Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Harrison

Publications and source records attributed to A Harrison.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A failure to find empirical support for Beardslee and Vaillant's prediction about alcoholism.

Recent studies have proposed that the personality pathology in alcoholics is probably a result, not a cause, of alcohol intake. Thus, 19 male alcoholic veterans were assessed to determine whether there was a positive correlation between personality pathology and lifetime amount of absolute alcohol consumed. A multiple regression analysis of the data showed that there was no evidence for a statistically significant positive correlation between the lifetime amount of absolute alcohol consumed and personality pathology. The only statistically significant correlation found was a negative correlation between personality pathology and age, a finding consistent with some other recent studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of a series of fixatives on the AgNOR technique.

With increasing interest being shown in nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in pathology, it was considered of great importance to evaluate the effect of some of the more commonly used and more specialized fixatives on the demonstration of these moieties. NORs can be demonstrated in paraffin sections by a silver technique (AgNOR method) which was developed from a method used by cytogeneticists for the demonstration of NORs in chromosome spreads. The degree of staining is dependent on the fixation regime employed and results may vary greatly from one fixative to another. The fixative schedules and post-treatments used in this study were based on standard sequences from the literature. We have shown that, in general, alcohol-based fixatives give optimal results, Carnoy's fluid being especially recommended. Mercurial and dichromate-containing fixatives were found to have highly detrimental effects on NOR staining. 'Routine' 10 per cent formol saline fixation gave adequate results whereas 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin gave optimal staining, similar to alcohol-based fixation.

Fixatives↗
PubMed1988

Relative concentration of astatine-211 and iodine-125 by human fetal thyroid and carcinoma of the thyroid in nude mice.

The concentrations of 211At and 125I were measured in various tissues in nude mice bearing xenografts of human thyroid tissue (fetal and malignant). The relative concentration of the two halogens was obtained at 4 and 24 h after injection. Samples were taken of the host blood, muscle and thyroid gland and the grafted tissues. The mouse thyroid concentrated 125I more efficiently than 211At but the human grafts concentrated both halogens about equally.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

The effect of nicotine on the delay of gastric emptying.

The effect of cigarette smoking and its active component, nicotine, on the gastric emptying of solid food was assessed in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Ten regular smokers were studied after a 6 h fast and least 18 h after their last cigarette. Subjects smoked a total of three high (1.91 mg) or low (0.17 mg) nicotine cigarettes, before and after a technetium-labelled solid meal and were scanned by gamma camera periodically over a 2-h period. All calculations of gastric emptying revealed a significant delay after smoking high versus low nicotine cigarettes in: mean per cent isotope remaining in the stomach at each measurement point from 90-120 min; amount of meal remaining in the stomach at 2 h; and mean time at which 50% of the meal had emptied (T1/2). Delay in gastric emptying was significantly correlated with increase in serum nicotine concentration on the high nicotine day.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Spastic cerebral palsy: possible spinal interneuronal contributions.

The author explores the possibility that abnormal and immature spinal interneuronal circuits play a rôle in spastic cerebral palsy. Interneuronal abnormalities could account for a number of characteristic signs: sensitivity to normally innocuous stimuli, hyperreflexia, abnormal and inappropriate co-ordination patterns, and limitations in acquiring, planning, executing and correcting skillful actions. The precise pattern of interneuronal anomalies present will depend on the original site of the lesion, age at onset, and on how central and segmental development were affected. Although the number of relevant studies is very small, there are indications that long-term training can produce changes in segmental response, both by altering descending inhibition and by producing lasting changes in spinal neuronal organisation and responsiveness. Modern recording techniques have introduced the prospect of tracing immature and abnormal segmental components and of establishing their impacts on movement control.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1988

Toxicity of astatine-211 in the mouse.

The toxicity of the alpha particle emitting halogen astatine-211 was examined in male and female mice. Pathological changes were seen in mice killed at 14 days and/or at 56 days following a single injection of 61 kBq211 At per g body weight. The tissues affected, in order of severity were: spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, gonads, thyroid, salivary glands and stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Futile substrate cycles in the glycolytic pathway of boar and rat spermatozoa and the effect of alpha-chlorohydrin.

