synthesized by a mutant silkworm, Nd(2).

Fibroin is normally composed of one H chain (350 kd) and one L chain (25 kd) which are connected by disulfide bond(s). However, the small amount of fibroin secreted into the lumen of the posterior silk gland of the Nd(2) (naked pupa) mutant does not contain L chain, although L chain mRNA is present and L chain is synthesized in the posterior silk gland cells of the mutant. In a hybrid silkworm, Nd(2)/Tamanashikasuri, where Tamanashikasuri is a normal producer of fibroin, L chain from the two alleles are distinguishable electrophoretically. It is demonstrated using this system that the L chain from the Nd(2) allele can combine normally with the H chain from Tamanashikasuri and the H-L complex is secreted normally. In another hybrid system, Nd(2)/J-131, where J-131 is a normal producer of fibroin, fibroin derived from the two alleles are distinguishable due to the different electrophoretic mobility of H chain. The fibroin derived from the J-131 allele is composed of H chain and L chain, while the fibroin derived from the Nd(2) allele is devoid of L chain, and its secretion is greatly reduced. We present evidence suggesting that the H chain derived from the Nd(2) allele is structurally abnormal and discuss how the H-L subunit structure is advantageous in the secretion of fibroin.

Alleles↗
PubMed1984

Postoperative evaluation of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass by means of ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement and computed mapping of the electroencephalogram.

As an objective evaluation of extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass operation, we studied 10 patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease after EC/IC bypass operation using ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement (UQFM) and the computed mapping of the electroencephalogram (CME). After the operation, to evaluate the efficacy of the bypass operation, we studied all patients by UQFM and CME before and during compression of the superficial temporal artery (STA). In a control series of cases, the change in common carotid blood flow during STA compression was not statistically significant, and the findings of CME were unchanged during STA compression. In the cases with bypass surgery, reduction of the common carotid blood flow during STA compression was obvious and statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Additionally, in 5 of the 10 cases, the CME findings were aggravated during STA compression. Therefore, in these 5 cases the brain with bypass seems functionally dependent upon the bypass flow. It is suggested that the EC/IC bypass is effective at least in these 5 cases. The UQFM and the CME, which are noninvasive and simple, are very useful for postoperative evaluation of EC/IC bypass grafts from a hemodynamic and functional point of view.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Use of real-time ultrasonography in neurosurgical operations].

The authors' experience with the application of real-time ultrasonography during 29 and after 3 neurosurgical operations is reported. Intraoperative sonography was performed in 29 cases. The neurosurgical operations include aneurysm surgery in 13 cases, removal of intracerebral hematoma in 11 cases, neoplasm surgery in 2 cases, and so on. Moreover, sonographic examination through bone defect was performed in 3 cases after decompression craniectomy. The instrument used was an ATL (Advanced Technology Laboratories, Bellevue, WA, USA) mechanical sector scanner of which scanhead contained transducers of three frequencies: 3, 5 and 7.5 MHz. The scanhead was wrapped with a sterile rubber bag after acoustic coupling gel had been applied to the head's tip. Then the scanhead was placed on the dura and ultrasonic examination was performed. The result was that the lesion was clearly identified and localized in all cases except for three cases of mild subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition, in the two cases of needle aspiration of cyst or hematoma, the needle was easily identified and needle aspiration was performed safely and accurately. Moreover, during aneurysm surgery, aneurysm itself was detected in two cases by the real-time ultrasonic imaging. Especially, in the case with large aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery, the findings about the aneurysmal wall, that is to say, which part is thick and which part is thin, could be obtained. Prior to the operation of aneurysm, cerebral angiogram and computerized tomographic scan are always examined thoroughly, but information about aneurysmal wall can be rarely obtained by them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