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Biomedical subjects

A Hara

Publications and source records attributed to A Hara.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Complete prevention of acetylcholine induced coronary artery spasm with nifedipine.

A 63-year-old woman has been known to have angina pectoris due to coronary artery (CA) spasm. An intra-left CA infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) provoked spasms of the left CA and an anginal attack. After daily oral administration of nifedipine (NIF) for 2 weeks, intra-CA re-infusion study of ACh did not provoke any CA spasms. This is the first report to demonstrate the complete prevention of ACh-induced CA spasm with nifedipine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Relation of prognosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy to the period between onset of illness and date of denervation.

The presence or absence of the denervation is one of the important factors to determine the prognosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy and it is generally accepted that the denervation becomes apparent within 2 weeks from the onset of illness. In the present study, 62 cases with denervation in which nerve excitability test (NET) was possible within 1 week from the onset of illness were selected for analysis. Although 47 cases exhibited the denervation within 2 weeks, it was first detected after 2 weeks in other 15. Although the prognosis was far better in the latter group, 2 cases exhibited the unfavorable recovery. These results indicate the importance of NET even 2 weeks after the onset of illness.

Denervation↗
PubMed1988

[Central nervous cryptococcosis giving rise to ascites after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting--a case report].

The ascites retention as a complication after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (V-P shunt) is very rare. In this paper, a case of central nervous cryptococcosis giving rise to ascites after a V-P shunt is presented. A 45-year-old female was referred to Prefectural Gifu Hospital complaining of nausea and disturbance of recent memory. She had no remarkable medical history. CT scan films on admission showed enlarged ventricles except for the fourth ventricle, indicating an obstructed hydrocephalus. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations revealed an increase in cell counts (mostly lymphocytes) and protein content, and positive Pandy and Nonne-Apelt reactions. Based on this information, it was tentatively suggested that she had a certain infection in the central nervous system such as mycosis or tuberculosis etc. Continuous ventricular drainage was performed for about three weeks. During this period, several lumbar and ventricular CSF cultures were negative. Therefore, a V-P shunt operation was performed. However, about seven weeks after the V-P shunt, she developed abdominal distention without any peritoneal signs. Abdominal CT scan films showed an abnormal ascites retention. Laboratory tests revealed positive CRP and increased ESR values. Again, it was suggested that she had not only a central nervous but also a peritoneal infection giving rise to ascites. From samples of ventricular CSF and ascites, cryptococcus neoformans was cultured. The lumbar CSF revealed positive latex agglutination titer for cryptococcal antigen, although the culture was negative. The ascites examination revealed an increase in cell counts (mostly lymphocytes) and protein content, and positive Rivalta and Runneberg reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ascites↗
PubMed1988

[Occlusion of a perforating artery, by descending tentorial herniation after head injury, supplying deep cerebral structure--report of 4 cases and their CT evaluation].

Four cases with descending tentorial herniation (DTH) after head injury which showed thalamic, mesencephalic and basal ganglionic low density areas (LDAs) manifesting a infarction in postoperative CT films are reported, and a possible mechanism are discussed in this paper. Case 1: Bilateral acute subdural hematoma with left DTH showed LDAs in the anterior part of the bilateral thalami, left occipital lobe and midbrain. The estimated occluded arteries included the anterior thalamoperforating artery(AThA), posterior cerebral artery and midbrain perforator. Case 2: Right acute epidural hematoma with DTH showed LDAs in the anterior part of the right thalamus and in the left globus pallidus. The estimated occluded arteries included the AThA and anterior choroidal artery. Case 3: Right acute epidural hematoma with DTH showed LDAs in the anterior part of the left thalamus, and in the left midbrain tegmentum. The estimated occluded artery was the interpeduncular thalamoperforating artery (IThA). Case 4: Right chronic subdural hematoma with DTH showed LDA mainly in the left thalamus except for the superior thalamic region. The estimated occluded arteries included the AThA and/or IThA and thalamogeniculate artery. Cases 1 and 4 were adult males and cases 2 and 3 were infant males, and the prognosis was good in the infant males, and poor in the adult males. Each of the 4 cases showed no loss of consciousness just after the head injury while 3 out of them deteriorated within several hours, and one was a case of chronic subdural hematoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Glycosphingolipids in sheep liver, kidney, and various blood cells.

