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Biomedical subjects

A Hossain

Publications and source records attributed to A Hossain.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections by a monoclonal antibody direct immunofluorescence test.

A direct immunofluorescence test on 387 clinical specimens from diverse patient populations with varying prevalence rates was evaluated for the rapid diagnosis of chlamydial infections using fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis. Comparative testing with the conventional cell culture indicated an overall agreement of 98.5% between the two tests and a sensitivity of 92.6%, specificity of 98.4% for the direct IF test. In high prevalence settings the direct IF could undoubtedly be used as a suitable alternative for the definitive, rapid diagnosis of chlamydial infections. In low prevalence patient populations involving primarily asymptomatic patients, sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 97.4% being found indicate the potential usefulness of this rapid performed test but with caution in such settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tests for streptolysin-O antibodies in health and suspected streptococcal infections in Saudi Arabia.

'Upper limits of normal' antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titres were determined in various age groups in Saudi Arabia using the conventional haemolysin and the newer, passive agglutination (Blue-ASO) tests. The upper limit of normal values were found to vary with age, being the highest (166 Todd units or 1:320) among the school age children. Serum samples from 744 patients with various clinical manifestations associated with streptococcal infections such as rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis were tested by both methods, with the geometric mean titres (GMT) being determined in each age group. In case of school age children with suspected rheumatic fever, and found positive by the tests, a GMT of 458 Todd units (1:1080) was obtained--much higher than the ASO levels detected in positives with glomerulonephritis or tonsillitis. Apart from its relative simplicity, rapidity and ease of performance, the Blue-ASO test was able to detect positivity in 15% of sera from patients of various age groups with suspected rheumatic fever, polyarthritis and tonsillitis who exhibited insignificant levels of ASO by the haemolysin test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of a fatal transplantable erythroleukemia by procedures that lower endogenous erythropoietin.

The in vitro growth of primary erythroleukemia cells has been examined in the presence and absence of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO). Although these leukemic cells had previously been considered to be hormone-independent, addition of EPO was found to be essential for maximum growth in culture. Erythroid colonies that grew in the presence of EPO were leukemogenic when returned to mice. Influence of EPO on the in vivo growth of leukemic cells was indicated by our findings that administration of the hormone caused a more severe leukemia and rapid death, and transfusion of red blood cells, which lowers endogenous EPO, led to decreased spleen size and increased survival of leukemic mice. We suggest from our results that hormone-associated therapy might be efficacious in the treatment of this and, perhaps, other leukemias.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Serological tests for syphilis in Saudi Arabia.

A total of 6684 sera were initially screened for syphilis by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA). Reactive sera from either or both these tests were tested for confirmation by the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS) test. VDRL biological false positive reactors were detected in 0.5% of the total sera examined, with 0.4% and 0.8%, respectively, obtained in pregnant women and blood donors. Eight sera (0.1%) were found to be positive in the TPHA test alone. An overall positivity of 2.7% for syphilis was detected, with a 0.85% positivity in antenatal patients. Infection with T pallidum seemed to be more common in men than in women (1.6:1) and predominated in the age group 20-39 years. Serological testing of sera from 26 mother and infant pairs allowed one case of congenital syphilis to be detected by FTA-ABS (IgM) and identified VDRL biological false positivity in seven infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The intestinal loops of bluegill fish, Lepomis macrochirus.

The structural configurations of the intestinal loops of bluegill fish (Lepomis macrochirus) and a correlation of their probable functional significance have been investigated. The bluegill fish accommodates its relatively large intestine in its smaller body cavity by developing two intestinal loops. Regional variations in the intestinal wall exist due to the presence of the intestinal loops. The structural complexity of the intestine by loop formation has apparently created a problem by posing an obstruction as well as deviation to the smooth flow of food. In order to solve this problem structural modifications in the walls of the intestinal loops are needed, as is observed by the variation in muscle thickness of greater and lesser curvature of both the intestinal loops.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence and subtype of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the Saudi population.

