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Biomedical subjects

A Hosoyamada

Publications and source records attributed to A Hosoyamada.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effects of anesthesia on the metabolic response during pelvic surgery].

Dividing anesthesia for gynecological laparotomy into nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane (GOF) anesthesia (group A), nitrous oxide-oxygen (GO) plus ketamine anesthesia (group B) and GOF plus epidural anesthesia (group C), we studied effects of each anesthesia on circulatory and metabolic systems. During the operation, influence on the heart rate was slight in three groups, while systolic pressure decreased significantly in group C. The lactic acid in the blood was elevated in three groups, but the elevation was least in group C. The elevation of lactic acid pyruvic acid ratio (L/P) was less in group C. The blood glucose level was elevated significantly in three groups, and it was highest in group A. On the other hand NEFA was elevated significantly in group A, while no change was noted in group B, and decreasing was noted in group C. The results indicate that no large influence of each anesthesia on the metabolic system was noted in group A and B, and its influence was the least in group C.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and metabolic systems under induced total spinal block].

Total spinal block was induced by 2% lidocaine in adult mongrel dogs, and its influence on the respiratory, circulatory, endocrine and metabolic systems was studied. HR, MAP, CI and LV dp/dt max during total spinal block decreased significantly compared with those during the control period. The blood gas, Qs/Qt and ETVI were hardly influenced by total spinal block. Regarding the endocrine and metabolic systems, plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly elevated by total spinal block, while plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels showed no changes. Blood levels of lactic acid, pyruvic acid and blood sugar were not influenced by total spinal block.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1991

[Hemodynamic effects of endothelin in anesthetized dogs].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the hemodynamic responses that can be elicited in anesthetized dogs by intravenous administration of endothelin at rates of 300 (group E-I, n = 9) and 600 pmol.kg-1 (group E-II, n = 9) for 15 minutes. In group E-I, no significant pressure response was observed after administration of endothelin and cardiac index remained unchanged throughout the experiment. However, right and left ventricular work indices increased significantly but left ventricular maximum dp/dt and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly. In group E-II, mean arterial pressure increased significantly by elevating systemic vascular resistance with marked decrease in cardiac index. However, right and left ventricular work indices remained unchanged throughout the experiment. On the other hand, each dose of endothelin significantly increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure but decreased heart rate. The present data revealed that the hemodynamic effects were different according to the doses of endothelin infused. In conclusion, our results show that endothelin (600 pmol.kg-1 BW) produces a long lasting increase in arterial pressure and endothelin-induced pressure responses are caused by an elevation in systemic vascular resistance.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of IVH and oral intake concerning the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC)].

We compared IVH with oral intake concerning the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC), using PPC score, in which the higher the score, pulmonary function is the worse. PPC score in IVH-group was higher than that in oral-group. Although it has been suspected that, on PPC score, long term IVH-group had the disorder of small airway functioning, the PPC in their group was not always high. In particular, among high score patients whose score was above 12 points in both groups, the PPC in IVH-group (30.4%) was lower than that in oral-group (60.0%). When we use PPC score, we should consider the difference in nutritional intake.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[A comparison of the endocrine effects of hypotension induced by nicardipine with those by sodium nitroprusside in dogs].

Plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and plasma cortisol during hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside and nicardipine were studied in 27 mongrel dogs under 0.87% halothane in oxygen. They were randomly divided into three groups: sodium nitroprusside (group S: n = 8), nicardipine (group N: n = 8) and controls (group C: n = 9). Group C received no vasodilator therapy and served as a control. Mean arterial pressure was reduced and maintained at 60 mmHg for 60 minutes in hypotensive groups. No changes were noted in plasma catecholamines and plasma cortisol in group C throughout the experiment, but plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone decreased progressively. During hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside and nicardipine, plasma epinephrine was significantly higher than the control value. However, after the hypotensive drugs were discontinued, plasma epinephrine decreased slightly. During and after induced hypotension, plasma renin activity of group N and group S were significantly higher than the control values. The highest levels of plasma renin activity 36.7 ng.ml-1.hr-1 in group N and 23.2 ng.ml-1.hr-1 in group S were observed. Plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly higher than the control value in group N. The maximum increase occurred 30 minutes after discontinuation of the nicardipine and the highest concentration of plasma aldosterone was three times control value. In contrast, in group S, plasma aldosterone was unchanged from the control value. Plasma cortisol concentration of group N was significantly increased than the control value. However, in group S, plasma cortisol concentration showed a slight but not significant increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of dopamine and dobutamine for use in circulatory depression associated with induced total spinal block].