Sheep liver, kidney, bone marrow, and erythrocytes gave their own specific patterns of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids. A major neutral glycosphingolipid was found to be lactosylceramide in the liver and bone marrow, glucosylceramide in the kidney, and Forssman glycolipid in the erythrocytes, respectively. The Forssman glycolipid was not found in the liver, kidney, bone marrow, leukocytes, platelets and plasma even by a sensitive thin layer chromatography immunostaining, but two unknown glycosphingolipids, reactive to Forssman antibody, were slightly recognized in addition to Forssman glycolipid in the erythrocytes. Sulfolipids were found certainly in the kidney, but not found in the other tissues and cells. GM3 as a major ganglioside and other minor gangliosides whose sialic acids consisted of both N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid were found in liver, kidney, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma, whereas the sheep erythrocytes were found to contain three major gangliosides of GM3, disialosyltetraglycosylceramide (probably disialosyllactoneotetraosylceramide) and disialosylhexaglycosylceramide (probably disialosyllacto-norhexaosylceramide) which had N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Purification and partial characterization of dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenase from monkey kidney.

Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity was detected in the cytosol of several monkey tissues, among which kidney exhibited the highest activity and contained a high-molecular weight (Mr approximately 65,000) enzyme species. The enzyme species was purified to apparent homogeneity and showed a subunit molecular weight of 39,000. The enzyme oxidized benzene dihydrodiol (Km = 0.9 mM) at a pH optimum of 9.8, and highly reduced vicinal diketones such as camphorquinone (Km = 0.1 mM) and diacetyl (Km = 0.8 mM) around pH 7.5, but alicyclic alcohols, hydroxysteroids and ketosteroids were inactive substrates for this enzyme. Quercitrin, SH-reagents, stilbestrol were inhibitory to the enzyme activity, but other synthetic estrogens, anti-inflammatory agents and 3-ketosteroids were not.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1987

Purification and properties of two multiple forms of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase from guinea-pig testis.

NADP+-dependent dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.1.20) activity in the cytosol of guinea-pig testis was separated into two major and two minor peaks by Q-Sepharose chromatography; one minor form was immunologically cross-reacted with hepatic aldehyde reductase. The two major enzyme forms were purified to homogeneity. One form, which had the highest amount in the tissue, was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 32,000 and isoelectric point of 4.2, showed strict specificity for benzene dihydrodiol and NADP+, and reduced pyridine aldehydes, glyceraldehyde and diacetyl at low rates. Another form, with a molecular weight of 36,000 and isoelectric point of 5.0, oxidized n-butanol, glycerol and sorbitol as well as benzene dihydrodiol in the presence of NADP+ or NAD+, and exhibited much higher reductase activity towards various aldehydes, aldoses and diacetyl. The pI 5.0 form was more sensitive to inhibition by sorbinil and p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate than the pI 4.2 form and was activated by sulfate ion. The two enzymes did not catalyze the oxidation of hydroxysteroids and xenobiotic alicyclic alcohols and were immunologically different from hepatic 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. The results indicate that guinea-pig testis contains at least two dihydrodiol dehydrogenases distinct from the hepatic enzymes, one of which, the pI 5.0 enzyme form, may be identical to aldose reductase.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between coronary flow and adenosine release during severe and mild hypoxia in the isolated perfused rat heart with special reference to time-course change.

The contribution of endogenous adenosine to coronary vasodilation induced by global myocardial hypoxia was examined. In isolated rat hearts perfused by means of Langendorff's technique, the relationship between chronological changes in coronary flow and adenosine release during hypoxia was analyzed. The oxygenation level of myoglobin (MbO2), myocardial oxygen uptake, lactate release, and left ventricular pressure (LVP) was also measured. Adenosine was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the MbO2 levels by the optical method. Severe hypoxia (20% O2 + 75% N2 + 5% CO2) increased coronary flow, adenosine release, and lactate release and decreased both myocardial oxygen uptake and LVP. Mild hypoxia (50% O2 + 45% N2 + 5% CO2) also increased coronary flow, adenosine release, and lactate release, while it affected neither myocardial oxygen uptake nor LVP. These results suggest that the oxygen supply is compensated by an increase in coronary flow in mild hypoxia, whereas this does not occur in severe hypoxia. Changes in MbO2 were the reverse of those in coronary flow during severe hypoxia, confirming that a decrease in intracellular oxygen correlates well with an increase in coronary flow. The pattern of changes in adenosine release, however, was not identical with that in coronary flow in severe and mild hypoxia, indicating that there is no significant relationship between coronary flow and adenosine release in either severe or mild hypoxic hearts. These findings suggest that adenosine is not the only metabolic mediator of regulation of coronary flow in hypoxic hearts.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1987

The expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 in the noncancerous colorectal epithelia of familial polyposis coli.

