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Biomedical subjects

A Hill

Publications and source records attributed to A Hill.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Isolation of Acholeplasmatales from rabbit faeces.

Acholeplasma laidlawii was isolated from the faeces of 23.5% and 24% of groups of 51 conventional and 45 specified-pathogen-free (SPF) rabbits respectively. Isolation of the organism from individual animals could often be repeated, suggesting that infection was not merely transient. Two further acholeplasmas were isolated from two SPF rabbits. One was serologically related to Acholeplasma modicum. The other could not be identified and may be a new species.

Acholeplasma↗
PubMed1986

Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type I presenting as scapuloperoneal atrophy (Davidenkow syndrome) electrophysiological and pathological studies.

A 14 year old boy with scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy, pes cavus, areflexia and distal sensory loss (Davidenkow syndrome) is described. Nerve conduction velocities were diminished. Sural nerve biopsy demonstrated a reduction in the number of myelinated fibers and early "onion-bulb" formation. These observations support the hypothesis that the scapuloperoneal amyotrophy associated with distal sensory loss may represent a variant of type I hereditary motor sensory neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hemifacial spasm in childhood.

A nine-year-old girl presented with right hemifacial spasm (HFS) of 27 months duration. Stimulation of the right supraorbital nerve produced synkinesis of the ipsilateral facial muscles. Latency and amplitude of the blink reflex were equal bilaterally. Other investigations including computerized tomography (CT) were negative. Treatment with carbamazepine was not helpful. This is the third reported case of HFS in childhood.

Child↗
PubMed1986

A paracentric inversion of 7q illustrating a possible interchromosomal effect.

A family is described in which the proband has a rearranged X chromosome involving monosomy Xp and trisomy Xq, while the mother has a paracentric inversion of chromosome 7. It is suggested that the phenomenon of interchromosomal effect may link these observations. A brief review of the published and computer catalogued data on paracentric inversion in man is included.

Chromosome Inversion↗
PubMed1986

Radiologic diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia.

Fifteen infants with clinical evidence of periventricular leukomalacia, i.e. spastic diplegia or quadriplegia and premature birth were studied. CT scans of the brain demonstrated: 1) reduction in quantity of periventricular white matter, 2) deep and prominent sulci which abutted the ventricles without interposed white matter and 3) ventriculomegaly with irregular outline of the lateral ventricles. The location and severity of abnormalities on CT scans correlated well with neurologic handicap and the known anatomic location of periventricular leukomalacia, thus demonstrating the diagnostic value of CT scanning for periventricular leukomalacia during later infancy.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Fifth Gordon Hamilton-Fairley memorial lecture. Methotrexate resistance and gene amplification: an experimental model for the generation of cellular heterogeneity.

Gene amplification is a mechanism whereby cultured animal cells and human tumours become resistant to cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This review of studies from the authors' laboratory describes properties of the acquisition of resistance to methotrexate in cultured mammalian cells by virtue of amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. These properties result in a heterogeneous cell population with respect to many cell properties, including the number and stability of the amplified genes. Gene amplification results from overreplication of DNA in a single cell cycle as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. The cells surviving such overreplication constitute a heterogeneous population with multiple chromosomal changes, including partial or complete endoreduplication of chromosomes, as well as a variety of chromosomal rearrangements. A similar phenomenon may underlie the generation of aneuploidy in tumours, their malignant progression, and the generation of heterogeneity in the tumour cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hypoxic-ischaemic cerebral injury in the term newborn: correlation of CT findings with neurological outcome.

For asphyxiated term infants, prediction of neurological outcome based on clinical criteria alone is not always reliable. We have used changes in tissue density on CT scan (known to represent hypoxic-ischaemic injury) as an adjunct to clinical examination to assess the severity of cerebral injury. The study population comprised 56 term newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Scans were performed with a General Electric 8800 scanner and classified as Normal, Patchy, Diffuse or Global according to the extent of areas of decreased density (DD). These were correlated with neurological outcome (i.e. Normal, Minor handicap, Major handicap, Indefinite or Death). Death or major handicap occurred in only two of 14 infants in the combined Normal or Patchy DD groups but in 26 of 29 in the combined Diffuse or Global groups. This correlation was highly significant (p less than 0.0005). 13 classified as Indefinite were normal at age three to 10 months but were excluded from analysis because of the short follow-up. The data demonstrate that CT scanning is a valuable adjunct to neurological examination for assessment of cerebral injury in the asphyxiated term infant.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1985

Thyroxine-induced petit mal status epilepticus.

