[Electrooculographic-electromyographic examination of peripheral and central motor disorders of the eye].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Huber.
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A study of 350 newborn girls revealed vaginal (uterine) bleeding in 25,4%, mostly demonstrable only by chemical micro-methods, but also macroscopically visible in 3,3%. This kind of bleeding appears always in the first week, with its highest frequency on the 5th day of life and must be regarded as a physiologic event. Analogous histologic and cytologic controls confirmed these observations, pointing toward the fact that, as a rule, no menstrual withdrawal bleeding, but degenerative, regressional changes upon the endometrium occur. Due to the rapid withdrawal of maternal hormones, nutritive disorders may lead also to diapedesis bleeding. But if any genital bleeding lasts longer than one week or appears for the first time after that period, further diagnostic procedures are essential as a possible pathologic condition may be assumed.
An accurate differential diagnosis of ptosis results if one refers the functional disorders of the levator to the different levels of the motor unit: Muscle, synapsis, peripheral neuron and nucleus. Therefore ptosis can be classified into myogenic, synaptogenic and neurogenic forms. This classification is also based on electromyographic findings from the levator muscle. Myogenic forms of the ptosis are: Senile ptosis, chronic progressive ocular muscle dystrophy, acute exophthalmic myositis and affections of the levator together with general systemic myopathies. Synaptogenic forms of ptosis are: Botulism and myasthenia gravis. Neurogenic forms of ptosis are: Cortical ptosis, ptosis from lesions of the oculomotor nucleus (congenital ptosis, Moebius-syndrome), peripheral oculomotor palsy, ptosis in aberrant third nerve regeneration, sympathetic ptosis (Horner-syndrome), ptosis in cases of paradoxic innervation such as the Duane retraction-syndrome and the Marcus-Gunn-Jaw-Winking-syndrome (ptosis linked with jaw movement). According to the classification in myogenic, synaptogenic and peripheral-neurogenic forms of ptosis, the therapeutic possibilities (medical, surgical etc.) are discussed.
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