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Biomedical subjects

A Herman

Publications and source records attributed to A Herman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Polymicrobial infections of the female low genital tract.

A complete microbiologic analysis of nine infectious agents causing low genital tract infection (LGTI) was obtained in 240 young women, of whom 193 were symptomatic for LGTI and 47 were asymptomatic (control group). The polymicrobial nature of LGTI was demonstrated by both the increased frequency of different microorganisms (1.77 +/- 1.09 SD in symptomatic vs. 1.08 +/- 0.98 in asymptomatic patients) and the increased total number of agents (0 agents 8.3 and 36.2%, 1-2 agents 67.4 and 55.3%, greater than or equal to 3 agents 24.3 and 8.5%, in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients respectively). There was a mutual association between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, where the presence of one nearly doubled the frequency of the other. Of 74 symptomatic patients with a single infectious agent, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated most frequently, suggesting an important role of this agent in infections of the female low genital tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The V beta-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: stimulation of mature T cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is known to be a powerful T cell stimulant in mouse and man. In this paper we show that, for mice, this is because the protein in association with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules stimulates virtually all T cells bearing V beta 3 and V beta 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3, and few others. Neonatal mice given the enterotoxin eliminate all mature, and some immature, T cells bearing these V beta s, demonstrating that tolerance to exogenously administered antigen can be caused by clonal deletion of reactive T cells. The enterotoxin shares these "superantigenic" properties with known self-antigens in mice, Mls-1a and Mls-2a, and a B cell-derived product, a shared property that is unlikely to be coincidental or inconsequential.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer by combined long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

To avoid cancellation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) because of early luteinization, pituitary suppression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was carried out in 111 cycles. D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) microcapsules were administered intramuscularly at menstruation and menotropin (hMG) stimulation was started 19 days (mean) later. In 3 cycles (2.7%), only early luteinization occurred. The mean number of oocytes per cycle was 6.7, with a fertilization and cleavage rate of 50 and 95%, respectively. A mean of 3.4 embryos were transferred per cycle. The 111 cycles resulted in 34 clinical pregnancies, 41% per cycle with embryo transfer. The early abortion, multiple pregnancy, and ovarian hyperstimulation rates were 24, 18, and 11%, respectively. It is concluded that D-Trp-6-LH-RH/hMG cycles are associated with a very low occurrence of early luteinization, high number of oocytes and embryos, and a substantial incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (D-Trp-6) treatment on elevated and normal serum prolactin levels.

A long-acting GnRHa (D-Trp-6 microcapsules) proved capable of lowering serum PRL levels in a young hyperprolactinemic patient treated for a large myomatous uterus. No similar inhibitory effect was found in normoprolactinemia. Chronic GnRHa therapy may constitute an alternative to the existing forms of treatment for hyperprolactinemia and pituitary adenomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Early, late, and sequential embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization program: a preliminary report.

The timing of ET was evaluated by transferring four embryos at 44 to 48 hours, 68 to 72 hours, or equally dividing and sequentially transferring at 44 to 48 and 68 to 72 hours after insemination. Fifty-one patients were randomly allocated to one of the above protocols. The mean number of blastomeres of embryos transferred at 68 to 72 hours after insemination was significantly (P less than 0.0001) higher than those transferred at 44 to 48 hours. The number of embryos with good morphology was similar in all study groups. The pregnancy rate was similar in the three protocol groups, 53% at 44 to 48 hours, 59% at 64 to 72 hours, and 47% by sequential transfer. There probably is no advantage in delaying the transfer or dividing the embryos into two sequential transfers. It seems that sequential transfer is not associated with any harmful effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone microcapsules in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas.

Long acting D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) microcapsules, 3.2 mg were given monthly, intramuscularly for a period of 6 months to 26 menstruating patients with symptomatic leiomyomas. The patients ages were 22 to 52 years. Five patients (20%) were infertile. Patient evaluation before initiation of treatment included endometrial biopsy, ultrasonic measurements of uterine and tumor volumes, and bone-mineral density. The patients were periodically followed hormonally and ultrasonographically. A statistically significant reduction in uterine and tumor volumes (maximal after 4 months of treatment) was observed in all the patients except one. Two patients discontinued the treatment after 2 months, preferring surgery. A nonsignificant decrease in the mean bone-mineral density was noted after completion of therapy. Minor side effects such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness, backache, vaginal spotting, and nervousness, were encountered frequently, disappearing within 6 weeks after the last injection. A significant increase in uterine and myoma volume was noted in all the patients at 3 months after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Low multiple pregnancy rate in combined clomiphene citrate--human menopausal gonadotrophin treatment for ovulation induction or enhancement.

Sixty-five infertile women, 37 with anovulation, eight with ovulatory disturbances and 20 with unexplained infertility were treated by a combination of clomiphene citrate (CC) from cycle day 5 (or 3) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) begun 3 days later for induction or enhancement of ovulation. Monitoring was carried out by measuring preovulatory 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations in blood samples and by follicle measurements using ultrasound. Forty-seven pregnancies resulted with a multiple pregnancy rate of 7.7% for those completed. This incidence is very low and within the range found for CC induction and might result from the later commencement of stimulation compared with many other protocols. These results were achieved with a low incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2.6% per cycle). The HMG doses given were low in comparison with those found in other forms of induction. The deleterious effects of this combined mode of induction on cervical mucus and the occurrence of premature spontaneous ovulation were much less than in the sequential mode of treatment. These results suggest that combined induction treatment by CC and HMG as described offers a means of achieving low rates of multiple pregnancies a known complication in the induction of ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ripening the highly unfavorable cervix with extra-amniotic saline instillation or vaginal prostaglandin E2 application.