Petit mal status epilepticus was induced by high doses of thyroxine, confirming experimental evidence that thyroxine may lower the seizure threshold. This is another hazard of rapidly correcting the hypothyroid state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Rapid separation of milk whey proteins by anion exchange chromatography.

A fast protein liquid chromatography system was used to fractionate the major proteins of sweet and acid wheys. Fifty to 500 microliter of whey were fractionated with a stepwise ionic strength gradient using water (buffer A) and increasing concentrations of .7 M sodium acetate (buffer B). Six well-resolved peaks were obtained: 1) amino acids (tentative identification), 2) low molecular weight peptides (tentative identification), 3) highly enriched alpha-lactalbumin, 4) highly enriched serum albumin 5) electrophoretically pure beta-lactoglobulin B, and electrophoretically pure beta-lactoglobulin A. A poor baseline or unresolved peaks resulted when .02 M bis-tris or .02 M histidine was used for buffer A and .7 M sodium acetate in .02 M bis-tris or histidine was used for buffer B. When sodium chloride was used in place of sodium acetate, beta-lactoglobulins A and B were poorly resolved. The column was cleaned after each run by injecting 2 ml of the following reagents: glacial acetic acid, 2 N sodium chloride, 2 N sodium hydroxide, 2 N sodium chloride, 2% detergent, and 100% acetonitrile. Time required to run each sample including column cleanup was 40 min.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serial lumbar punctures for at least temporary amelioration of neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Serial lumbar punctures for the management of neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus without intracranial hypertension were evaluated in 16 infants. Cranial ultrasonography to evaluate ventricular size and the Ladd monitor at the anterior fontanel to measure intracranial pressure were utilized immediately before and after lumbar puncture. In 12 patients, a decrease in ventricular size and in anterior fontanel pressure could be effected with each lumbar puncture. In these infants, cessation of progression of the hydrocephalus and intermittent decreases in ventricular size were accomplished. In four patients, lumbar punctures were not successful in decreasing ventricular size or lowering intracranial pressure. Two criteria could be defined to determine whether lumbar puncture could provide at least temporary benefit for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The first of these is to establish the presence of communication between lateral ventricles and lumbar subarachnoid space by effecting a decrease in ventricular size and a decrease in intracranial pressure by removal of CSF. The second criterion is to ascertain a critical volume of CSF (usually relatively large) that must be removed in order to effect the above changes. Cranial ultrasonography and measurement of intracranial pressure by application of the Ladd monitor to the anterior fontanel are extremely valuable in the evaluation of lumbar punctures in the management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1985

Pathogenesis and management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the term newborn.

The pathogenesis and management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the term infant is reviewed. Specifically, the potential significance of a variety of factors on the pathogenesis of brain injury is discussed including changes in cerebral blood flow, brain swelling, carbohydrate status, alterations in ion homeostasis, and synaptic activity. Management is reviewed in terms of prevention, supportive care, corrections of metabolic derangements, control of seizures, and prevention of fluid overload.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacologic considerations in the management of the asphyxiated newborn.

The causes of hypoxia and ischemia in the newborn are presented and the possible mechanisms of hypoxic- ischemic cerebral injury discussed in conjunction with the current therapeutic agents used in attempt to minimize neurological sequelae. More recent, non-invasive methods for measuring cerebral injury may allow more accurate assessment of cerebral injury and permit detailed evaluation of various therapies.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1985

Intracranial pressure measurements in the newborn.

This article describes four techniques for the noninvasive measurement of intracranial pressure in the newborn, and discusses common pitfalls in their use, and various pathologic states (for example, intraventricular hemorrhage, perinatal asphyxia, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and bacterial meningitis) in which measurements of ICP have been demonstrated to be or are likely to be of value.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1985

Generic prescribing--a change of habit.

A trainee and a trainer in general practice each copied their prescriptions for one week. After a conscious effort to increase the extent of their general prescribing, this exercise was repeated. A considerable change in prescribing habit is demonstrated.

Drug Prescriptions↗