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Biomedical subjects

A Huber

Publications and source records attributed to A Huber.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Transsphincteric approach to the rectum.

During a transsphincteric operation the patient is prone with the legs sliahtly abducted and the hip and knee joints flexed at right angles. The pelvic floor is opened by means of a left parasacral incision and, if necessary, the sphincters are divided providing an excellent exposure of the caudal rectum and anal canal. At the end of the procedure the pelvic floor and the sphincters are repaired anatomically so that normal defecation and continence are preserved. 106 surgical interventions on the rectum were performed by the sphincter splitting parasacral approach from January 1974 to June 1985. Very good results were obtained by this technique when applied to benign tumours, fistulas and traumatic lesions. Radical resection of certain very low malignant tumours restricted to the bowel wall as well as lymph node staging are possible by this technique. In the case of recto-sigmoid prolapse, resection of the protruding bowel segment and tightening of a lax pelvic floor are achieved by the parasacral transsphincteric operation. The transsphincteric approach is also a highly suitable technique in the treatment of high fistulae and traumatic lesions. Severe complications are rare assuming accurate preliminaries and surgical skill.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histochemical demonstration of exopeptidases in the rat visceral yolk-sac epithelium.

The localization of exopeptidase activities was demonstrated histochemically (by simultaneous azo coupling) on the visceral endoderm of whole unfixed yolk sacs of rats (12.5-18.5 days of gestation). For comparison, the topochemistry of exopeptidases was studied by conventional section histochemistry of frozen yolk sacs. The study of unfixed visceral yolk-sac epithelium showed that different artificial peptidase substrates (Ala-, Met-, Phe-, Leu-, alpha-Asp-, alpha-Glu-, gamma-Glu, Tyr-, Val-, Ser-, Arg- and Gly-Pro-MNA) are hydrolysed in the apical-cell membranes (membrane-bound peptidases) and, in a number of cells, within the cytoplasmic matrix. Section histochemistry showed that peptidase activities were almost only directed against gamma-Glu- and Gly-Pro-MNA at the cell apices. It is concluded that most of the exopeptidase activities in the apical cell membrane of the visceral yolk-sac epithelium are only demonstrable in unfixed yolk sacs. These activities are of great importance for the supplying of the embryo with amino acids.

Alanine↗
PubMed1985

[Morphologic changes in cervix smears by intrauterine pessary].

656 cervical smears and 74 endocervical biopsies were studied for morphological alterations associated with the presence of an intrauterine device. 12,085 cervical smears served as a control for inflammatory and metaplastic cellular changes. Slight to moderate cellular alterations were found in 202 (31%) out of 656 cases. Metaplastic and inflammatory lesions were identified in 26 (35%) out of 74 endocervical biopsies. We found no increased incidence of dysplastic lesions in women wearing an intrauterine device. Inflammatory and metaplastic cellular alterations have been seen more frequently in women with IUD than in the controls. The duration of time the IUD were in situ, did not have an effect on the cellular alterations. "Actinomyces-like" organisms were described in 38 (6%) out of 656 cases. The cytopathologist may be able to identify an "IUD-related" specimen in about one third of PAP-smears from women with an IUD, when he is aware that cervical smears from women having IUD may present with cellular alterations.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1985

[Ocular myasthenia].

Ocular myasthenia is a special form of general myasthenia gravis characterized by unilateral or bilateral ptosis and eye muscle pareses of distinct variability, depending on the time of day and the state of fatigue of the patient. Most important for diagnosis is the Tensilon test, which can, however, produce negative results. In such cases a combination of the Tensilon test with electromyography is indispensable. In ocular myasthenia there is not always an increase in the antibody titer against acetylcholine receptors in the blood. The treatment of ocular myasthenia is based on the application of cholinesterase inhibitors. The drug of choice is Mestinon; however, the reaction of the eye muscles to this drug is often unsatisfactory. Local application of cholinesterase inhibitors in the form of Eserine, Prostigmin etc. is an additional important therapy. Also in ocular myasthenia the modern treatment with Cortisone (alternate-day therapy with 100 mg Prednisone every second day) has proved very useful. Another possible method of interfering with the immunological systems of myasthenia is immunosuppression with Azathioprin or Cyclophosphamide. The pathognomonic significance of the thymus in the autoimmune process of myasthenia gravis is demonstrated by the good results obtained by thymectomy, which can also be performed successfully in ocular myasthenia, not only in young patients in whom the condition is severe, but also in older patients in whom it is chronic. Often, the therapeutic measures mentioned have to be tested one after another or in combination in order to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1984

[Primary optic nerve meningioma].

Pathognomonic for primary optic nerve meningioma (intraorbital, intracanalicular or intracranial) is the diagnostic triad of progressive deterioration of vision (often over a period of years), primary optic atrophy and optociliary shunts ( Hoyt -Spencer sign) in a patient (frequently women) over 20 years of age. Above all at the beginning, the suspected diagnosis is retrobulbar neuritis. The correct diagnosis is made by computer tomography (enhancement with contrast, coronal sections). The author discusses whether surgical treatment ( orbitotomy or craniotomy) is to be preferred to conservative radiation therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Complement-induced granulocyte adhesion and aggregation are mediated by different factors: evidence for non-equivalence of the two cell functions.

Cell-cell aggregation and cell-substratum adherence, two functional manifestations of granulocytes of potential clinical relevance, are widely considered to result from identical cell membrane alterations. Our study casts doubt on this assumption and defines the complement-derived adhesion-inducing (pectic)/enzyme releasing activity as an entity that is clearly separable from the chemotactic/aggregating activity (C5adesArg). Using selective activators of the alternative and the classical pathway of the complement system, unexpected dissimilarities were observed. Adhesion inducing potency that went in parallel with secondary granule content liberation, and respiratory burst activation (hexose monophosphate shunt activation), was confined to alternate pathway activators, was heat-labile (50 degrees) and could be inhibited by the protease inhibitor di-isopropylfluorophosphate. In contrast, plasma activated with aggregated gamma-globulin or cobra venom factor had no pectic/burst activating capacity but was equally potent in inducing heat- and DFP-resistant chemotactic-aggregating activity. It was further shown that, even in the presence of cytochalasin B, C5adesArg (evoked in whole plasma) does not liberate secondary granule constituents. These findings were corroborated by using highly purified C5adesArg. Our data suggest that the complement system plays a dual role in PMN accumulation at the inflammatory focus: whereas C5adesArg orientates cellular movement toward the site of bacterial invasion, the complement-dependent pexin(s) is mainly involved in confining infections localized by the adhesion-induced trapping of highly reactive cells.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1983

[Ophthalmic artery aneurysms].

True saccular aneurysms of the ophthalmic artery are extremely rare; they may produce severe conduction disorders of the optic nerve by compression or hemorrhage. Carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms, which originate on the medial or superomedial surface of the internal carotid artery at or near the origin of the ophthalmic artery, are much more frequent. This paper describes signs and symptoms as well as modern microsurgical treatment, and reports the results obtained in a group of 33 patients with a total of 40 carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms.

Aneurysm↗