We carried out total spinal block (T.S.B.) in adult mongrel dogs with 0.5 ml.kg-1 of 2% lidocaine, and compared the effects of dopamine (DOA) and dobutamine (DOB) to correct the circulatory depression produced by T.S.B. HR, MAP, LV dp/dt max. and CI decreased significantly by T.S.B. under continuous infusion of 2.5 mcg.kg-1.min-1 of both DOA and DOB. During DOA infusion these circulatory values decreased significantly compared with those of control period, while during DOB infusion they were unchanged. MAP, LV dp/dt max. and CI decreased significantly by T.S.B. under 5 mcg.kg-1.min-1 of DOA infusion, while influence was hardly observed by T.S.B. under DOB infusion. From the results, it is concluded that DOB is more effective than DOA to correct the circulatory depression by T.S.B., and in order to correct it more than 5 mcg.kg-1.min-1 of DOA and approx. 2.5 mcg.kg-.min-1 of DOB are necessary.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical investigation of the laryngeal mask airway].

The size 2, 3 and 4 laryngeal masks (LM) were used in 50 patients having various types of clinical anesthesia. We measured the airway pressure at which gas leak occurred during the use of the LM. We compared the time taken to obtain clear airway, when patients were receiving 4.5 or 6 l.min-1 fresh flow by anesthetic machines. We compared the changes of SpO2, heart rate (HR) and arterial pressure (AP) at the time of insertion of the LM during the tracheal intubation. The LM could be successfully inserted in all the patients. Even if the head position was changed, there was no significant change in the leak pressure on each LM size. In both children and adult, the time interval taken to obtain clear airway by the LM was two-thirds of the time necessary during the tracheal intubation. While the LM or the endotracheal tube was inserted, delta SpO2 and delta HR in children, and delta AP in adult were much smaller in the LM group than in the endotracheal tube group. We conclude that the LM is very useful in the clinical anesthesia, and the LM gives less influence to cardiopulmonary system compared with tracheal intubation while offering clear airway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in systemic circulation under induced total spinal block and choice of vasopressors].

Total spinal block by using 2% lidocaine 0.5 ml.kg-1 (10.0 mg.kg-1) was carried out in adult mongrel dogs. The effects of atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1, isoproterenol 0.5 mcg.kg-1, methoxamine 0.1 mg.kg-1 and ephedrine 0.5 mg.kg-1 to counteract circulatory changes by total spinal block were studied. Atropine did not exert any marked influence on circulatory system. Isoproterenol elevated HR, LV dp/dt max and CI temporarily, but did not decrease MAP and SVR. Methoxamine elevated MAP and SVR, but decreased CI. Ephedrine is a drug of choice for this situation because it elevated HR, MAP, LV dp/dt max and SVR.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1990

[Hemodynamic features of hypotension induced by nicardipine in dogs].

Hemodynamic features of hypotension induced by nicardipine were studied in 18 mongrel dogs under 0.87% halothane in oxygen (1MAC). They were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Group C received no vasodilator therapy and served as control and group N received infusion of nicardipine. Mean arterial pressure decreased and was maintained at 60 mmHg for 60 minutes in group N. No change was noted in hemodynamic variables measured in group C throughout the experiment. During and after induced hypotension in group N, cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), central venous pressure (CVP), and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) increased significantly compared with the control values. On the other hand, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was significantly reduced, reaching 25% of the control value at the end of hypotension period. Heart rate showed a progressive increase but not significantly. Left ventricular maximum dp/dt showed a moderate increase during hypotension, but then decreased gradually to the control value after induced hypotension. Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) and pulmonary vascular resistant (PVR) were unchanged from the control value during and after induced hypotension. The data indicate that nicardipine is a potent systemic vasodilator with hyperdynamic hemodynamic effects in addition to significant increase in right ventricular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of CO2 absorbent shape on its functioning time].

