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Biomedical subjects

A Hosaka

Publications and source records attributed to A Hosaka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Water intoxication in asthma assessed by urinary arginine vasopressin.

A 3-year-old girl with status asthmaticus developed a grand mal seizure in association with hyponatraemia after 16 h of fluid therapy. Urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) was elevated during the attack and rose strikingly before the onset of the convulsion. In 13 of 17 other patients with moderately severe asthmatic attacks, increases in urinary AVP levels occurred before the initiation of treatment. Dilutional hyponatraemia (water intoxication) must be prevented in patients with severe asthmatic attacks in whom diuretic capacity is impaired.

Arginine Vasopressin↗
PubMed1988

Population studies--myopia experience in Japan.

From Japanese population studies the following is summarized: 1) The refractive condition in each person is mainly determined by the axial length. 2) The axial length of the eye depends mainly on the length of vitreous cavity. 3) The anterior part of the eye, that is from the corneal surface to the posterior surface of the lens, may differ from individual to individual. 4) However, the differences found are rather small, and anterior segment axial distances do not play an important role regarding refractive value.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1988

Permeability of the blood-retinal barrier in myopia. An analysis employing vitreous fluorophotometry and computer simulation.

Vitreous fluorophotometry was performed in 165 eyes of 93 cases with various degrees of myopia. The age range was 10-39 years. On background of the significant correlation between the refractive diopter value and the length of vitreous cavity, a simulation model for myopia has been established for assessing the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier. Significant negative correlations between the diopter and P-in and the diopter and D-p were found, indicating that by increasing degree of myopia, the functional disorder of the blood-retinal barrier and the liquefaction of the posterior vitreous gel progress. From the comparative study between eyes with slight myopia and eyes with emmetropia, a significant increase in the length of the vitreous cavity and P-in was found in the former, whereas no significant difference was observed in D-p. Therefore, it is suggested that the functional disorder of the blood-retinal barrier in myopia produces the liquefaction of the posterior vitreous gel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Myopia prevention and therapy. The role of pharmaceutical agents. Japanese studies.

In order to normalize the condition of pseudomyopia, the following can be summarized: One percent cyclopentolate was effective in 63%, and 0.4% tropicamide was effective in 59% of the cases. With a value of 68% after labetalol eye drops there were no significant differences in efficacy between this drug and the above cycloplegics. In subjects treated only with placebo, 4 out of 16 eyes, i.e. 25% were relieved. A significant difference (P less than 0.01) was found between the results with the above 3 drugs and placebo. On the other hand, the efficacy of 0.25% timolol (effect in 28%) and chemical X (effect in 37%) were not significantly different from the effect of placebo, though the results with chemical X encourage further trials. It can be postulated that by releasing an abnormal tension cycloplegics reduce the myopic condition. Regarding the hypotensive action of beta-adrenergic blockers on intraocular pressure, it presumably depends mainly on inhibition of secretion in the ciliary body. The fact that labetalol appeared effective, and timolol not, in treatment trials of slight myopia might imply that the mechanism behind an effect of labetalol on slight myopia is not merely a beta-adrenergic blocking action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of bioavailability for phenytoin products prepared by wet granulation in normal subjects and epileptic patients.

A 20% phenytoin (PHT) plain mixture with excipients (20%PM) and three PHT products prepared by wet granulation, which are 20% fine granule (20%FG), 99% air-dried fine granule (99%FG-A) and 99% freeze-dried fine granule (99%FG-F), were prepared. The extents of PHT absorption from these products and the Aleviatin Fine Granules (97%FG) prepared with microcrystalline PHT powder were compared with those from commercially available PHT powder (Aleviatin) and tablet (Hydantol Tablet 25 mg), which are of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan grade, in healthy adult volunteers. In single dose study, the extents of PHT absorption from the powder, 20%PM, 20FG, 99%FG-A, 99%FG-F, 97%FG and tablet were 89.7, 92.2, 99.0, 96.7, 99.1, 99.1 and 99.3%, respectively. The property of almost complete absorption of PHT from the product was shown in the 20%FG, 99%FG-F and 97%FG similar to the tablet. In multiple dose study, the minimum and the average estimated free concentrations of PHT at steady-state for 99%FG-F and 97%FG were nearly equal to those for the tablet, and were higher than those for the powder. In epileptic patients, the plasma PHT concentrations were increased when dosage form was changed from the powder to 99%FG-F. However, the plasma PHT concentrations were scarcely altered when dosage form was changed from the tablet to 99%FG-F. The change in dosage forms from the tablet to 99%FG-F and 97%FG or opposite direction can be done without causing toxicity in epileptic patients, so long as these products are used at the same amounts as PHT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hypotensive effect of labetalol on intraocular pressure in rabbits: in relation to its alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking action on the cardiovascular system.

Rabbits anesthetized with urethane were used. Labetalol was found to be about 3.7 times less potent than phentolamine in blocking phenylephrine-induced vasopressor response, and about 7.6 times less potent than propranolol in blocking isoproterenol-induced vasodepressor response. Labetalol (0.3, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased both intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) significantly, and also decreased IOP/BP ratio. Propranolol (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced both IOP and BP slightly without affecting the IOP/BP ratio. Phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced both IOP and BP significantly, but it did not alter the IOP/BP ratio. When both propranolol (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) were injected at the same time, IOP and BP were reduced with a decrease in IOP/BP ratio. These findings suggest that labetalol is effective in decreasing the IOP, although the mechanism of the drug action cannot be explained simply by alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy as a natural model of childhood epilepsy.

Fukuyama type Congenital Muscular Dystrophy, inherited autosomal-recessively, is characterized by muscular dystrophy associated with severe mental retardation and epileptic convulsions. By examining 56 cases, followed for more than three years, 75 EEG records from 40 patients and visual evoked potentials from 11 patients with reference to autopsied materials, the authors aimed at clarifying the causative relationship between congenital central nervous system (CNS) lesions and childhood epilepsy. In 36 out of 56 cases diffuse epileptic seizures were observed with onset at 1.64 +/- 1.01 years average. In 32/36 cases seizures developed before 3 years of age. In 51/75 EEGs focal paroxysmal discharges (FPD), fronto-contro-parietal in younger and centro-occipital in older cases, were observed. Abnormal basic activities (ABA), diffuse-alpha-activity and/or abundant or extreme spindles, were observed more often in older than younger cases. The incidence of FPD was similar between convulsive and non-convulsive cases, but ABA predominated in the former, VEP revealed abnormal findings in 64% of 11 cases examined. Of the CNS pathology, consisting of cerebral and cerebellar gyral abnormalities and a hypoplastic corticospinal tract, the gyral lesions (verrucous polymicrogyria with adhesions of adjacent gyri and cellular disarrangement) were thought to be lesions causing epilepsy. Cortical nonprogressive gyral lesions occurring around the second trimester could cause FPD and clinical diffuse epileptic seizures develop with other factors concerned with ABA.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