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Biomedical subjects

A Hayashi

Publications and source records attributed to A Hayashi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[INH preventive therapy in Chiba Prefecture--before and after the renewal of the guideline].

To prescribe or withhold isoniazid (INH) for tuberculin skin test reactors is a difficult question in our country where BCG coverage rate is high. The guideline for INH preventive therapy renewed in 1989 says that the decision should be made according to the maximum erythema diameter of tuberculin skin test considering if the patient is a contact or non-contact, BCG vaccinated or non-vaccinated. In addition, evidence of recent infection is also important. We reported the INH preventive therapy in Chiba prefecture before and after the renewal of the guideline. There were 347 cases before and 571 after the renewal of the guideline. The cases of which maximum erythema diameter were coincided with the recommendation of the guideline were 50.2% and 78.6% respectively. Close contacts of infectious tuberculosis, i.e. cases founded out in extraordinary health examination and household contacts examination, showed high coincidence rate. On the contrary, tuberculin-positive infants found in routine health examination, who are neither contacts nor BCG vaccinated, showed low coincidence rate and seemed to be administered INH by their home- or school-doctors' own standards. These trends were the same before and after the renewal of the guideline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Prediction of performance status after pneumonectomy].

To predict performance status (P.S.) following pneumonectomy, patients with lung carcinoma underwent pre-surgical pulmonary function tests with spirometry and unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion test (UPAO test). Between 1980 and 1991, twenty-nine patients who had survived more than six months after surgery were selected for the study. These patients were divided into two groups according to P.S. measured at six months after surgery: 16 patients with P.S. 0 to 1 were in Group A, and 13 patients with P.S. 2 to 3 were in Group B. The results of the following tests obtained prior to surgery were compared for the two groups to predict post-surgical P.S.; vital capacity (VC), VC/m2, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0), FEV1.0/m2, predicted VC/m2 and predicted FEV1.0/m2 calculated with residual pulmonary segments, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA) before UPAO and 15 minutes after UPAO, total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPVR) before and during UPAO, and rate of changes in PPA and TPVR. Results obtained were as follows: Group B demonstrated significantly higher TPVR (p < 0.05) before the UPAO, PPA (p < 0.05) and TPVR (p < 0.002) during UPAO, and rate of change in TPVR (p < 0.02) than those in Group A. There were no significant differences between the two groups for other test results. From these results, lowering of post-surgical P.S. might be predicted when the TPVR during UPAO was 350 dyne.sec.cm-5/m2 or more.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1993

[A 24-year-old man presenting Garcin syndrome and paraplegia].

We report a 24-year-old man who presented unilateral multiple cranial nerve involvements followed by progressive paraplegia. The patient expired after developing DIC and pneumonia. Post-mortem examination revealed Ewing's sarcoma originated in the pubic bone with extensive metastases including the clivus which was responsible for his cranial nerve lesions. The patient was well until 24 years of age when he noted an onset of pain and a mass in the pubic region. The histology of the biopsy specimen of the tumor suggested Ewing's sarcoma. He was treated with chemotherapy and local radiation. A year after, he noted an onset of nuchal pain, difficulty in tongue movement, dysarthria, deafness in the left ear, and diplopia. On admission to our hospital in July 1990, neurological examination revealed an alert and intelligent Japanese male in no acute distress. The olfactory to the trigeminal nerves appeared intact. He showed complete abducens nerve palsy, facial weakness, mild deafness, and weakness of the soft palate, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the tongue, all on the left side. The remainder of the neurological examination was unremarkable except for dysesthesia along the left C8 and Th1 dermatoms. Radiological examination revealed a 10 x 10 cm sclerotic mass in the public bone and a high signal mass lesion between the clivus and the pons in the T2-weighted MRI. His clinical course was complicated by acute paraplegia with anesthesia below the Th4 dermatom, DIC, and respiratory distress due to plural effusion. Post-mortem examination revealed a necrotic and hemorrhagic tumor in the pubic bone. The histology was consistent with Ewing's sarcoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment results of intra-arterial ACNU infusion chemotherapy for primary cerebral malignant lymphoma].

