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Biomedical subjects

A Hirsch

Publications and source records attributed to A Hirsch.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Human and experimental data on translocation of asbestos fibers through the respiratory system.

The translocation of fibrous dusts through the respiratory system is discussed on the basis of human and experimental data obtained with the transmission electron microscope. Comparison of the characteristics (numerical and mass concentrations, sizes, types) of asbestos fibers retained in different locations of the respiratory system in humans exposed to asbestos has shown that there is no relationship between the numerical concentrations in lung parenchyma and those in parietal pleura. Moreover, almost al fibers encountered in the pleura were ultimate, short fibrils of chrysotile. The animal data are from rats injected intrapleurally with different types of fibers (chrysotile, crocidolite and glass fibers) and sacrificed at different times. There was a progressive increase in the number and mass of fibers translocated into lung parenchyma from the pleural cavity that was particularly obvious after 90 days. After this time, the mean length of fibers, especially chrysotile, increased, indicating that more long fibers are retained in alveolar tissue than short fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pleural effusion: laboratory tests in 300 cases.

The cause of pleural effusion was studied in 300 consecutive patients by clinical examination and laboratory tests. The three most common causes were found to be cancer 117 cases (metastatic 65, bronchogenic 34, mesothelioma 10, lymphoma 7, other 1); tuberculous infection 53; and bacterial infection 38. The cause was not found in 62 patients. Cancer diagnosis was established by cytological examination of pleural fluid (63), closed pleural biopsy (37), and open pleural biopsy (11). Tuberculosis was diagnosed by culture of pleural fluid (12), closed pleural biopsy (38), and open pleural biopsy (3). In cases of empyema 12 Gram-positive and two Gram-negative cocci and two anaerobes were identified. The various causes and the usefulness of the different investigative procedures are discussed, and the data evaluated in the light of current knowledge about mechanisms of transfer through the pleural space.

Empyema↗
PubMed1979

Asbestos fibers in laryngeal tissues. Findings in two patients with asbestosis associated with laryngeal tumors.

Significant concentrations of asbestos fibers have been found in samples of laryngeal tissue from two patients with past exposure to asbestos and associated asbestosis. In one case, there was a polyp on a vocal cord and in the other one a laryngeal carcinoma. These findings could provide an indication of a local carcinogenic effect of asbestos fibers in laryngeal tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Audiologic findings after stereotactic radiosurgery in nine cases of acoustic neurinomas.

Nine cases of acoustic neurinoma were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery between 1969 and 1974. The follow-up period can now be regarded as sufficiently long for a preliminary evaluation of the results. An arrest of growth or shrinkage of the tumour was observed in 8 of the 9 cases. In one case open surgery was performed 2 years after irradiation and histological examination showed regressive changes of the type expected after irradiation. Audiological examination revealed that in the majority of cases radiosurgery could be performed without causing serious damage to the hearing function. The average hearing loss present before treatment increased on average only 20.0 dB in the most successful 7 cases. None of the patients suffered facial nerve involvement. In small and medium-sized acoustic tumours this method offers a satisfactory therapeutic alternative worthy of consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Use of the ILO/UC International classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses in 302 subjects exposed to asbestos (author's transl)].

The object of the ILO/UC International Classification of Pneumoconioses and the general instructions for its use in asbestos respiratory diseases have been set forth. The ILO 1979 classification has been used in four groups of asbestos exposed subjects : two groups were hospitalized and two groups were at work. All the subjects have been investigated by a hospitalized and two groups were at work. All the subjects have been investigated by a standardized questionnaire on occupational history, PA and lateral chest X-rays and, for most them, by ferruginous bodies counting either in sputum or in bronchoalveolar lavage. The most frequent radiological signs were parenchymal fibrosis, pleural thickening, pleural calcification and diaphragmatic straightness. The fibrosis and the diaphragmatic straightness were related to the length of the exposure. Up to 20-29 years since the onset of exposure, the frequency of radiological signs was : diaphragmatic straightness more frequent than fibrosis which was more frequent than pleural thickening, which was more frequent than calcification. But the frequency of only two signs, pleural straightness and fibrosis, appeared significant after 10 years of exposure. The value of these four radiological signs as biological indicators of asbestos exposure is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral reversible sudden deafness. A case report.

A man aged 43 suffering from acute bilateral sudden deafness of sensorineural type (confirmed at repeated testings) and without signs and symptoms from the vestibular part of the inner ear regained normal hearing within 10 days. The serological examination for identification of viral antibodies in blood and liquor was negative. There was no sign of immunological disorder.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed1977

[Modification during treatment of the rate of acetylation of isoniazide clinically or biologically detectable hepatic damage (author's transl)].

The rate of acetylation of isoniazid is usually constant in a given subject. The authors report here a case where despite an adjusted initial dose there was a decrease in the rate of acetylation during treatment with INH-rifampicin and ethambutol, without hepatic involvement but accompanied by retrobulbar optic neuritis. The role of ethambutol and/or an overdose of isoniazid are discussed. The technique for its estimation is also described.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1977

[Etiological diagnosis of acute pneumopathies. Evaluative study. 100 cases in a pneumologic center].

This study involved 100 patients with acute pneumonia and hospitalised in a specialised service: 12 bacterial pneumonia, 40 viral pneumonia (i.e. 52% of the total). Only precise viral and bactérial studies could improve these results. Given the poor results obtained using the microbiological techniques available here, the authors suggest the inclusion in all subsequent studies of aetiological diagnosis of a quantitative examination of sputum bacterial flora and examination for the detection of bacterial exoantigens.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The regional curare test in myasthenia gravis.

30 subjects without disturbance of neuromuscular transmission and 18 patients with myasthenia gravis were used in conducting the regional curare test. The adductor pollicis and the hypothenar muscles were studied with the 3/sec stimulation test. With three different dosages of curare one could find no reliable border between "normal" and "pathological". In the patients with myasthenia no definite relation could be found between the findings with the regional curare test and the clinical picture. The curare concentration reaching the muscle is probably quite variable from case to case as regards diffusion and volume in the tissue. The 3/sec stimulation test with registration from the deltoid muscle, and in certain cases the systemic curare test, appear more suitable than the regional curare test for routine diagnosis as well as indication for thymectomy. But for cases of ocular myasthenia showing no further weakness by the systemic curare test, the regional curare test can be put to use. The advantage lies in the higher concentration of curare which can thereby be brought to the muscle. The precautionary measures should be similar to those taken with the systemic curare test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Tobacco].

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Animals↗