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Biomedical subjects

A Horiuchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Horiuchi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Randomized trial of combination antibiotic therapy in patients with hematological disorders. Hanshin Study Group of Hematopoietic Disorders and Infection.

A 3 arm prospective randomized trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of aztreonam (AZT) + clindamycin (CLDM), amikacin (AMK) + AZT and CLDM + AMK as antibiotic therapy for fever in patients with hematological disorders. Between July 1987 and June 1988, one hundred and sixty of the 199 febrile episodes entered in this study were evaluated for response. Underlying diseases were hematological malignancies in 88.8% of the subjects, and there was no statistically significant differences in incidences of the diseases among the 3 groups. Efficacy rates were 64.2% in the AZT + CLDM group, 52.8% in the AMK + AZT group and 35.2% in the CLDM + AMK group. Efficacy rates in those with neutrophil counts was less than 500/microliters before starting the antibiotics were 53.3%, 43.8% and 25.0%, respectively, in the 3 groups. The combination of AZT + CLDM was found to be the most effective even in the treatment of infections associated with febrile neutropenic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic coma after aortic valve replacement].

A 56-year-old man without a past history of diabetes mellitus underwent aortic valve replacement. On the 8th postoperative day, the patient became confused with a peak blood glucose level of 600 mg/dl and peak serum osmolarity level of 411 mOsm/l, without ketotic urine. The diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic coma (HHNKC) was made, and the patient was immediately treated with massive infusion of 0.45% saline water and continuous insulin administration, and the patient could completely recover. It is important to prevent and keep in mind the complication of HHNKC for the postoperative care after open heart surgery.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1990

[Myelodysplastic syndrome with chromosomal abnormality of t(11;21) (q23;q22)].

A 33-year-old woman was hospitalized because of bleeding tendency. Hemoglobin was 10.7 g/dl, white blood cell 2,100/microliters and platelet 2.1 X 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow showed marked dysplasia of trilineage blood cells. Atypical blasts and monocytoid cells accounted for 14.5% in the myelogram. Cytogenetic study of bone marrow cells revealed translocation with t(11;21) in all of 20 metaphasic cells analyzed by G-banding method. A diagnosis of RAEB was made. Familial survey revealed that her elder brother died of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL). The patient received small dose therapy of Ara-C and BHAC-DMP therapy, but a remission was not obtained. The patient's general condition deteriorated with infection, bleeding tendency and chronic hepatitis due to transfusions, therefore we have followed up the patient with prednisolone and red blood cell transfusion. It has become evident that some types of acute leukemia with monocytic features have a cytogenetic change at 11 q 23. But it is rare that RAEB with increased monocytoid cells has a cytogenetic change at 11q23. In addition, the patient's elder brother died of AMoL. This case is important in relation to cytogenetic change at 11q23 and hematopoietic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of combination therapy with aspoxicillin and ceftazidime for severe infections complicating hematological disorders].

Clinical effects of a combination therapy using aspoxicillin (ASPC) and ceftazidime (CAZ) were investigated in 88 patients with severe infections which were complicating hematological disorders. ASPC and CAZ were administered intravenously at daily doses of 8 g and 4 to 6 g, respectively, in 2 to 4 divided doses for at least 3 days. The treatment was markedly effective in 20 cases; effective in 31; fairly effective in 4; and ineffective in 33 cases. Seventy-seven patients with whom detailed data were obtained showed an efficacy rate of 63.6%. Bacteria were detected in 9 patients, from whom 10 strains were isolated. The results of bacteriological effects were: 3 strains disappeared, 1 decreased, 3 unchanged, and 3 unclear. The bacteriological eradication rate was 42.9%. Of the detected 10 strains, 3 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with 2 of the 3 strains eradicated and 1 decreased. An evaluation of the relationship between clinical efficacies and neutrophil counts before and after the ASPC-CAZ combination therapy showed that the patients with 500/mm3 or higher neutrophil counts before the therapy or those with increased neutrophils after the therapy tended to be more responsive to the therapy. Side effects were observed in 4 patients, but all of them disappeared upon discontinuation of the therapy. The combination therapy with ASPC and CAZ appears to be useful for the treatment of severe infections complicating hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Factors related to prognosis and relapse in acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemias (M4 and M5)].

