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Biomedical subjects

A Horban

Publications and source records attributed to A Horban.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Initial assessment of the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosis of tuberculosis among patients of the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of AIDS].

This initial report on the use of PCR in diagnosis of TB was based on a group of 180 patients observed in the AIDS Diagnosis and Therapy Center in Warsaw. Out of 6 patients with positive results of PCR assay for MTB, five had positive AFB smears in induced sputum or BAL, two had positive MTB cultures. Five of them were treated with tuberculostatic drugs with clinical improvement and had negative sputum PCR MTB results after several weeks. Additional 11 patients with AFB positive sputum or BAL smears and negative PCR MTB were observed. None of them developed pulmonary tuberculosis, and none of them was confirmed by culture as MTB infection. The results presented in this paper confirm high specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as an fast diagnostic test very useful in the clinical settings of AIDS. With the increase of collected material further evaluation will be continued.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Presence of autoantibodies in patients infected with HIV].

The presence of serum autoantibodies directed against single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), RNA, histones, nuclear antigen SS-A, mitochondria and cardiolipin were investigated in 30 HIV-negative drug addicts (from years 1986-87), 30 addicts actually infected with HIV and 31 AIDS patients presenting with clinical symptoms indicating autoimmune disorders. Positive results were found in 12 (40%) drug addicts from years 1986-87, 5 (16.7%) actually infected and 16 (51.6%) AIDS patients. Autoantibodies were more often detectable in patients with thrombocytopenia 8/12 (66.7%) than in remaining 8 out of 19 subjects (42.1%) who presented dermatitis, hepatitis, pancarditis, ulcerative colitis and polyneuropathy. The prevalence of autoantibodies in all investigated groups were significantly higher than in controls-1/20 (3.3%).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Coexpression of CD4 and CD8 antigens and the appearance of HLA-DR and CD25 receptors on lymphocytes as markers of immune activation in patients with HIV infection].

Results of quantitative determinations of peripheral blood lymphocytes presenting CD4 or simultaneously CD4 and CD8 antigens as well as HLA-DR and CD25 antigens in patients with different clinical stages of CD4+ and CD4+CD8+ cells were observed. The fall of CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes percentage was slight in the initial stages of infection but more sharp during the full-blown AIDS. The percentage of HLA-DR positive cells was higher in seropositive patients in comparison with controls and increased with the progression of HIV infection into AIDS. The CD25 expression was also higher in HIV-infected patients, however, it decreased in patients with late stages of AIDS. The observed disturbances could be caused by the direct destruction by replicating HIV or by severe abnormalities of immune system function.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Effect of pressure and volume overload on proto-oncogene expression in the isolated working rat heart.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the effect of pressure and volume overload on the expression of the proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-myc, in isolated perfused working rat hearts and to compare these results with the known effects of noradrenaline. METHODS: Working rat hearts were obtained by converting the Langendorff preparation into the working mode by perfusion through the left atrium. Using specific cDNA clones, the mRNAs of c-fos and c-myc were measured by northern blots and quantified with densitometry. Total RNA was isolated from hearts after stimulation with noradrenaline (3 x 10(-8) M), after increasing afterload from 80 to 100 cm H2O, and left atrial filling pressure (preload) from 8 to 16 cm H2O for 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. RESULTS: The mRNAs of c-fos and c-myc were not detectable in freshly excised rat hearts. When the hearts were perfused in the working mode for 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, c-fos and c-myc mRNAs were measurable, and these mRNA levels served as control baseline values that were set at 100%. When noradrenaline was infused, c-fos mRNA was increased fivefold after 30, threefold after 60, and 3.8-fold after 90 min. The mRNA of c-myc was increased 1.8-fold after 60 min and 3.8-fold after 90 min. The increase in afterload induced a threefold increase of c-fos mRNA after 30 min and a threefold increase of c-myc mRNA after 90 min. When preload was increased, c-fos mRNA rose 1.8-fold after 30 min, and c-myc mRNA twofold after 60 min and 2.8-fold after 90 min compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Pressure and volume overload have effects on the expression of c-fos and c-myc mRNA that are similar to those obtained with noradrenaline stimulation which induced the most pronounced signals. Our time course studies showed that c-fos mRNA always rose before c-myc mRNA. This common sequential induction pattern may have important signal function in the processes that trigger the development of cardiac hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of markers of hepatitis viruses in out-patient alcoholics.