In boar spermatozoa incubated with 0.1 mM-glucose about 20 nmol glucose were converted to lactate and CO2 and the rate of futile substrate cycling between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate was about 6 nmol/10(8) spermatozoa/30 min. Futile cycling was increased in the presence of 0.05 or 1 mM-alpha-chlorohydrin but not to an extent sufficient to account for the rapid decline in ATP concentration observed under these conditions. These estimates include a substantial rate of fructose formation from fructose phosphates. The addition of 10 mM-L-lactate plus 1 mM-pyruvate protected the spermatozoa against the effect of alpha-chlorohydrin and glucose on the ATP concentration but increased futile substrate cycling. Substrate cycling between fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate could not be measured in boar spermatozoa but in rat spermatozoa its rate (nmol/10(8) spermatozoa/30 min) was about 10 under control condition and about 25 in the presence of 1 mM-alpha-chlorohydrin. This increase was insufficient to account for the decline in ATP concentration. In both species futile substrate cycling consumed a significant proportion of the ATP synthesis during lactate production but only about 5% of that produced in the oxidation of glucose to acetyl carnitine and CO2.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of astatine-211-labeled monoclonal antibody in treatment of murine T-cell lymphoma.

The short-lived isotope 211At (half-life, 7.2 hr), an alpha particle-emitting halogen, has been attached to a monoclonal antibody (anti-thy 1.1, IgG1, OX7) and used in mice in the treatment of a thy 1.1 T-cell lymphoma (A120). Forty-eight hours after receiving an iv injection of 10(3) or 10(5) A120 cells, mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, 211At-, antibody alone, or 211At conjugated to OX7. Treatment with the 211At-labeled OX7 conjugate increased the median survival time of mice and probably "cured" (survival at 200 days) 6 of the 15 mice given 10(5) cells and 21 of the 27 mice given 10(3) cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The concerted effect of alpha-chlorohydrin and glucose on the ATP concentration in spermatozoa is associated with the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates.

In the absence of a glycolysable sugar the effect of 1 mM-RS-alpha-chlorohydrin on the ATP concentration in ram or boar spermatozoa was relatively small but the addition of 0.10 or 0.03 mM-glucose initiated a rapid loss of ATP. When the spermatozoa were incubated with 0.05 mM-RS-alpha-chlorohydrin, the addition of 1.0 mM (ram) or 0.06 mM (boar)-glucose was required to produce ATP dissipation. In ram spermatozoa treated with 0.05 or 1.00 mM-RS-alpha-chlorohydrin, ATP loss was caused by 10 mM-fructose or 10 mM-mannose but not by 10 mM-glycerol or 10 mM-inositol. In boar spermatozoa incubated with 1 mM-RS-alpha-chlorohydrin the addition of 10 mM-L-lactate plus 1.0 mM-pyruvate protected the spermatozoa against the ability of 1.0 mM-glucose to produce a decline in ATP concentration. Every combination of treatments capable of inducing a marked decline in ATP concentration also caused a dramatic (20-100-fold) increase in the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. An increase in fructose 1,6-bisphosphate concentration was never observed when the ATP concentration was unaffected. We conclude that it is very probable that the concerted effect of alpha-chlorohydrin and glycolysable sugar is responsible for the contraceptive action of alpha-chlorohydrin in vivo and that fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is implicated in its mechanism of action.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Morphology and immunoelectron microscopy of AIDS virus.

Lymphocytes infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus were examined by thin-section and immunoelectron microscopy, with horseradish peroxidase as an electron-dense marker. There was no evidence of an intracytoplasmic virion precursor, but viral antigen accumulated at the plasma membrane. Particles formed at the plasma membrane, and most virus was found in extracellular spaces. Mature virus had an envelope with fuzzy surface projections surrounding a centric core and an electron-dense eccentric nucleoid.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Handicapped individuals in Kuwait.

A large-scale community screening study is proposed for Kuwait, using a schedule based on the 1980 WHO Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. The needs for accurate prevalence data are reviewed from the standpoints of establishing aetiological patterns, pinpointing opportunities for prevention and furnishing a sound basis for planning in a country with a rapidly growing population and still-developing network of care services. A permanent mechanism for monitoring prevalence trends and service needs is proposed in the form of a Multidisciplinary Handicap Register. Details of these proposals and their feasibility are discussed in the light of previous work.

Activities of Daily Living↗