From May, 1987 to January, 1991, eight patients harboring primary cerebral malignant lymphoma (primary, six cases; recurrent, two cases) were treated by intra-arterial ACNU infusion chemotherapy. All but two cases also had hyperosmotic blood brain barrier (BBB) modification. Six primary cases had conventional teletherapy of 46-58.7 Gy (average 54.1 Gy) and one recurrent case had been irradiated again by 18 Gy. The follow-up period was 3 to 67.5 months (average 21.4 months). In six cases demonstrating measurable tumors on diagnostic images, all showed a complete response. The 1- and 2-year survival time was 50.0% and 37.5%, respectively, with a median survival time of 13.0 months. These were somewhat better than our previous results, but not better than those in the literature. Although intra-arterial ACNU infusion chemotherapy with BBB modification was not considered superior to other chemotherapy regimens, it yielded some long-surviving cases. Hence this chemotherapy is still worth using for treatment of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Structural elucidation of a novel phosphonoglycosphingolipid in eggs of the sea hare Aplysia juliana.

A novel phosphonoglycosphingolipid (AJPnGL) was isolated from eggs of the sea hare Aplysia juliana. The structure was determined to be Gal alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1-->4(2-aminoethylphosphonyl-->6)Glc beta 1-->1Cer by FAB/MS, 1H-NMR, hydrogen fluoride degradation, methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and GC analysis of the component sugars, fatty acids and long-chain bases. The ceramide moiety of this lipid consisted of branched nonadeca-4-sphingenine and octadeca-4-sphingenine as main long-chain bases and palmitic acid and stearic acid as major fatty acids. Since the sugar chain (Gal alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1-->4Glc beta 1-->) and the ceramide moiety of AJPnGL were identical with those of the main neutral glycosphingolipid of eggs of A. juliana, the biosynthesis of AJPnGL may occur by the addition of 2-aminoethylphosphonate to the main neutral glycosphingolipid, Gal alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1-->4Glc beta 1-->1Cer.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the chemical structure of neutral glycosphingolipids in eggs of the sea hare, Aplysia juliana.

Six neutral glycosphingolipids (GL-1-GL-6) were obtained from eggs of the sea hare (Aplysia juliana) and were characterized by FABMS, 1H-NMR, partial acid hydrolysis, methylation studies and GC analysis of the component sugars, fatty acids and long-chain bases. The following structures were determined to be Glc beta 1-1Cer (89%) and Gal beta 1-1Cer (11%) for GL-1, Glc beta 1-1Cer (47%) and Gal beta 1-1Cer (53%) for GL-2 having hydroxy fatty acids in the ceramide moiety, Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer for GL-3, Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer for GL-4, Gal alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer for GL-5 and GalNAc alpha 1-3(Gal alpha 1-2)Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer for GL-6. The fatty acid composition of each glycosphingolipid, except for GL-2, which contained 2-hydroxypalmitic acid, consisted of mostly saturated C16-C20 acids, especially palmitic acid and stearic acid. The long-chain bases of all glycosphingolipids consisted mainly of branched nonadeca-4-sphingenine and octadeca-4-sphingenine. GL-6, which was one of the major glycosphingolipids, may be a precursor of a series of phosphonoglycosphingolipids which have been isolated from the skin of A. kurodai.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presenting early who were referred for possible extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton. PATIENTS: Fifteen infants referred to our program since its introduction, in February 1989; 13 received ECMO. The criterion for ECMO was the presence of an oxygen index of more than 40 on three occasions within 2 hours. INTERVENTION: ECMO was performed by means of cannulation of the right carotid artery and jugular vein for 111.0 hours on average. RESULTS: In 5 of the 13 infants who underwent ECMO the procedure was performed after surgical repair; all were successfully weaned off ECMO, and the cannula was removed without incident. In the remaining eight ECMO was started before surgical repair; of the six who received it during repair four ultimately survived. None of the previously described predictors of outcome for CDH, including diagnosis before 25 weeks' gestation (in six cases), were useful in determining the survival of the patients. Bleeding was the most common complication and cause of death. CONCLUSION: ECMO is associated with survival in infants with CDH who fail to respond to conventional therapy and who have a poor prognosis according to previously established criteria.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation↗
PubMed1992

Vascularized rib strut technique for repair of pectus excavatum.

A vascularized rib strut based on the anterior intercostal branch of the internal mammary artery was applied to provide rigid internal fixation of the chest wall after correction of pectus excavatum. The procedure is simple and has substantial advantages when compared with techniques using metallic struts or nonvascularized free rib grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A temperature-sensitive CHO-K1 cell mutant (tsTM13) defective in chromosome decondensation and spindle deconstruction in M phase.

