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Biomedical subjects

A Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to A Hofmann.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prophylaxis with cefamandole nafate in elective orthopedic surgery.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to determine the efficacy of cefamandole nafate in reducing infections in general orthopedic procedures. Of 743 patients initially entered into the study, 715 (362 on cefamandole, 353 on placebo) fulfilled the requirements of the protocol. The infection rate was 1.6% for the cefamandole-treated group and 4.2% for the placebo group. In operations lasting longer than two hours, there were two infections in the cefamandole group and seven infections in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli were the common pathogens. Adverse side effects were limited to transient elevations in liver enzymes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Spacer sequences downstream of the 28S RNA coding region are part of the mouse rDNA transcription unit.

Evidence is presented that more than 300 bp of spacer sequences downstream of the 28S RNA coding sequence are part of the mouse rDNA transcription unit. Studies in two cell-free transcription systems as well as analysis of cellular RNA indicate that RNA polymerase I does not terminate within the 334 bp 3' terminal spacer sequences contained in the rDNA clone used. Quantitative hybridization data, S1 mapping experiments and Northern analysis of nuclear RNA showed that the 14 kb pre-rRNA molecules hybridize with the same efficiency to both the 28S and the 3' NTS specific DNA probe. This indicates that the rRNA precursor contains both at the 5' and 3' end several hundreds bases of external transcribed spacer sequences which are eliminated in subsequent processing reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Missed subcapital fractures.

Intracapsular femoral neck fractures, even when they are recognized and treated early, have a relatively high complication rate. Failure to diagnose these fractures can greatly increase the complication rate and make more radical surgery necessary. Reported are two cases of missed subcapital fractures. Both patients had continuing symptoms, eventually were hospitalized, and required arthroplastic procedures. The significance of missed subcapital fractures is discussed, as are guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Septic arthritis of the knee in a 12-year-old hemophiliac.

A known pediatric hemophiliac was evaluated for what was thought to be a hemarthrosis of the knee. When the patient failed to respond to conventional treatment, the joint was aspirated and found to be septic. Septic arthritis is a rare complication of hemophilia and requires prompt recognition and treatment.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1983

Proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Radioimmunoassays were used to determine titers of antibody to alkaline protease (AP) and elastase (Ela) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sera and bronchial secretions, in vitro production of AP and Ela by P. aeruginosa isolates, and occurrence of these enzymes in bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis. Titers of serum antibodies to AP ranging from 1:10 to 1:545 and to Ela ranging from 1:10 to 1:725 were found in 83%-88% of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic lung infections due to P. aeruginosa. Antibody titers in liquified bronchial secretions were approximately 10% of the serum titers. Thirty-one (93%) of 34 isolates produced both proteases in vitro in comparable amounts (concentration of protease in culture supernatant: AP, 0.01-480 micrograms/ml; Ela, 0.02-490 micrograms/ml). AP and Ela were detected in vivo when antibodies to the enzymes were absent. The results suggest that specific immune responses in patients with cystic fibrosis neutralize proteases of P. aeruginosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The management of fractures in thermally injured patients.

The occurrence of fractures in association with burn wounds has been considered a formidable combination which compromises the care of both types of injuries. During a 5-year period, 42 fractures were treated in 22 patients admitted to the burn center. A variety of fracture management techniques were used on an individualized basis. When fracture stabilization was necessary, external fixation provided acceptable fracture care while permitting access to the burn wound for dressings, grafting, and physical therapy. The presence of an overlying burn wound has been considered an absolute contraindication to the performance of internal fixation of fractures. However, we have found that this procedure can be performed safely provided that consideration is given to a number of factors, including timing of the operation, the importance of intraoperative fluid resuscitation, and the appropriate indications for this method of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment results in unselected small cell bronchial carcinoma patients].

18 of 36 consecutive patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung received a combination of chemotherapy (Adriblastin, Oncovin, Cyclophosphamide) and radiotherapy (primary tumor and CNS). This treatment resulted in a response rte of 78%, and in a median survival of 10.6 months ("limited disease" 13 months, "extensive disease" 9 months). Complete remissions were obtained only in 4 of 18 patients, 4 patients of these were long-term survivors (greater than 18 months). Due to heart diseases, age, or poor general condition 18 patients received a milder combination of chemotherapy ("COM", "VP-O-C") and tumor irradiation. The response rate was 66%. Complete remission was achieved in only 2 of 18 patients. The median survival rate was 8.6 ("limited disease" 10.5 months, "extensive disease" 6.0 months). Survival exceeded 18 months in 4 of these patients. The toxicity was mild, the mean cumulative duration of hospitalization was 78 (30-120) days per patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Blount's disease after skeletal maturity.

Twelve patients, seventeen to twenty-five years old, who had had infantile Blount's disease involving nineteen limbs, were evaluated at a mean of twelve years after an initial osteotomy. Twelve of the nineteen knees were symptomatic, and eight of the symptomatic knees showed early degenerative changes by arthroscopy or arthrotomy. There was a direct correlation between the symptoms and the severity of the involvement of the proximal end of the tibia. A poor final outcome appears to be related to physeal damage. Early osteotomy must be performed before permanent physeal damage and subsequent incongruity of the joint occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Posteromedial bowing of the tibia. Progression of discrepancy in leg lengths.

Thirteen children with posteromedial bowing of the tibia were followed clinically and radiographically for a mean of four years from the time of original diagnosis. At follow-up, the discrepancy in leg lengths as determined by scanograms ranged from 1.9 to 5.6 centimeters, with a mean of 3.1 centimeters; usually there was progression of the discrepancy. Nine of the thirteen children had a discrepancy of more than 2.5 centimeters. There appeared to be a direct relationship between the degree of initial tibial bowing and the severity of the subsequent leg-length discrepancy.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Two survivors of severe paraquat intoxication by "continuous hemoperfusion".

"Continuous hemoperfusion" (8 h/day for 2--3 weeks) was performed in two patients suffering from severe paraquat intoxication. On account of paraquat plasma concentrations a fatal outcome due to pulmonary fibrosis would have been expected in both cases. However, both patients survived following "continuous hemoperfusion" therapy. Coated activated charcoal seems to have a higher affinity for paraquat than lung tissue.

Acute Disease↗