Prevalence of HBsAg was studied in 5467 Saudi Arabians (2588 males, 2879 females) of various age groups from the Riyadh area, Central Province. Prevalence was found to be almost the same (6.3%-6.7%) in children less than 3 years of age in both sexes and reached its peak in the 10-14 years old for males (7.8%) and in the 3-9 years old for females (5.3%). The overall prevalence rate in males (5.2%) was significantly higher than that in Saudi females (3.7%); p less than 0.025. The predominant subtype in the Saudi population is ay (91%). Prevalence of HBsAg in 2140 Saudi blood donors was compared with that in 580 Filipino, 677 West European and 286 Yemeni blood donors. Prevalence was highest among Filippino males (12.1%) and lowest among West Europeans (0.4%). Prevalence among male Saudi blood donors was close to that among Yemeni blood donors (4.9%). In all three groups prevalence of HBsAg was higher in males than in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The Indirect Haemagglutination (IHA) test was used routinely for the diagnosis of hydatid disease in patients at the King Abdul Aziz and King Khalid University Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Among 52 patients with suspected human hydatid disease, 30 positive cases were detected by means of serodiagnosis. As a control group, the level of hydatid IHA antibodies were determined in blood donors and in patients with no history of human hydatid disease. The serological results obtained in this control group showed that 70% had no hydatid IHA antibodies whereas 25% had antibody titres of 1:4 to 1:8, which are of no clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Serological diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.

A total of 193 serum samples from patients with clinical presentations suggestive of mycoplasma pneumoniae infections were investigated by complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA); these included 40 (paired) sera of 20 acute and convalescing patients. A possible correlation between the clinical findings and serologic detection of antibody to M. pneumoniae in comparison to a healthy group of the same age was studied. Comparative testing showed that a rise in antibody titre to M. pneumoniae was detected earlier by the IHA test and the clinical findings correlated reasonably well with an increased antibody titre. The IHA test in view of ts simplicity, rapidity as well as easy of performance and relative sensitivity in the early detection of antibody to M. pneumoniae is a useful adjunct to the well established CF test for the routine serodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Ear, nose and throat diseases in Saudi Arabia. Microbiology and clinical observations.

Clinical specimens from 243 patients attending the ENT clinics at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were investigated for the pathogens attributing to otitis media and tonsillitis. In children as well as in adults with otitis media, the main bacterial causative organisms were Staph, aureus and Ps. aeruginosa; Asp. flavus was detected in 1% and 4% of adult and children cases of otitis media. In tonsillitis H. influenzae, Strept. pneumoniae, Staph. aureus, Strept. gr. A were isolated in only 18% of the children and Strept. pneumoniae, Strept. gr A in 16% of adults. A possible involvement of viruses in tonsillitis is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen in Saudi Arabia.

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in 3020 pregnant Saudi women. All the sera of 119 (3.9%) HBsAg-positive asymptomatic carrier mothers were titrated for HBsAg and investigated for hepatitis Be antigen (e-Ag) and its antibody (anti-e-Ag). Only 13 (10.9%) of the carrier mothers were e-Ag-positive compared with 89 (74.8%) who had anti-e-Ag. There was a positive correlation between the titres of HBsAg and the presence of e-Ag. Studies on 49 mother-child pairs revealed that vertical transmission occurred from six of seven carrier mothers (85.7%) who were e-Ag positive compared with two of 32 mothers (6.25%) who were e-Ag negative but had anti-e-Ag. On the basis of these results, the low prevalence of e-Ag in asymptomatic Saudi mothers contrasts markedly with the situation in asymptomatic carrier mothers from the Orient, but its presence, as shown by other studies, is a good predictor of vertical transmission.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1983

Sequence homology between human reoviruses.

The extent of homology between the human reoviruses type 1, 2 and 3 have been studied by hybridization technique. The results suggest that the three types share substantial homologies in the large (L) segments and very little in the medium (M) and small (S) segments.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Assignment of reovirus mutant group 'G' to its genomic segment.

Temperature sensitive (ts+) recombinants between the UV-inactivated reovirus type 1 and the group G ts mutant of reovirus type 3 were obtained using a cross-reactivation technique. Analysis of the dsRNA of recombinant clones in PAGE allowed a preliminary mapping of the ts mutation into its genomic S3 segment. This was confirmed by the hybridization test.

Genes, Viral↗