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Biomedical subjects

A Haraldsson

Publications and source records attributed to A Haraldsson.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunoglobulin G, A and M light chain ratio in children.

Values for the kappa/lambda light chain ratio in immunoglobulins G, A and M and the total kappa/lambda ratio, measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, were evaluated in serum samples from different age groups (114 children, aged from 1 month to 15 years, and 20 adults). The IgG kappa/lambda ratio decreased in the first 6 months and subsequently increased slowly during childhood towards the adult value of 2.0. The IgM kappa/lambda ratio increased at a greater rate than IgG kappa/lambda ratio in the first years of life and thereafter rose slightly throughout childhood to reach an adult value of 1.7. A decreasing IgA kappa/lambda ratio was found from 1 month of age onwards to an adult value of 1.1. The pattern of total kappa/lambda ratio was similar to the IgG kappa/lambda ratio with an adult value of 2.0.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cartilage hair hypoplasia, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type McKusick: description of seven patients and review of the literature.

We describe 7 cases of cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH) with emphasis on the clinical and immunological aspects. The literature on CHH is reviewed and symptoms in 63 non-Amish cases are summarized. In this autosomal recessive disorder the immunodeficiency, hair abnormalities, and severity of skeletal involvement show extremely variable expressivity, between and within families. Two of the 3 sib-pairs among our cases demonstrate the great difference in expression within one family. At adult age roentgenological abnormalities can be very mild, or even absent. An impairment in cell-mediated immunity is present in all of our cases and seems a consistent manifestation in CHH; however, sometimes it is very subtle and without clinical symptoms.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Griscelli disease with cerebral involvement.

A 9-month-old Turkish boy was diagnosed as having Griscelli disease (Chediak-Higashi-like syndrome). Clinical signs consisted of silver-grey hair and a relatively light skin colour, recurrent episodes of fever, with or without detectable infections, increasing hepatosplenomegaly, hypotonia and motor retardation. Laboratory studies showed pancytopenia of varying degree but neither inclusion bodies nor vacuoles were seen in his leucocytes. Serum immunoglobulin levels were normal except for a IgG2 deficiency. In the mixed lymphocyte reaction the stimulation capacity of the leucocytes was decreased. Microscopic examination of his hair and electron-microscopic examination of a skin biopsy further confirmed the diagnosis. Shortly before the diagnosis was made, the child developed cerebral symptoms with hemiparesis and convulsions. A CT scan suggested cell infiltration of the brain. A few weeks later the boy died of an infection.

Albinism↗
PubMed1991

Determination of kappa and lambda light chains in serum immunoglobulins G, A and M.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for measuring kappa and lambda light chains within each of the serum immunoglobulin classes G, A and M. The detection limit was 0.06 U/L for total IgG, IgG kappa and IgG lambda, 0.2 U/L for total IgA, IgA kappa and IgA lambda and 0.5 U/L for total IgM, IgM kappa and IgM lambda. The concentrations of kappa plus lambda light chains from the three different immunoglobulins correlated well within those of total immunoglobulin G, A and M as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or by immunonephelometry. Adult values for the kappa/lambda light chain ratio were found to be 2.0 for IgG kappa/lambda, 1.1 for IgA kappa/lambda and 1.7 for IgM kappa/lambda.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunological studies in Bloom's syndrome. A follow-up report.

Longitudinal immunological studies were performed in five patients with Bloom's syndrome. Serum IgG concentration showed no age-related increase. IgA levels were below the 10th percentile in childhood, but rose to normal in all but one. IgM was decreased in four patients at diagnosis and remained so in three of them. Cellular immunity results were very variable, even within one patient. An immunologic attrition was not demonstrated.

Bloom Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of IgM antibodies to nine Legionella species in Icelandic children.

In order to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to Legionella species among children in Iceland, a prospective study was conducted in 424 children aged 1 month to 12 years, 28 of whom had an acute respiratory tract infection. Antibody titers to L. pneumophila serogroup 1-6, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, and L. micdadei were measured by microagglutination technique. Seroreactivity to Legionella spp. was found in 30% of the children greater than 3 years of age and in 22% of all children. The majority of the children with legionella antibodies had no history of previous or present respiratory tract infection. The children with previous pneumonia or bronchial asthma did not show a higher seroreactivity to legionella than children without such a history. Our observations suggests that Icelandic children are frequently exposed to Legionella species or closely related bacteria.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Cat-scratch disease].

Cat scratch disease is an infectious disorder caused by a Gram-negative bacterium. The classical form is heralded by a scratch, subsequently red papules develops at the place of the inoculation. After an incubation period of one to two weeks lympadenopathy without lymphangitis occurs, with tender, red, warm and indurated skin as well as fever and general malaise. In the atypical form, different organs may be involved. Specific treatment is not indicated and the overall prognosis is good. The diagnoses of cat scratch disease can be sustained by a skin test.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗
PubMed1989

Half-life of maternal labetalol in a premature infant.

