In this article we are specifically concerned with the familial and socioeconomic factors that contribute to the exceedingly high prevalence rates of drug abuse in African-American children. In addition to detailing the impact of drug abuse in African-American children and their families, we consider how this critical health problem can be prevented using existing knowledge and strategies known to mental health professionals. A model program entitled Project for a Substance Abuse-Free Environment (SAFE) is outlined. Its objectives are to implement: (a) a broad-spectrum family intervention to empower disadvantaged and high-risk families in their communities: (b) a competency-based skills intervention to increase resilience and decrease drug use and other maladaptive behaviors in at-risk children; (c) alternative activities that will promote self-efficacy, achievement, and self-esteem; (d) a culturally-relevant evaluation plan that includes both formative (process) and summative (outcome) evaluation; (e) a comprehensive approach for assessing project impact; (e) systematic procedures for enhancing the maintenance and generalization of gains in participating children and families.

Black or African American↗

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One man's poison.

In an unrandomised uncontrolled study on boats and trains, capsules of flurazepam (30 mg) and temazepam (20 mg), when chewed, but not when swallowed whole (even with the ends pricked), gave a better night's sleep than 'Mandrax' (methaqualone 250 mg/diphenhydramine 50 mg) and a better night's sleep than nitrazepam 7.5 mg.

Capsules↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Views of mixed sex wards: a survey of patients, carers and nurses.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a survey carried out at Wharfedale General Hospital, related to the potential development of mixed sex wards. The survey of patients, carers and ward nurses, carried out in December 1992, demonstrated a general consensus of views on mixed sex ward options, and identified a number of key areas which need to be addressed before both sexes can be nursed satisfactorily on wards which have historically been used for males or females only. The recommendations arising from the survey are now being taken up by the hospital managers for further action.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Creating a high-performance physician group.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Efficiency, Organizational↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolism and distribution of 14C- and 35S-labeled carbon disulfide in immature rats of different ages.

The metabolism and distribution of 14C- and 35S-CS2 was examined in 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats. During a 3-hr period following an ip dose of 14C-CS2, 58-83% of the dose was expired as CS2 and 4-9% was metabolized to expired CO2 depending on age. Thirty- and forty-day-old rats metabolized significantly more CS2 to CO2 and expired significantly less CS2 than 1- through 20-day-old rats. At the end of the measured expiration period, only biotransformation products of CS2, which were in part covalently bound, remained in tissues from rats of all ages. Tissue levels of 35S-CS2-derived radioactivity exceeded levels of 14C-CS2-derived radioactivity indicating that sulfur metabolites free from the carbon atom of CS2 were formed in rats as young as 1 day of age. The 35S-CS2-derived radioactivity per g of tissue and thus 35S covalently bound to tissue protein was significantly higher in 1- through 20-day-old rats than in 30- and 40-day-old rats. Twenty-four hr after dosing, up to 13 times more 35S-labeled metabolites were covalently bound in organs from 1-day-old rats than in similar organs from 40-day-old rats. The results showed that elimination of the biotransformation products of CS2, in particular the covalently binding sulfur metabolites, was prolonged in newborn rats in comparison to 40-day-old rats.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Experiences with introduction of the UNICEF program "10 steps for successful breast feeding"].

UNICEF's program "The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative" launched in 1990 has met with some criticism in various places of Central Europe, since breast-feeding has already reached a high level in these areas. Despite that fact the Hospital Limmattal decided to introduce the program. Although the frequency of breast-feeding had attained over 90% at discharge from our clinic before the program was introduced, it could be further improved after four months. Prior to the introduction of the 10-step initiative, 56% (103) of the mothers had still been fully breast-feeding their babies after four months (82 women had completely or partially weaned their babies, 54 women did not respond). After the introduction the number of fully breast-feeding mothers rose to 61% (129) (83 women had partially or completely weaned their babies, 27 did not respond). Chi-square test: p = 0.01. At present the frequency of breast-feeding at clinical discharge is 97% (92% full breast-feeding); in 83% tea is also fed during childbed (50% thereof with less than the total of 50 ml), 66% of the babies can do without pacifiers, and in 82% the use of the bottle is superfluous. The combination of individual care with the introduction of the 10-step initiative has certainly rendered work in the maternity ward more demanding, but also more satisfactory owing to the staff's improved competence.

Breast Feeding↗