Extra-amniotic saline instillation using a 26-gauge Foley catheter and vaginal application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were compared. Among 52 cases treated with extra-amniotic saline instillation, the mean Bishop score increased from 1.7 to 7.8 in a mean of 2.8 hours. In all cases but one, an increase of the Bishop score of three or more points occurred during a 6-hour period. Prostaglandin E2 tablets (3 mg) applied in the posterior vaginal fornix (once or twice) resulted in an increase in the Bishop score of three or more points in 39 of 54 cases during the 12-hour study period. The mean Bishop score in these "successful" ripenings using PGE2 increased from 1.9 to 5.6 points during a mean time of 8.5 hours. No severe side effects were registered in either procedure.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1989

Influence of ritodrine on plasma steroids and human placental lactogen levels in third-trimester pregnancies.

The effects of ritodrine, administered by intravenous, intramuscular or per os routes, upon plasma levels of unconjugated estriol, estradiol, progesterone and human placental lactogen (HPL) were investigated in 24 third-trimester pregnancies. Ritodrine administered at a constant rate of 200 micrograms/min for 3 h, injected intramuscularly 8 x 10 mg/day for 5 days or given orally in doses of 6 x 20 mg/day for 10 days resulted in a significant decrease in the steroid hormone concentration and a significant elevation of HPL levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

The inhibition of thromboxane synthesis has no influence on HgCl2-induced acute renal failure in the rat.

Renal function parameters and urinary thromboxane B2-excretion were studied in the rat in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure. Studies were performed before and 3 h after the inhibition of thromboxane synthesis alone, after HgCl2 alone, or after the combination of HgCl2 and thromboxane-synthesis inhibition. Thromboxane-synthesis inhibition alone by indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.), imidazole (25 and 50 mumol/kg per min i.v.) and dazoxiben (5 mg/kg i.v.) had no effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), whereas urinary thromboxane excretion was suppressed. Only the administration of the selective blockers imidazole and dazoxiben resulted in a marked increase in urinary volume (V) and fractional sodium excretion (FENa). HgCl2 alone (2 mg/kg i.v.) caused a decrease in GFR and CPAH with -38% (P less than 0.01), and urinary thromboxane B2 excretion increased from 20.3 +/- 1.5 to 30.6 +/- 2.6 pg/min. (P less than 0.01). The administration of indomethacin, imidazole (50 mumol/kg per min) and dazoxiben prevented the increase in thromboxane B2 excretion 3 h after HgCl2 to values of 3.3 +/- 1.2, 6.9 +/- 0.6 and 13.0 +/- 1.6 pg/min respectively (P less than 0.01 versus control for all values). Despite this, the decrease in GFR and CPAH after HgCl2 could not be prevented. A decrease of GFR with -44, -54, -57 and -32% and of CPAH with -37, -49, -57 and -27% were observed for indomethacin, imidazole 25 and 50 mumol/kg per min and dazoxiben respectively. This evolution was not significantly different from what was observed with mercury alone. Selective thromboxane synthesis inhibition resulted in a decrease of serum free ionised calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

Hemodynamics of patients with renal failure treated with recombinant human erythropoietin.

Hemodynamics were evaluated in 8 patients with uncomplicated renal failure on regular dialysis before and after partial correction of anemia by treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-huEPO). Under r-huEPO treatment, mean (+/- SD) hemoglobin increased from 7.51 (0.60) to 10.27 (0.92) g/dl. Mean blood pressure, body weight, total blood volume and extracellular fluid compartment remained unchanged. Cardiac output as measured with a radionuclide method increased significantly from 4622 (1069) to 5393 (1285) units (p less than 0.02) and peripheral resistance decreased from 22 (4) to 19 (3) units (p less than 0.02). 6-keto-1-alpha-prostaglandin decreased from 96.9 (54.4) to 61.6 (18.0) pg/ml (p less than 0.05) but plasma renin activity, noradrenalin and atrial natriuretic peptide remained unchanged comparing pre- and post-treatment levels. This observation suggests that an increase of red blood cell mass can improve heart function in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following D-Trp-6 luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone microcapsules and menotropin for in vitro fertilization.

In 143 cycles of in vitro fertilization the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred in 12 (8.4%) cycles. Six were in the moderate form and 6 severe. Ovarian stimulation by menotropins was preceded by induction of hypopituitary hypogonadism using D-Trp6-LH-RH microcapsules. The OHSS cycles are characterized by improved ovarian response expressed by the increased serum levels of estradiol, number of follicles, oocytes, embryos and pregnancy rate as compared to cycles with no OHSS. All patients recovered uneventfully. The follicular puncture did not have the suggested protective effect against OHSS. It is suggested that the substantial incidence of OHSS is probably related to the excessive ovarian stimulation not interrupted by early luteinization which is practically abolished by this protocol. The role of the given luteal hCG doses in the genesis of OHSS is questioned.

Adult↗