The prevalence of HCV, HBV and HAV markers was investigated in unselected patients attending an outpatient alcoholic clinic. Anti-HCV were detected in 35 (24%) of 144 patients studied, and at least one marker of HBV infection was present in 72 (50%). These results are significantly higher than in a matched control population. The presence of anti-HCV was related to previous blood transfusions and familial history of alcoholism. We conclude that alcoholics should be considered a high risk group for both HCV and HBV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Occurrence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) among drug addicts].

The prevalence of anti-HCV and serological markers of HBV infection was tested in 100 unselected intravenous drug addicts admitted to a detoxification ward. Anti-HCV were present in 78% addicts, and at least one markers of HBV infection was present in 69% addicts. No correlation was found between anti-HCV status and age, gender, duration of addiction or anti-HIV presence. Furthermore, there was no difference in mean titres of anti-CMV and anti-HSV between subjects with and without anti-HCV what suggests that the anti-HCV tested were specific.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Markers of HBV infection in drug addicts].

Prevalence of markers of HBV infection was tested in two cohorts of drug addicts: in 140 addicts whose sera were drawn in the years 1985-1986 and in 100 addicts whose sera were drawn in the years 1988-1989. HBsAg was found in 10 (7%) patients in the earlier cohort and in 12 (12%) addicts in the latter, while at least one marker of HBV infection was present in 39% and 69%, respectively No correlation was found between the presence of markers of HBV infection and age, gender, or HIV status, however, duration of drug abuse increased the risk of HBV infection. There was no difference in mean titres of anti-CMV and anti-HSV-1 between subjects with and without HBV markers what suggests that the tested markers were specific.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis C virus antibody in Poland.

To assess the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Poland, anti-HCV was studied in patients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, in healthy adults, and in subjects at risk. Anti-HCV prevalence was 2% in 152 blood donors, 78% in 95 parenteral drug addicts, 21% in 112 alcoholics, and 86% in 42 patients with chronic NANB hepatitis. Among 34 prospectively followed patients with acute NANB hepatitis 17 (50%) developed anti-HCV. It seems that HCV infection is responsible for the majority of NANB hepatitis in Poland and is common in parenteral drug abusers and alcoholics.

Hepacivirus↗
PubMed1977

Enhanced susceptibility of DNA-synthesizing nuclei of epithelial cells of the intestine to acid hydrolysis.

Albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with tritiated thymidine and killed 1/2 and 30 h later. Pieces of ileum were excised and fixed. Tissue sections were hydrolyzed with 5 N HCl at 21 degrees C for 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h, some sections remained unhydrolyzed. Both the hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed sections were autoradiographed. Grain counts per labelled nucleus of either cryptal (DNA-synthesizing) or villous (DNA-nonsynthesizing) cells nonhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed for various time intervals were recorded. The results indicate, that the grain count of nonhydrolyzed, labelled nuclei from cryptal cells was by 1.49 higher than that of villous cells demonstrating the rate of grain counts diminution caused by cell divisions. Hydrolysis caused a diminution of grain count of cryptal cells by approximately 15% higher than that of the grain count of villous cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction of hepatitis delta virus into Polish drug community.

The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection was studied in 140 unselected intravenous drug addicts whose sera were drawn between 1985 and 1986 and in 100 addicts from whom sera were obtained between 1988 and 1989. It was observed that 1.8% of those positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers from the earlier period and 23.2% of those from the later period had detectable anti-delta antibodies. Among drug addicts referred with acute or chronic HBV infection, the first evidence of HDV infection was found in 1986. We conclude that HDV infection was introduced into the Warsaw drug community in the mid 1980s.

Carrier State↗