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Biomedical subjects

A Herrero Galiana

Publications and source records attributed to A Herrero Galiana.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Diagnostic utility of radiography in head trauma: a critical review of the literature].

INTRODUCTION: The indication of distinct imaging studies in pediatric head trauma, and especially the use of skull radiography, is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of skull radiography in the management of head trauma in pediatric patients. To do this, we aimed to determine the predictive value of this procedure in detecting intracranial injuries, independently of patients' symptoms and clinical examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a review of the medical literature (MEDLINE) and of other resources available for searching biomedical information. Studies limited to pediatric patients (0-18 years old) that provided information on the diagnostic utility of skull radiography in head injury were selected. The source and characteristics of the populations studied and potential design limitations were taken into account. RESULTS: Twelve original studies were selected, three of which were performed in children younger than two years old. Differences were found in the origin of the sample populations, the prevalence of intracranial injury and skull fracture, the severity of the trauma included, and in the criteria for performing imaging tests. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the limited comparability of the articles, the usefulness of skull radiography was difficult to assess. Although the use of this technique is accepted in some circumstances in patients younger than two years old, the data obtained assign little value to the systematic use of radiography to assess head trauma in pediatric patients. Head computed tomography is indicated when symptoms or signs of possible neurological injury are present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Ethnic difference in attendance at emergency departments. An approximation to the gypsy reality].

BACKGROUND: Demand for emergency services is increasing, especially among children from non-Caucasian ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES: To objectify this observation and to determine the healthcare and social differences between the gypsy and Caucasian populations. METHODS: We performed a descriptive, observational study in the Pediatric Emergency Unit of a tertiary care hospital. Systematic sampling was performed and 420 children were selected. Data on age, sex, compliance with primary healthcare preventive programs, reason for attendance, type of healthcare center, diagnosis and familial characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 24 months. The percentage of patients of gypsy race was 16.4 %. Most of the gypsy population (68.1 %) attended small, local healthcare centers compared with 34.8 % of the Caucasian population (p 0.0001). Only 58 % of the gypsy children were taken to healthcare centers for regular check-ups compared with 96.7 % of the non-gypsy population (p 0.0001). The percentage of gypsy children who had never being vaccinated was 18.8 %. There were no such cases among the non-gypsy population (p 0.0001). The percentage of gypsy children visiting the emergency unit who were hospitalized was 11.6 % compared with 1.9 % of non-gypsy children. Illiteracy rates were 30.4 % and 15.9 % in gypsy mothers and fathers, respectively, compared with 0.6 % and 0.3 % in non-gypsy mothers and fathers, respectively (p 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals significant differences between the gypsy and Caucasian pediatric populations in terms of healthcare and identifies a group at high health risk.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1998

[Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Valencia Community: efficacy and failure of vaccinations].

OBJECTIVE: To study Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine effectivity and vaccine failures in the Valencian Community of Spain where vaccine can be obtained, but is not scheduled as a routine immunization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective surveillance system where pediatricians and microbiologists of all public hospitals of the Valencian Community reported cases of invasive Hib disease in children (under 15 years of age). Vaccination status (number of doses, dates and type of vaccine) in each case was obtained. RESULTS: Of 23 cases reported from December 1, 1995 to November 30, 1996, two had received at least one dose of Hib vaccine. One was a true vaccine failure and the other an apparent vaccine failure. Estimating a vaccine coverage of 32.5% of the children less than 5 years old, the direct vaccine effectivity was 90.6% (IC 95%: 27.9-98.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Hib conjugate vaccine is effective in the Valencian Community, however, there is still invasive disease due to the low vaccine coverage and some vaccine failures.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

[Mineral metabolism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the normal newborn infant].

The mineral metabolism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in 20 newborns and infants was studied. All children were born from term deliveries and none presented clinic, biochemistry signs or radiological evidences of bone mineral metabolism disturbances. In this way, metabolic blance technics were applied. Net absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were: 54,9 +/- 18,8; 8,7 +/- 4,8 and 64,6 +/- 14,2 mg/kg/day respectively. The retentions of the three elements were: 54,4 +/- 20,6; 7,4 +/- 4,5 and 43,2 +/- 13,6 mg/kg/day. A significative lineal correlation between plasmatic levels of 250Hd and 24,25 (OH)2D with calcium retention was found. The correlation of intestinal calcium apsorption was positive and significative only with 250HD levels. It wasn't found signification between the vitamin D metabolites with the magnesium and phosphorus balance. In other way, it was found a relation between the dietary intake of this two elements with absorption and retention of both of them.

Calcium↗
PubMed1988

[Reference levels for phenylalanine and tyrosine in discs impregnated with blood during analysis by HPLC].

Aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine have been measured on paper with dried blood samples, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reverse phase. The aim of this procedure is to discriminate unclear cases of general screening for aminoacidopathies avoiding unnecessary retest. Plasma normal values of tyrosine and phenylalanine have been obtained in full term babies (0.82 +/- 0.39 mg/dl and 0.53 +/- 0.23 mg/dl) preschool boy (0.78 +/- 0.21 mg/dl and 0.63 +/- 0.20 mg/dl), school boys (0.89 +/- 0.16 and 0.76 +/- 0.22 mg/dl) and normal adults (1.48 +/- 0.19 and 1.41 +/- 0.12 mg/dl). In order to assess if fasting levels can be altered by breast feeding or formula feeding, a sample was obtained after various feeds and postprandially. Results show no differences before or after feeding. A group of malnourished infants showed greater plasma values of tyrosine and phenylalanine (p less than 0.002) conversely a group children suffering for diabetes showed no differences when comparing with matched age controls. In conclusion, measurement of tyrosine and phenylalanine on dried blood in filter paper is accurate enough, to avoid unnecessary recall in unclear cases of screening, and those levels do not alter significantly with normal milk intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Mail handling: a possible cause of error in the non-selective screening for congenital hypothyroidism].

Remittance by mail of blood samples and subsequent time of permanency in mail boxes are not supposed to be best thermic conditions for dried blood samples in paper used for neonatal screening. With the idea of checking if temperatures variations can altered or not the content of TSH and T4, some samples of known concentrations of TSH and T4 has been heated to different temperatures between less than -40 degrees C and 100 degrees C during weekly periods. At such temperatures between less than -40 degrees C and 25 degrees C significant hormones losses are not observed. Nevertheless under higher temperatures the percentages of losses increases. Specifically between 37 degrees C and 60 degrees C an hormonal loss of approximately 36% is observed. T4 had also suffered losses of concentration in relation with temperature. These variations make indispensable the change of the way of managing samples that could had suffered modifications with temperatures, and that have been sent by mail. Therefore, considering that about a 40% loss can exist, limit of 40 mu UI/ml should be modified about 25 mu UI/ml.

Blood Specimen Collection↗