The presence of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity (VP-IR) in the rabbit eye was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay. Trigeminal nerve denervation resulted in a significant and selective decrease in the levels of VP-IR in the iris sphincter muscle and the cornea. The isolated iris sphincter muscle contracted in response to low concentrations of [Arg8]vasopressin (AVP) and related peptides. The V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, potently inhibited the contractile responses to AVP. AVP was found to induce an increase in the accumulation of inositol phosphates in the iris sphincter muscle but not in the dilator/ciliary body preparation in vitro. The present investigation demonstrates the presence of VP-IR in the rabbit eye and that this substance may be another sensory nerve-derived mediator acting on specific target sites in the anterior uvea.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Management of postoperative pain in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery.

The aim of this study was to document how postoperative pain in children is managed routinely at a ward for orthopaedic surgery and to evaluate whether the treatment used is adequate. Children aged 6 to 14 years undergoing elective osteotomy at lower extremities were eligible. Information describing analgesic use preoperatively, perioperatively, and postoperatively for the first 3 days was collected. A direct self-reporting method was used to assess the children's experience of pain. Twenty-three children participated in the study. All children received analgesic treatment consisting of a central- and a peripheral-acting drug. As-needed administration was most common, and administered doses were often below the recommended doses. Of the children, 70% reported the experience of at least one episode of pain, and 26% experienced the worst pain they could imagine. It is still necessary to improve the care and efforts put into pain management.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D of human serum--activity modulation by naturally occurring amphiphiles.

The enzymatic properties of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.50) were characterized using a 6,000-fold purified enzyme. This was obtained in 100 microg amounts from human serum with a recovery of 35%. Pure alkaline phosphatase containing one anchor moiety per molecule was used as substrate. The enzyme is stimulated by n-butanol, but in contrast to other phospholipases this activation is not produced by a transphosphatidylation reaction. The previously reported non-linearity of the specific activity with respect to phospholipase concentration in the test was no longer observed upon purification, indicating inhibitor removal. The serum inhibitor(s) co-chromatograph with serum proteins and lipoproteins. The main part of the inhibitory activity was found in the lipid fraction after protein denaturation and can be subfractionated into acid phospholipids, cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerides. Added phosphatidyl-serine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, gangliosides, cholesteryl esters, and sphingomyelins turned out to be strong inhibitors, as well as phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidylethanolamine and various monoacylglycerols were found to be activators. The low glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase activity found in native serum did not increase significantly upon 90% removal of phospholipids by n-butanol. High serum concentrations of strongly inhibiting compounds, complex kinetic interactions among aggregates of these substances, and compartmentalization effects are discussed as possible reasons for the observed inactivity.

1-Butanol↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Local and systemic immune responses to food antigens in neonates and infants.

Normal newborns regularly form circulating antibodies to milk proteins by 10 to 14 days of life. Concentrations of these antibodies are influenced by gestational age but not by passive maternal antibody. Secretory antibodies of the IgA and IgM-isotype directed against casein and beta-lactoglobulin are present in the saliva of normal neonates. SIgA-anti-casein is higher in saliva of newborns at risk to develop atopic disease.

Antibody Formation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cholecystectomy improves long-term success after endoscopic treatment of CBD stones.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim was to study prospectively primary endoscopic treatment of CBD stones and further the long-term need for renewed gallstone disease interventions, defined as short- and long-term outcome. METHODOLOGY: Seven years prospective follow-up of 101 consecutive patients with CBD stones who underwent endoscopic treatment with the intent of primarily achieving duct clearance. RESULTS: Many patients underwent several endoscopy sessions before stone clearance was completed in 83%. Eleven patients were treated surgically, 2 patients received a permanent stent, and the remaining 3 became stone free with other means. Complications occurred in 47 patients. During follow-up, 31 patients were readmitted for gallstone disease and 15 of these had recurrent CBD stones. Ten percent (8/78) of patients with the gallbladder in situ had acute cholecystitis during follow-up and late cholecystectomy was carried out in 22%. Risk factors for new gallstone disease were an in situ gallbladder containing stones and previous episodes of CBD stones. CONCLUSIONS: A goal of complete CBD stone clearance with ERC and ES proved to be relatively resource consuming. Subsequent cholecystectomy after duct clearance for CBD should be advised when the gallbladder lodges gallstones, especially in younger patients. Recurrent CBD stones were not influenced by cholecystectomy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparation of the dentition in the Edgewise technic: clinical research].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of animal proteins and the role of applied genetics].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radial or brachial artery injections for intraarterial regional anesthesia for hand surgery?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal injection site for the intraarterial regional anesthesia for hand surgery. METHODS: Forty-two adult patients undergoing elective hand surgery were studied. 0.5% lidocaine plain 1.5 mg/kg was injected over 3 minutes into the radial artery (group 1), or the brachial artery (group 2) through a 22 or 20 gauge Teflon catheter. RESULTS: Two patients (one in each group) were excluded due to technical problems. Onset of analgesia in the hand was faster after radial artery injection (P < .05). Onset of analgesia in the forearm was similar in both groups. Catheterization time, operating conditions, motor block, offset of analgesia, injection, surgical and tourniquet pain scores, and patient's acceptance were similar. Ten patients in group 1 and nine patients in group 2 needed supplemental analgesia at the start of surgery. Median nerve paresthesias were unintentionally elicited during catheterization in three patients in group 2. Six patients (two in group 1 and four in group 2) had minor systemic adverse effects after tourniquet release. Seven patients in group 1 and five in group 2 developed minor bruises after catheterization. No permanent sequelae of injections were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Radial artery is preferred for intraarterial regional anesthesia. Compared with the brachial artery, injection in the radial artery produces faster analgesia in the hand and reduces the risk of damage to the median nerve.

Adolescent↗