Intra-uterine heart arrhythmia, postpartal respiratory insufficiency, bradycardia and hypoglycaemia were observed in a premature infant (37 weeks gestational age) delivered by a caesarian section. The mother had been treated with adequate doses of labetalol because of pregnancy-induced hypertension and her plasma concentration was found to be 89 micrograms/l one day after delivery. The half-life of labetalol in the plasma of the infant was found to be approximately 24 h, i.e. substantially longer than in normal adults. The half-life of labetalol in newborn premature infants may be prolonged as compared to normal adults. More studies are required regarding the pharmacokinetics of this agent in premature infants and newborn babies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thyrotoxicosis in Iceland 1980-1982. An epidemiological survey.

A nationwide survey of the incidence of clinical thyrotoxicosis in Iceland was made during the three-year period 1980-1982. An annual incidence of 23.6 per 100 000 inhabitants was found, females outnumbering males by 4.2:1; 72% of all patients were aged 20-49. Graves' disease was considered the cause in 83.3% of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The effect of insulin on delayed augmented mast-cell mediated mitogenesis in diabetic rats.

Delayed augmented mitogenic reactivity follows mast-cell secretion in mesentery and skin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats with 4-week insulin-deficiency (Norrby 1982; Norrby et al. 1982; Norrby 1983). In such rats the basal proliferation is essentially unchanged in the mesentery and skin, whereas it is significantly increased in the small gut and significantly decreased in the kidney. On treating rats with 4-week-old diabetes with very-long-acting insulin for over 3 days (16 U/kg X 2 daily) the basal proliferation of the small gut and the kidney apparently became normal, the body weight increased, and the blood glucose concentration dropped substantially and progressively. However, insulin-treatment did not affect the mast-cell-dependent mitogenesis in the mesentery following intraperitoneal injection of the mast-cell secretagogue compound 48/80, as judged by specific DNA activity and mitosis counting. We conclude that some metabolic or cellular feature of diabetes which is not restored by 3-day insulin treatment, and not insulin deficiency itself, is the cause of the delayed increased mitogenic reactivity that follows mast-cell secretion in diabetic rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoglobulin class and subclass concentrations after treatment of childhood leukemia.

With greatly increased survival rates after childhood leukemia during the last 3 decades, the long-term effects of the treatment have become more evident. The disease and its treatment impair the immune system, but the duration of this impairment is unknown. The authors studied the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses in 20 Icelandic children cured of leukemia on average 8 years and 3 months after their treatment ended. Although no marked deviations were found in the concentrations of the main immunoglobulin classes IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE, the IgG subclass levels were below reference values. The patients had on average 0.9 of age standardized reference values of IgG1, 0.5 of IgG2, 0.8 of IgG3, and 0.7 of IgG4. However, none had any autoimmune diseases or a markedly increased tendency for infections. The results indicate that although the immunoglobulin classes regain their normal values within a few years after cessation of treatment, recovery of the IgG subclasses, especially IgG2, is impaired.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Light chain ratios and concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M in childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The light chain ratios and the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM were measured before, during, and after antileukemic therapy in 10 patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM decreased substantially during treatment but recovered slowly after cessation of the therapy. The light chain ratios were not systematically affected, but at diagnosis the kappa/lambda ratios of total serum Igs, IgG, and in particular IgM were somewhat lower in the patient group compared with an age-matched reference group. It is concluded that, despite a decrease in serum Ig concentrations, virtually normal kappa/lambda ratios are preserved, indicating that kappa and lambda syntheses are affected to the same extent. These ratios remained normal for age during the recovery of the serum Ig concentrations; the features as described for the development of the light chain ratios in childhood were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postmortem findings in the Nijmegen breakage syndrome.

Autopsy findings for two patients with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) are presented. This syndrome has the same type of immunologic and cytogenetic abnormalities as ataxia telangiectasia (AT). In NBS, however, microcephaly is found and progressive cerebellar ataxia and oculocutaneous telangiectasia are lacking. We demonstrate a clear neuropathologic difference between these two syndromes, as the diffuse cortical cerebellar degeneration characteristic of AT was absent in NBS. In the thymus the histologic picture was suggestive of simple dysplasia. Lymphoid tissues were slightly atrophic but otherwise structurally normal. In one of the two presented cases an extranodal diffuse large cell malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B cell immunoblastic type was found in Waldeyer's ring, in the small and large intestines, and in the brain, whose sequelae had caused death. Six of the 19 patients known with certainty to have this syndrome have developed lymphoid malignancy, which indicates that these patients are prone to develop malignancies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