To analyse the factors which were related to prognosis at first examination and early diagnosis of relapse in complete remission phase, 26 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) and acute monocytic leukemia (M5) were investigated. There was a tight relationship between age and remission rate in patients with M4 and M5. Six of M4 with eosinophilia (M4Eo) patients revealed 83.3% as remission rate with good prognosis in the survival curve. LDH level of them was lower than other patients significantly. In order to diagnose relapse before clinical manifestations, it was useful to follow up number of mature monocytes (over 600/microliters) in the peripheral blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Synapsins: mosaics of shared and individual domains in a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins.

Synapsins are neuronal phosphoproteins that coat synaptic vesicles, bind to the cytoskeleton, and are believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Molecular cloning reveals that the synapsins comprise a family of four homologous proteins whose messenger RNA's are generated by differential splicing of transcripts from two genes. Each synapsin is a mosaic composed of homologous amino-terminal domains common to all synapsins and different combinations of distinct carboxyl-terminal domains. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrate that all four synapsins are widely distributed in nerve terminals, but that their relative amounts vary among different kinds of synapses. The structural diversity and differential distribution of the four synapsins suggest common and different roles of each in the integration of distinct signal transduction pathways that modulate neurotransmitter release in various types of neurons.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Allopurinol stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion in the dog.

The effects of allopurinol on the secretion of pancreatic juice were investigated both in live animals and in preparations of isolated, blood-perfused dog pancreas and were compared with those of secretin. An i.v. administration of allopurinol (3-10 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent increase in the pancreatic secretion. The secretory responses to 3 and 10 mg/kg of allopurinol were approximately equal to those to 0.03 and 0.1 U/kg of secretin, respectively. An intra-arterial (i.a.) infusion of allopurinol (0.5-1.2 mg/min) also elicited dose-dependent increases in flow rates, bicarbonate concentrations, and outputs of pancreatic exocrine secretion, but protein concentrations were little affected by allopurinol. Similar results were obtained in the juice induced by an i.a. infusion of secretin (0.012-0.05 U/min). Both bicarbonate and protein concentrations in the juice obtained with allopurinol were almost the same as those obtained with secretin at a similar flow rate of pancreatic secretion. The secretory activities at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.2 mg/min of i.a. allopurinol infusion corresponded roughly to those at 0.012, 0.025, and 0.05 U/min of i.a. secretin infusion, respectively. Therefore, the secretory action of allopurinol was similar to that of secretin. The allopurinol-induced secretion was not modified by pretreatment with atropine sulfate, cimetidine, or sulpiride hydrochloride. These results suggest that allopurinol stimulates pancreatic secretion by acting directly on ductular cells of the dog pancreas.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1989

Subtypes of muscarinic receptors in pancreatic exocrine secretion in anesthetized dog.

Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes on the dog pancreas in situ was examined by using specific muscarinic receptor antagonists to study pancreatic exocrine secretion. Bethanechol caused an increase in pancreatic exocrine secretion, with a high concentration of protein and little effect on bicarbonate concentration. Thus bethanechol may mainly affect the muscarinic receptors of the acinar cells. Bethanechol-stimulated secretion was inhibited by pirenzepine (a specific M1 muscarinic antagonist), 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methobromide (4-DAMP, a specific M3 muscarinic antagonist), and atropine (a mixed muscarinic receptor antagonist). However, [11-[[2-(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5, 11- dihydro-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzo-diazepine-6-one (AF-DX 116, a specific cardioselective M2 antagonist) did not have any effects on bethanechol-stimulated secretion. Increased protein secretion in pancreatic juice stimulated by bethanechol was significantly inhibited by 4-DAMP and atropine and was suppressed by pirenzepine, but was not modified by AF-DX 116. Bicarbonate concentration was not modified by these antagonists. 4-DAMP, atropine, and pirenzepine caused a progressive parallel rightward shift in the dose-response curve of pancreatic secretion for bethanechol. Schild analysis of the data indicated a pA2 value of 8.7 for 4-DAMP, 7.9 for atropine, and 6.2 for pirenzepine, respectively. Thus 4-DAMP has 7.5 times and 440 times greater potency than atropine and pirenzepine to inhibit bethanechol-stimulated secretion. The slope of the Schild regression line was not different from 1. These results suggest that inhibitions of bethanechol-stimulated pancreatic secretion are competitive for 4-DAMP, atropine, and pirenzepine and that bethanechol-stimulated pancreatic secretion is mediated by M3 muscarinic receptors in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion in dog pancreas.