The epithelial expression of carbohydrate antigen, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) was examined immunohistochemically in noncancerous specimens from patients with familial polyposis coli, and compared with the colorectal epithelia from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. In mucosa remote from carcinoma of sporadic cases, SSEA-1 was expressed only faintly in the lower crypts. In mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, SSEA-1 was expressed not only in the lower crypts but also in the upper crypts. These results corresponded to those observed in the authors' previous study. In the flat mucosa of familial polyposis coli cases, SSEA-1 was detected not only in the lower crypts, but also in both upper crypts and the surface epithelium in contrast with the flat mucosa of sporadic cases. The staining pattern in the upper crypts of the flat mucosa of familial polyposis coli cases was very similar to that of the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, but was stronger and more diffuse in the surface epithelium. In microscopic adenomas, SSEA-1 was expressed diffusely. These results demonstrate that the flat mucosa of patients with familial polyposis coli shows preneoplastic changes similar to those in the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, and that SSEA-1 is related to adenoma formation in the early stage of carcinogenesis in the colorectum. In addition, the results suggest that immunohistochemical studies of flat mucosa may be useful for the early detection of high-risk individuals in a familial polyposis coli family.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1987

Differentiation-associated carbohydrate chain on human hematopoietic cells recognized by Clerodendron trichotomum lectin.

In the screening of hematopoietic cell line cell aggregations, the extract of Clerodendron trichotomum seed was found to aggregate K-562 and KG-1 specifically. In the flow cytometric analysis using FITC-conjugated purified CTL, it was confirmed that CTL recognizes the specific carbohydrate(s) which seem to appear only in the early stages of differentiation of myeloid (KG-1) and erythroid (K-562) cell line cells and erythrocytes. The CTL binding to K-562 cells was decreased by TPA treatment which is known to induce retrodifferentiation of K-562. It is also found that this carbohydrate(s) were shaded with NANA on the differentiated cells. In the erythrocyte, CTL receptor was partially shaded by NANA.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1987

Occurrence of sulfatide as a major glycosphingolipid in WHHL rabbit serum lipoproteins.

Glycosphingolipids in serum and lipoproteins from Watanabe hereditable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL rabbit), which is an animal model for human familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), were analyzed for the first time in this study. Chylomicrons and very low density, low density, and high density lipoproteins contained sulfatide as a major glycosphingolipid (12 nmol/mumol total phospholipids (PL) in chylomicrons, 19 nmol/mumol PL in VLDL, 18 nmol/mumol PL in LDL, and 14 nmol/mumol PL in HDL) with other minor glycosphingolipids such as glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, GM3 ganglioside, lactosylceramide, and globotriaosylceramide. The concentration of sulfatide as a major glycosphingolipid in WHHL rabbit serum (121 nmol/ml) was much higher than that in normal rabbit serum (3 nmol/ml). Fatty acids of the sulfatides comprised mainly nonhydroxy fatty acids (C22, 23, and 24) and significant amounts of hydroxy fatty acids (about 10%) whereas long chain bases of the sulfatides comprised mostly (4E)-sphingenine with a significant amount of 4D-hydroxysphinganine (about 10%). Furthermore, sulfatides in the liver and small intestine from normal and WHHL rabbits (where serum lipoproteins are produced) were determined to amount to 260 nmol/g liver in WHHL rabbit, 104 nmol/g liver in control rabbit, 99.6 nmol/g small intestine in WHHL rabbit, and 31.2 nmol/g small intestine in control rabbit. Ceramide portions of the sulfatides in the liver were mainly composed of (4E)-sphingenine and nonhydroxy fatty acids, while those in the small intestine were mainly composed of 4D-hydroxysphinganine and hydroxy fatty acids. These results indicated that the sulfatides of serum lipoproteins were mostly derived from the liver (90% of the total), and that the remaining sulfatides (10% of the total) might be derived from the small intestine. These two sulfatides, which have different ceramide portions, could be useful markers for metabolic and biosynthetic studies of various lipoproteins in WHHL rabbit, and thus would be helpful to further elucidate the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Kinetic and stereochemical studies on reaction mechanism of mouse liver 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

The kinetic mechanism of two major monomeric 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from mouse liver cytosol was studied at pH 7 in both directions with NADP(H) and three steroid substrates: testosterone, 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 17 beta-diol, and estradiol-17 beta. In each case the reaction mechanism of the two enzymes was sequential, and inhibition patterns by-products and dead-end inhibitors were consisted with an ordered bi bi mechanism with the coenzyme binding to the free enzyme, although there was difference in affinity and maximum velocity for the steroidal substrates between the two enzymes. Binding studies of the coenzyme and substrate indicate the binding of coenzyme to the free enzyme, in which 1 mol of NADPH binds to 1 mol of each monomeric enzyme. The 4-pro-R-hydrogen atom of NADPH was transferred to the alpha-face of the steroid molecule by the two enzymes.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