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Biomedical subjects

A Henderson

Publications and source records attributed to A Henderson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Stimulation of intestinal mucosal adenyl cyclase by cholera enterotoxin and prostaglandins.

The effects of several prostaglandins (PG) and a highly purified preparation of cholera enterotoxin (CT) on intestinal mucosal adenyl cyclase activity and the effect of CT on intestinal mucosal cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate concentration were determined in guinea pig and rabbit small intestine and were correlated with the effects of the same agents on ion transport. Adenyl cyclase activity, measured in a crude membrane fraction of the mucosa, was found at all levels of the small intestine with the highest activity per milligram protein in the duodenum. The prostaglandins, when added directly to the assay, increased adenyl cyclase activity; the greatest effect (2-fold increase) was obtained with PGE(1) (maximal effect at 0.03 mM) and PGE(2). The prostaglandins also increased short-circuit current (SCC) in isolated guinea pig ileal mucosa, with PGE(1) and PGE(2) again giving the greatest effects. The prior addition of theophylline (10 mM) reduced the subsequent SCC response to PGE(1) and vice versa. It was concluded, therefore, that the SCC response to PGE(1), like the response to theophylline, represented active Cl secretion. CT increased adenyl cyclase activity in guinea pig and rabbit ileal mucosa when preincubated with the mucosa from 1 to 2.5 hr in vitro or for 2.5 hr in vivo but not when added directly to the assay. The increments in activity caused by PGE(1) and NaF were the same in CT-treated and control mucosa. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP concentration in rabbit ileal mucosa was increased 3.5-fold after a 2 hr preincubation with CT in vitro. Phosphodiesterase activity in the crude membrane fraction of the mucosa was unaffected by either CT or PGE(1). A variety of other agents including insulin, glucagon, parathormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, L-thyroxine, thyrocalcitonin, vasopressin, and epinephrine all failed to change adenyl cyclase activity. It is concluded that CT and certain prostaglandins produce small intestinal fluid secretion by increasing mucosal adenyl cyclase activity, thereby stimulating an active secretory process.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Necrotizing pancreatitis: operating for life.

Infected necrotizing pancreatitis is the most fulminant variety of this disease. Colonic involvement and retroperitoneal fasciitis are particularly lethal. The reported mortality is up to 50%. The purpose of this study is to review our combined experience at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and the Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, to determine whether patient survival was related to a particular etiology, treatment, or complication. All patients treated since 1986 with infected pancreatitis who required surgical necrosectomy and then ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) were studied. There were 48 patients so managed. The median age of survivors was 52 years, and for those who died it was 64 years (p = 0.001). The etiology was gallstones in 22 and alcoholism in 12. Of the alcoholics, 11 survived and 1 died. Of the patients with gallstones, 13 survived and 9 died. There was an overall mortality of 31%. Survivors were in hospital for a median of 73 days, whereas deaths occurred after a median of 35 days (p = 0.04). Seven patients underwent hemofiltration; five survived, and two died. N-Acetylcysteine has been used in four patients, of whom three survived and one died. The abdomen was left open in 38 patients and kept closed in 10. Although Ranson's criteria at admission to the ICU did not predict survival, it was found that the median APACHE II score in survivors was significantly lower than in those who died (p = 0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction following the use of enteral charcoal and sorbitol and mechanical ventilation with papaveretum sedation for theophylline poisoning.

We report 2 cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction, 1 fatal, which developed following the use of enteral activated charcoal with sorbitol, and mechanical ventilation with papaveretum ('Omnopon') sedation for the treatment of severe theophylline self-poisoning. While mechanical intestinal obstruction may rarely complicate the use of enteral activated charcoal, pseudo-obstruction has not been previously described. Causal mechanisms and prophylaxis are discussed, highlighting a possible interaction between theophylline and papaveretum, and the dangers of multidose enteral charcoal with sorbitol in this context.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abused women and peer-provided social support: the nature and dynamics of reciprocity in a crisis setting.

Research has demonstrated clearly the positive effect social support can have on health. Peer-provided social support, in the forms of both one-on-one peer counseling and peer support groups, is encouraged by health care providers as an effective and inexpensive way to enhance mental health in at-risk client populations. This article examines data from two studies that included information about the use of social support by abused women during their stay in a transition house. Analysis revealed a potential for problems when vulnerable clients offer support to other vulnerable clients. The ability to offer support was viewed by the "givers" to be evidence of their own recovery. Women needed to give this support, and, therefore, it was often difficult to know whose needs were being met. The complexities of these relationships are discussed. An understanding of the issues involved will ensure that maximum benefit with minimum risk can be derived by participants in supportive exchanges between peers.

Battered Women↗