The involvement of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion was investigated, using the isolated and perfused dog pancreas. Spontaneous production of both PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was recorded in venous effluent. Prostaglandin production increased following stimulation with both 10 x 10(-11) and 20 x 10(-11) mol of CCK-8, but was not affected by a 5 x 10(-11) mol infusion. Insulin, glucagon, and amylase release was stimulated by 10 x 10(-11) mol of CCK-8. Indomethacin pretreatment with 10 mg/kg totally abolished endogenous PG production, but failed to suppress an insulin and glucagon response. On the other hand, an amylase response was accelerated by indomethacin pretreatment. Although low dose CCK-8 failed to stimulate endogenous prostaglandin production, a brisk exocrine secretion was not suppressed by indomethacin pretreatment. From the above results, we conclude that endogenous PGs do not appear to play an important role in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion, but might have a cytoprotective effect on the pancreatic acinar cells damaged by CCK-8.

Amylases↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect of ouabain and acetazolamide on secretin-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion in anaesthetized dog.

1. The effects of ouabain and acetazolamide on the secretion of pancreatic juice stimulated by secretin in anaesthetized dogs were investigated. 2. Intra-arterial injection of ouabain (1-10 micrograms) and acetazolamide (1-10 mg) caused dose-dependent decreases in the volume of pancreatic juice. When both drugs were added together, the inhibitory effects were significantly higher than for each drug alone. 3. The bicarbonate concentration in the pancreatic juice was decreased and the chloride concentration was increased by ouabain and acetazolamide, but sodium and protein concentrations were not modified. 4. The results suggest that the Na+,K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase activities play important roles in water and electrolyte secretion, and that ouabain and acetazolamide inhibit secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion by acting on different systems in the exocrine cells in dogs.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1989

Effects of DN-9693, a synthesized phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on pancreatic exocrine secretion in dogs.

The effects of DN-9693, a synthesized phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the secretion of pancreatic juice were investigated in preparations of the isolated and blood-perfused dog pancreas. DN-9693 injected intraarterially caused a dose-dependent increase in the secretion of pancreatic juice and decrease in the perfusion pressure. The threshold doses to increase the pancreatic secretion and to decrease the perfusion pressure were about 100 micrograms and 1 microgram, to decrease the perfusion pressure were about 100 micrograms and 1 micrograms, respectively. Thus, the secretory response was less effective than the vascular response. The secretory activity of DN-9693 (0.3 mg) was approximately equal to that of 0.03 mg of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 0.5 mg of papaverine, 5 mg of theophylline, 0.08 0.5 mg of papaverine, 5 mg of theophylline, 0.08 units of secretin and 0.2 units of cholecystokinin. The concentration of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice induced by DN-9693 was increased, but protein concentration was not. DN-9693-induced pancreatic secretion was not modified by pretreatments with phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, sulpiride and cimetidine. Secretin-induced pancreatic secretion was significantly potentiated by infusion of DN-9693 (10 micrograms/min), but cholecystokinin-induced one was not. From these results, it is concluded that DN-9693 may produce an increase in pancreatic secretion by acting directly on the pancreatic exocrine gland of the dog, which might be mediated through an increase of intracellular cyclic AMP concentration by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1989

Mixed lymphocyte reaction in interferon-gamma treated (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.

Mouse interferon-gamma was administered to (NZB x NZW)F1 mice, which develop a disease like human systemic lupus erythematosus. Class II antigens on adherent spleen cells and their activity to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocyte in mixed lymphocyte reaction were observed as well as the changes of the clinical findings of the mice. In interferon-gamma treated mice, as compared to control mice, the positive rate for class II antigen on adherent spleen cells was increased, and the mixed lymphocyte reaction using the cells of interferon-gamma treated mice as stimulator cells was enhanced. These findings suggest that the enhancement of antigen presenting activity of adherent spleen cells to T lymphocytes might be associated in the exacerbation of the disease in interferon-gamma treated (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Do D-1 dopamine receptors mediate dopamine-induced pancreatic exocrine secretion in anesthetized dogs?

