Autoimmunity and pregnancy: theory and practice.
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Autoimmune Diseases↗
Biomedical subjects
A Hazout
Publications and source records attributed to A Hazout.
[Laparoscopic treatment of stenoses and phimosis of the ampulla of the tube. A critical study of the results (author's transl)].
By analysing a series that initially started with 160 cases it is possible to compare the results of trying to cure infundibular stenoses, which means agglutinations and phimosis of the ampulla using the laparoscope or open laparotomy. It would appear that these lesions should be strictly classified and this classification should be based on careful laparoscopic investigation of the infundibulum and on hydrotubation testing. It is then found that these are not good cases for endoscopic surgical treatment. The results are poor whether looked at from the level of fertility that is finally achieved as well as the morphological improvement in the conditions and they are far worse than those following conventional surgery. Therefore it is necessary to conclude that laparotomy is always preferable for a cure of these cases. The only indication for laparoscopic surgery is infundibular stenosis which occurs afterterminal tubal plastic surgery which is by itself not a rare happening.
Fallopian Tube Diseases↗
[Cytogenetic analysis of human oocytes after sperm microinjection].
After standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) chromosome analysis of uncleaved oocytes has shown that in about 80% of the cases, there was no fertilization at all while in 10% of the cases there was a premature chromosome condensation and a development arrest. After micro-injection our results suggest that both the technique itself and the pathologies which require micro-injection can influence the results. On the other hand about 20-30% of the metaphase II oocytes are cytogenetically abnormal after IVF attempt while ICSI might increase chromosome breakage. Our results suggest that both the technique used and the gamete pathologies can influence the different steps of development arrest.
Chromosome Aberrations↗
Factors affecting human blastocyst formation in vitro and freezing at the blastocyst stage.
Whatever the culture medium, embryo culture generally leads to a major loss of viability in mouse, rabbits even if the morphological development of the embryo is preserved. Moreover, Embryo metabolism is commonly depressed in culture media. The protein turnover is accelerated and the quality of the metabolites transport systems is impaired. Various coculture systems have been designed to avoid this loss of viability and in some animal species, to overcome the so called "embryo developmental arrest" usually observed at the approximate time of genomic activation. Moreover, it is clear now that cocultured embryos have usually higher cells numbers than those observed for embryos cultured in classical culture media. In the human, the problems seem less complicated because embryos can be transferred into the uterus on the second day post fertilization, at a time when they would normally be in the Fallopian tube: this is not possible in animal species. Also, blastocysts can be obtained, even at low rates, in conventional culture media and there is no apparent block of development. In this paper, we will present an overview of Cocultures in different species. Then, we will focus on the Human including the blastocyst formation rate and freezing at the Blastocyst stage. At the beginning of the Story, For coculturing, 2 ideas were put forward: The use of embryonic tissue (trophoblast) to help the embryo through an autocrine effect. The use of female genital tract cells, to assist the embryo through a paracrine effect.
Animals↗