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Biomedical subjects

A Hishida

Publications and source records attributed to A Hishida.

173 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Mechanisms of altered renal perfusion in the early stage of obstructive jaundice.

Mechanisms responsible for renal hemodynamic alterations were studied in jaundiced (by bile-duct ligation) rabbits (BDL) 10 days after ligation of the biliary tract, in comparison with sham-operated rabbits (SO). Arterial hematocrit, plasma volume, blood pressure, abdominal inferior vena cava pressure, and heart rate were not significantly different between the BDL and SO groups. Cardiac output in BDL rabbits decreased to approximately 73% of the value for SO rabbits. Renal blood flow and GFR were reduced to 64 and 61%, respectively. Reductions in blood pressure and renal blood flow, caused by bleeding (8 ml/kg of body wt), were more marked in the BDL group than they were in the SO group. In the BDL group, the recovery of blood pressure following blood infusion was slower and the mortality was higher, There was no significant increase in the renovascular sensitivity to exogenous noradrenaline or angiotensin II in the BDL group. The findings indicate that the early stage of obstructive jaundice in rabbits was characterized by altered renal perfusion partly due to reduced cardiac output and by incrased liability to hemorrhagic hypotension.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Renal hemodynamics in oliguric and nonoliguric acute renal failure of rabbits.

The role of renal hemodynamic alterations in the curtailment of renal functions was studied in uranyl acetate-induced oliguric (ORF) and nonoliguric (NORF) renal failures of rabbits. 5 days after drug injection, renal functional and morphological changes were most remarkable. A depression of Cin and elevation of serum creatinine concentration were more marked in ORF than in NORF. Renal blood flow was high as compared to controls. Cortical blood flow redistributed to the inner cortex. There was no significant difference in renal blood flow or cortical flow distribution between renal failure models. The findings suggest the minor roles of renal blood flow and cortical flow distribution in maintaining renal failure in these nephrotoxic models. Prominent tubular necrosis was found in ORF but not in NORF. Arterial inulin concentration during retrograde ureteral infusion of 14C-inulin solution was significantly high in ORF as compared to controls and NORF. However, this inulin leakage was too small to explain severely curtailed inulin clearance.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

Renal hemodynamics in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure of rabbits.

The role of renal hemodynamic alterations in the curtailment of renal function was studied in rabbits with uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure. The day following the i.v. injection of uranyl acetate (2 mg/kg of body wt), renal blood flow (RBF) and clearance of creatinine (Ccr) decreased to approximately 60 and 20% of controls, respectively. Intracortical fractional flow distribution, estimated by radioactive microsphere method, did not change. The extraction ratio of para-aminohippurate (EPAH) decreased and the renal extraction of sodium (CNa/Ccr) increased, with minimal structural change in the kidney. Urine output increased to two to three times that of the control. After three days oliguria appeared despite complete recovery of RBF. The zonal flow redistributed toward the deep cortex. CCr and EPAH reached their minimums, concomitantly with tubular necrosis and intratubular casts. After seven days animals could be divided into the oliguric and diuretic groups. CCr and EPAH were higher in the diuretic group, while there was no significant difference in RBF and the flow distribution between groups. Regeneration of damagee tubular cells was found in the diuretic group but not in the oliguric group. The findings suggest the minor roles of RBF and the intracortical flow distribution, and a fundamental role of back leakage of filtrate across damaged tubular epithelium in the maintenance of reduced CCR and urine output during the oliguric stage in rabbits with uranyl acetate-induced renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphologic abnormalities in the brain of chronically hemodialyzed patients without cerebrovascular disease.

In this study, the authors evaluated the cerebral atrophy in 56 chronic hemodialyzed patients, who did not have clinical episodes or radiologic findings of cerebrovascular diseases, and 42 controls. Using computed tomography (CT) images, brain atrophy index (BAI), the proportion of subarachnoidal plus ventricular space in the cranial cavity, and ventricular area index (VAI), percent area of ventricle in the brain, were calculated. CT of the brain demonstrated an age-dependent increase in BAI in both hemodialyzed patients and controls. BAI and VAI were greater in hemodialyzed patients than healthy controls and the difference was significant at ages under 60 years in BAI and at ages less than 50 years in VAI. The atrophy of the frontal parts of the brain in patients on hemodialysis for 10 years or more was significantly greater than in patients dialyzed for less than 10 years. There was a significant negative correlation between BAI or VAI and hematocrit. These findings indicate that renal failure or hemodialysis itself might cause cerebral atrophy, and that the cerebral atrophy is more prominent in patients on hemodialysis for a long duration and with low hematocrit.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pruritus and hydration state of stratum corneum in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Xerosis is the most frequent cutaneous manifestation in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but the association between dry skin and pruritus remains to be clarified. Since the skin surface hygrometer can detect the changes of water content in the stratum corneum more sensitively, we re-examined the relationship between the severity of pruritus and water content in dialysis patients. METHODS: Fifty patients who had been undergoing regular HD were examined for the degree of pruritus by clinical grading. Water contents in the stratum corneum at volar forearm and lower leg were assessed by measurement of high-frequency conductance using a skin surface hygrometer both at pre- and postdialysis. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (74%) of dialysis patients complained of pruritus. High-frequency conductance values were significantly lower in HD patients compared to those of age-matched control subjects (n = 13) both at forearm (35.1+/-3.0 vs. 73.3+/-10.4 microS, p<0.01) and lower leg (14.2+/-1.1 vs. 52.4+/-7.5 microS, p<0.01). There was no relationship between the severity of pruritus and age, gender, HD duration, underlying renal disease, or removing fluid volume. A significant reduction of itching score was found in patients using polysulfone membrane. A single HD session using cellulose triacetate or polysulfone membrane significantly increased water content both at forearm and lower leg (p<0.05). However, the degree of pruritus did not correlate with the skin water content both at the beginning and the end of HD session, respectively. CONCLUSION: It follows from these findings that water content in the stratum corneum was reduced in HD patients, but did not correlate with the severity of pruritus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psoas abscess with osteomyelitis in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

We describe a 69-year-old male patient on maintenance hemodialysis for 24 years who developed a fatal left psoas abscess with osteomyelitis at the hip joint following acute enterocolitis. He had systemic beta(2)-microglobulin amyloid deposition in colon epithelium and psoas muscle. Cultures from abscess fluid and femoral bone marrow yielded Bacteroides fragilis. To our knowledge, this is the first case on hemodialysis having a psoas abscess following acute gastrointestinal infection. This rare case suggested that a secondary psoas abscess could be one of the occult infections in patients undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis.

Recurrence of anti-glomerular membrane antibody glomerulonephritis seems to be an unusual clinical phenomenon. We report a 57-year-old man with recurrence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis. He developed a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM Ab), and recovered with a combined treatment of prednisolone, anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents. After a 2-year remission, hematuria and proteinuria followed by renal functional deterioration occurred without any obvious cause. The second renal biopsy revealed cellular crescents with linear IgG deposition along GBM, a finding similar to the first one. The aforementioned combined treatment resulted in a gradual recovery from proteinuria and renal functional derangement.

Antibodies↗