A temperature-sensitive CHO-K1 cell mutant, tsTM13, exhibited a delayed cell cycle progression from metaphase to telophase at a nonpermissive temperature and was finally arrested from anaphase to telophase. Metaphase chromosomes were overcondensed and chromosome disjunction in anaphase was uncoordinated. In telophase, sister chromatids were segregated and cytokinesis was completed, but chromosome structure remained in a condensed state and the spindle was not deconstructed. The level of phosphorylation of histones H1 and H3 remained high in the later stages of mitosis and the activity of histone H1 kinase was also maintained at a high level. These results strongly suggest that the pleiotropic defects of tsTM13 cells in mitosis are associated with a lack of inactivation of activated histone H1 kinase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Development of a highly cardioselective ultra short-acting beta-blocker, ONO-1101.

A novel, highly cardioselective ultra short-acting beta-blocker, ONO-1101, has been developed for application in the emergency treatment of tachycardia and better control of heart rate in surgery. This agent is approximately nine times more potent in beta-blocking activity in vivo and eight times more cardioselective in vitro than esmolol. This beta-blocking drug has a short duration of activity, enabling rapid recovery after cessation of administration if side effects occur. It can be used safely in patients suffering from acute heart disease and represents a major therapeutic advance in the treatment of heart disease.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

[Assay of flow cytometry for the effect of cepharanthine on resistance to doxorubicin].

The biochemical activity of cepharanthine and the possible mechanism by which it reverses the resistance to doxorubicin in P388 leukemia cells were examined in vitro. The microfluorometric analysis of the cellular level of doxorubicin in drug-resistant cells showed that cepharanthine markedly enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin against resistant cells in the cellular level. Cepharanthine also enhanced the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on the incorporation of thymidine into DNA in resistant cells. The analysis of DNA histogram obtained by flow cytometry showed that doxorubicin exerted its growth-inhibitory effect by blocking the cell cycle at the G2 phase in P388 cells. At higher concentrations, doxorubicin prolonged the S phase and inhibited cell cycle progression to the G2/M phase in cells. The treatment with cepharanthine potentiated these blocking effects induced by doxorubicin in cells. It seems that the modifications of the biological effect of doxorubicin by cepharanthine are due to the change of their ability to induce DNA damage in cells.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Triphenyltin-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ of dissociated mammalian CNS neuron: its independence from voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

To test the possibility that triphenyltin (TPT) increases the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in neurons as found previously in thymocytes, the effect of TPT on [Ca2+]i was examined in rat cerebellar neurons by a flow-cytometer with fluorescent dyes. TPT at concentrations ranging from 3 x 10(-7) M to 1 x 10(-5) M dose-dependently increased the [Ca2+]i. The TPT-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not attenuated by a Ca2+ channel blocker, suggesting that it was not dependent on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. As the concentration of external Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e) increased, TPT produced a more profound increase in the [Ca2+]i. However, the increase in the [Ca2+]i by TPT was observed even in nominally [Ca2+]e-free solution. These results suggest two possibilities. First, TPT may promote Ca(2+)-influx to the neuron. Secondly, TPT may affect the intracellular Ca-store sites. This study is relevant to the neurotoxicity of organotins because it has become progressively clear that sustained increases in the [Ca2+]i can activate various Ca(2+)-dependent degradative processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Flow cytometric estimation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the content of hydrogen peroxide in dissociated mammalian brain neurons.

The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the content of hydrogen peroxide was estimated in cerebellar neurons dissociated from rats, by means of a flow-cytometer and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) diacetate, a fluorescent dye for intracellular hydrogen peroxide. The GBE started to reduce the DCF fluorescence of the neuron at 0.1 microgram/ml to 0.3 microgram/ml. Further increases in the GBE concentration (up to 3 micrograms/ml) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the DCF fluorescence, suggesting that GBE reduces the content of hydrogen peroxide or suppresses the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation of cerebellar neurons. The present technique may be useful for preliminary evaluations of agents affecting the ROS formation in mammalian brain neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator.

A basic and clinical study of radiosurgery using the linear accelerator (Linac) system for unremovable deep-seated brain tumors is reported. A Komai stereotactic ring was used to locate the target coordinates. The patient was laid on the Linac treatment table and held in the head fixation system. Irradiation was given in five positions. The dose profile by film dosimetry and Rando phantom was satisfactory. Seventeen tumors in 14 patients were treated. Clinical or histological diagnoses were nine metastases, one benign and two malignant gliomas, one meningioma, and one craniopharyngioma. Tumor sizes were between 8 and 30 mm. Doses were between 12 and 30 Gy. Computed tomographic evaluation after 3 months of 12 tumors in 11 survivors showed one complete remission, three partial remission, six no change, and two partial deterioration. For progressive tumors, Linac radiosurgery results are excellent.

Adult↗