Characterization of dopamine (DA) receptor subtypes was examined on the canine exocrine pancreas using selective DA receptor agonists and antagonists in the isolated and blood-perfused pancreas of anesthetized dogs. Each drug was injected i.a. in a single bolus fashion. Graded doses of DA (0.01-3 mumol) produced dose-dependent increases in the secretory rate of pancreatic juice, with a maximum effect at approximately 1 mumol. SCH23390 (3-30 nmol), a selective D-1 DA receptor antagonist, caused a progressive parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curve for DA-induced pancreatic secretion without changes in the maximal response. High doses of RS-sulpiride (0.3-3 mumol) or haloperidol (1-3 mumol), a mixed D-1/D-2 DA receptor antagonist, also caused a rightward shift in the DA dose-response curve. However, domperidone (3 mumol), a selective D-2 DA receptor antagonist, did not antagonize the DA-induced pancreatic exocrine secretion. A modified Schild analysis of the data indicates that SCH23390 is approximately 2 and 3 orders of magnitude more potent than RS-sulpiride and haloperidol, respectively. In addition, the stimulatory effects of DA (0.01-3 mumol), SKF38393 (0.1-10 mumol, a selective D-1 DA receptor agonist) and LY171555 (1-10 mumol, a selective D-2 DA receptor agonist) on pancreatic secretion were demonstrated. The rank order of agonist potency was DA greater than SKF38393 greater than LY171555. The secretory response to LY171555 was inhibited completely by pretreatment with SCH23390 (30 nmol).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on white blood cell count and neutrophil functions in patients with malignant lymphoma].

We studied the in vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil functions in nine patients with malignant lymphoma. The WBC count and absolute neutrophil count were rapidly increased without a nadir phase after chemotherapy. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores also markedly increased following chemotherapy in all patients. Phagocytosis of India ink and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction were revealed tend to be increased, but not exceeded significantly to normal range. RhG-CSF repaired neutrophil function in patients with decreasing that. Thus, rhG-CSF may be useful for prevention and treatment of infection after chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Examination of the inhibitory effects of interferon-gamma on interleukin-4-induced stimulation of resting B cells from NZB/NZW F1 mice.

Percoll fractionation of NZB/NZW F1 mouse B cells revealed an increased ratio of low-density fraction ('activated' B cell fraction) and a decreased ratio of high-density fraction ('resting' B cell fraction), in comparison to normal mouse B cells. Resting B cells of B/W F1 mice were hyperresponsive to interleukin-4 (IL-4), with increased proliferation and IgG anti-DNA antibody production, in comparison to normal mice. The hyper-responses of resting B cells from NZB/NZW F1 mice to IL-4 were affected with dose dependency by interferon-gamma (INF-gamma); specifically, cell proliferation and anti-nuclear antibody production were suppressed in the presence of IFN-gamma. This suppressor action of IFN-gamma was most noticeable when it was added to the culture system simultaneously with IL-4. These findings suggested that the abnormally activated state of NZB/NZW F1 mice B cells can be attenuated by the action of IFN-gamma on resting B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The 5q-syndrome--report of two cases].

Case 1. A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Hemoglobin was 10.7 g/dl, white cell count 6,900/microliters and platelet count 36.7 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow biopsy showed non-lobulated megakaryocytes. The karyotype was 47, XY, +8, -16, 5q-, + mar. We have followed up this case without any special treatment except for red blood cell transfusions. The platelet count has increased to 70.9 x 10(4)/microliters. Case 2. An 84-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of tinnitus and headache. Hemoglobin was 7.9 g/dl, white cell count 1,200/microliters and platelet count 22.5 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow biopsy showed hypocellular marrow and non-lobulated megakaryocytes. The karyotype was 46, XY, 5q-. We have followed up this case only with red blood cell transfusions. The platelet count has increased to 68.9 x 10(4)/microliters. The hematological findings and clinical courses of the two cases were similar to those in the 5q-syndrome first described by Van den Berghe et al. in 1974. And these cases are important in relation to c-fms oncogene and hematopoietic abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Assays of serum laminin and type III procollagen peptide for monitoring the clinical course of diabetic microangiopathy.

Thickening of the capillary basement membrane is a characteristic feature of diabetes and is considered to cause diabetic microangiopathy. Serum levels of both laminin, a glycoprotein in the basement membrane, and type III procollagen peptide (P-III-P) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays according to the methods of Brocks et al. and Rohde et al. respectively and analyzed with regard to diabetic microangiopathy, glycemic control, diabetic duration and treatment. As a result, serum levels of both laminin and P-III-P showed higher values with development of diabetic microangiopathy, suggesting that progressive changes in diabetic microangiopathy occur with synthesis of laminin and P-III-P. Serum laminin and P-III-P appear to be good non-invasive markers for measuring basement membrane metabolism and type III collagen accumulation. High values of serum laminin and P-III-P levels were suspected to be due to improper treatment, using hypoglycemic agents without adherence to the diet regimen.

Biomarkers↗