A comparative investigation into the functioning time of three brands of CO2 absorbents was performed. The three investigated brands were: Viosorb, Wakolime, and Wakolime-A. In this study PICO2 was measured to know the drug's functioning time and CO2 elimination from the model lung fixed at 200 or 300 ml.min-1. PICO2 was less than 1 mmHg for 34 to 55 hours at VCO2 of 200 ml. min-1 and for 32 to 48 hours at VCO2 of 300 ml.min-1. PICO2 increased exponentially in all CO2 absorbents. There were statistically significant relation between PICO2 and time. The CO2 absorbent whose shape is tablet has the longest functioning time because it could be placed smoothly in the canister. It is concluded that the shape of CO2 absorbent plays a role in determining its functioning time.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of epidural anesthesia on the function of hormonal regulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis].

To evaluate the effects of epidural anesthesia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, we examined the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T). The effects of epidural anesthesia on plasma levels of LH, FSH and T were investigated in 8 men aged from 64 to 87 years, suffering from untreated prostate cancer. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of LH, FSH or T between patients under epidural anesthesia and patients under no anesthesia. The effects of epidural anesthesia on plasma levels of LH, FSH and T after LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) administration were studied in 10 men between 65 and 84 years with diagnoses of untreated prostate cancer. Plasma LH and FSH levels increased significantly after LH-RH administration under epidural anesthesia or no anesthesia. Plasma LH and FSH were lower under epidural anesthesia than under no anesthesia. No change in plasma T level was observed after LH-RH administration under epidural anesthesia. We conclude that there is no effect of epidural anesthesia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Endocrine effects of hypotension induced by nicardipine in rabbits].

Endocrine effects of hypotension induced by nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, were studied in 18 male rabbits under halothane anesthesia. They were randomly divided into two groups; nicardipine (group N; n = 10) and controls (group C; n = 8). No change was noted in plasma catecholamines in group C throughout the experiment, but plasma renin activity decreased progressively. During and after induced hypotension, in group N, plasma epinephrine was significantly higher than the control value. The highest level of plasma epinephrine was seven times of the control value during 30 minutes after induction of hypotension. Plasma norepinephrine of group N was significantly higher than the controls. The maximum increase occurred 60 minutes after induction of hypotension. Plasma renin activity of group N was significantly higher than the control value. Compared with the control value (15.1 +/- 1.8 ng.ml-1.hr-1), plasma renin activity was activated 30 and 60 minutes after induction of hypotension (55.5 +/- 6.0 ng.ml-1.hr-1, P less than 0.001, 50.3 +/- 7.1 ng.ml-1.hr-1, P less than 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, our data show that hypotension by nicardipine activates the renin-angiotensin-sympathetic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in systemic circulation and organ blood flow during induced total spinal block].

Total spinal block with lidocaine was performed in adult mongrel dogs, and circulatory changes or changes in organ blood flow were investigated. Dogs were divided into group A (5.1 mg.kg-1) and group B (10.0 mg.kg-1) according to the dose of lidocaine. During total spinal block, HR (79% and 78%), MAP (64% and 69%), LV dp/dt max (58% and 49%) and CI (67% and 67%) decreased significantly compared with the control values in groups A and B respectively. However, SVR was unchanged. The circulatory change occurred more rapidly in group B. Organ blood flow was measured in group A. Blood flow was measured in four areas during total spinal block. It was significantly decreased at liver and slightly decreased at cerebral cortex and medullary substance. However, renal cortex blood flow was not altered.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