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Biomedical subjects

A Hudson

Publications and source records attributed to A Hudson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cigarette smoking, manifest anxiety and somatic symptoms.

Fifty smokers and fifty non-smokers were administered the MMPI's Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS). Mean MAS scores for smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers. Item analysis revealed that smokers obtained higher scores than non-smokers on significantly more items in which anxiety is manifested by a physical symptom rather than a psychological symptom. It is possible that physical stimulation by nicotine may contribute to a more ready arousal to anxiety in smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nerve allograft response: a quantitative immunological study.

The nerve allograft response between closely and distantly related inbred strains of rats was investigated. Lewis rats (RTl1) and Fischer rats (RTl1) have only minor histocompatibility differences, whereas Buffalo rats (RTlb) and ACI rats (RTla) differ from Lewis rats at the major histocompatibility locus. Lewis rats served as the recipient animals; the other three strains of rats provided donor nerves. The 51 Cr release cytotoxicity assay was used to asses antigen recognition. The results showed sensitization with ACI and Buffalo nerves as early as Day 8. When the donor and recipient were matched (Lewis/Fischer), sensitization occurred very late (Day 80). By contrast, with skin allografts, sensitization occurred early with all strains (Day 10), even when the animals differed only at the minor histocompatibility loci. Histological changes were similar in all three donor strains (Fischer, Buffalo, ACI). The strain of origin of the nerve could not be deduced by an unbiased examiner.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

In vitro release of cholecystokinin octapeptide-like immunoreactivity from rat brain synaptosomes.

Enriched synaptosome fractions prepared by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation of homogenates of rat cortex, striatum, thalamus and hypothalamus contained over 65% of the total immunoreactive cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in each area. A calcium-dependent release of immunoreactive CCK-8 from these fractions in vitro in response to 2 depolarizing stimuli (60 mM KCl and 75 microM veratrine) has been demonstrated. Released CCK-8 immunoreactivity showed parallelism when dilutions were compared with the CCK-8 dose-response curve and eluted similarly to synthetic CCK-8 on Sephadex G-50 superfine chromatography. These results provide further evidence for a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role for CCK-8 in brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Tissue and serum somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in lean and obese Zucker rats.

Tissue and serum somatostatin levels were measured in genetically lean and obese Zucker rats. Immunoreactive somatostatin content was decreased in three central nervous system regions (hypothalamus, septum and preoptic area and thalamus) of obese rats but was increased in cerebral cortex. No differences were observed in antral or colonic somatostatin content but obese animals had significantly elevated pancreatic levels. Portal vein somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in contrast was significantly lower in obese rats. The widespread alterations in tissue and serum somatostatin-like immunoreactivity suggest either a diffuse abnormality of somatostatin physiology or a response to a generalised feature of the obese hyperinsulinaemic state.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Joint laxity and osteoarthrosis: a radiological survey of female physical education specialists.

Three hundred and sixty-four female specialist teachers of physical education who qualified between 1935 and 1950 agreed to have x-rays of the lumbar spine, hips and knees. Fifty-two has osteoarthrosis of the hip, 65 osteoarthrosis of the knee and 221 degenerative change in the spine. Overall osteoarthrosis of the knee was significantly less common than in a comparable sample from the general population (p < 0.001), severe or moderate osteoarthrosis being equally common in both groups but minor in minimal osteoarthrosis being much less common in the teachers. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of osteoarthrosis of the hip between the two populations though severe osteoarthrosis of the hip was slightly more common in the teachers.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Is generalized joint laxity a factor in spondylolisthesis?

A postal questionnaire designed to assess joint laxity was sent to 364 specialist female teachers of physical education who had participated in a radiological survey on the lumbar spine. 295 replied and in this group the prevalence of spondylolisthesis was 4%. Although statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a significant association between generalized joint laxity, measured with a simple scoring system, and radiological spondylolisthesis, spondylolisthesis was found to correlate with known associations of joint laxity such as flat feet. Adults with spondylolisthesis considered themselves more supple in youth than adults without spondylolisthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Peripheral nerve injection injury: an experimental study.

In an attempt to answer questions regarding nerve injection injuries, we injected 11 agents in current use and commonly administered by intramuscular injection into the sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats. Equal volumes of normal saline were used as control. We harvested the sciatic nerves at various times after injection and examined them by both light and electron microscopy. We performed myelinated nerve fiber counts and constructed histograms. Any impairment of motor function was also noted. We gave injections to 79 animals a total of 158 times; 116 injections were directly into the nerve fascicle (intrafascicular) and 42 were into the epineural tissue (extrafascicular). The results revealed considerable variation in the degree of nerve fiber injury according to the agent injected. Minimal damage resulted from the injection of iron-dextran, meperidine, and cephalothin, and maximal nerve injury followed the injection of penicillin, diazepam, and chlorpromazine. The site of injection was crucial. Intrafascicular injection was invariably associated with severe nerve injury, but, with few exceptions, extrafascicular injection resulted in minimal damage. The quantity of drug injected was also important in determining the degree of injury. Large, heavily myelinated fibers were more susceptible to injection injury than smaller, thinly myelinated nerve fibers. The effect of the injected drug seemed to be related to injury of the nerve fiber unit--both the axon and the Schwann cell with its myelin sheath. Regeneration in damaged nerves was a constant finding; even the most severely injured nerves, with total axonal degeneration, underwent subsequent regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Doses to patients from pantomographic and conventional dental radiography.

The increasing popularity of pantographic dental radiography and particularly its recent use for routine screening of asymptomatic patients have prompted the NRPB to compare the risks to patients from this technique with those from more conventional dental diagnostic procedures. Pantographic equipment from seven manufacturers have been investigated along with five procedures for obtaining similar information using conventional dental X-ray sets. Lithium borate thermoluminescent dosimeters located at 141 sites in the head and neck of a Rando phantom have been used to measure the mean absorbed dose to organs of interest as well as the total energy imparted to the phantom. Relative values of the energy imparted by the various techniques provide an estimate of their relative somatic risk to the patient. Pantomographic techniques were generally found to impart less than half the energy to the phantom than that given by a conventional full-mouth periapical series conducted at 45 kV, and a similar amount of energy to four bitewing intra-oral films. The restriction of the frequency of pantomographic examinations to no more than once per year during adolescence and once per three to five years during adulthood has been shown to involve only a minimal increase in the risk of somatic injury to the patient.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

A radiological survey of the hips and knees in female specialist teachers of physical education.

A radiological study of osteoarthrosis of the hips and knees has been performed in 364 female specialist physical education teachers, aged 46--60 years, who qualified between the years 1935 and 1950. The teachers were contacted by postal questionnaire and A.P. radiographs of the pelvis and knees were performed at a hospital in their residential locality. These were then read by two rheumatologists in consultation and graded for osteoarthrosis by comparison with the Atlas of Standard Radiographs. These gradings were compared with those of similarly aged females in the general population obtained in the Leigh and Wensleydale surveys. Moderate and severe osteoarthrosis of the knees was equally common in the teachers and the general population but minimal and mild osteoarthrosis was significantly less common in the teachers (p less than 0.001). Osteoarthrosis of the hips was more common in the teachers than in the population, though not to a statistically significant degree. An association was noted in the teachers between osteoarthrosis of the hips and ossification in the region of the greater trochanter. The results suggest that female physical education teachers are no more prone to the development of premature osteoarthrosis of the hips and knees than is the general population, but there may be a subgroup who, because of excess use of hypermobility of the hip joints, develop osteoarthrosis as a consequence.

Female↗