Stereotypes of college students in Hyderabad (Pakistan) toward the ingroup and the outgroup during the Indo-Pakistan war.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
Biomedical subjects
A Haque
Publications and source records attributed to A Haque.
Direct injection analysis of chlorzoxazone and its major metabolite 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone in human serum using a semipermeable surface (SPS) HPLC column.
A semipermeable surface (SPS) HPLC column has been used to develop a direct injection method for the simultaneous determination of chlorzoxazone and its 6-hydroxy metabolite in serum. Spiked serum was filtered and 20 microL injected directly onto the SPS column. The separation was achieved within 25 min using a mobile phase of 20:80 v/v acetonitrile-aqueous 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7 with detection at 230 nm. The method was linear in the concentration range 0.5-20 micrograms/mL (r > 0.999, n = 6) with an RSD < 5%. The limits of quantitation and detection were 0.5 microgram/mL and 0.1 microgram/mL (S/N > 3), respectively, for both drug and metabolite. Intraday and interday reproducibility was < or = 6% with recoveries of drug and metabolite > 94%.
Chlorzoxazone↗
Risk factors for cerebral hypoperfusion, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia.
Putative risk factors accelerating mild cognitive decline and dementia were correlated with repeated measures of cerebral atrophy, CT, densitometry, perfusions, and cognitive testing among neurologically and cognitively normative aging volunteers. A total of 224 normative subjects at increased risk for cognitive decline were admitted to the study. Mean entry age was 59.5 +/- 15.8 years. Mean follow-up is 5.8 +/- 3.3 years. At follow-up, 22 developed mild cognitive impairment (41 CCSE >/= -3), 19 became demented-8 with Vascular type (VAD), 11 with Alzheimer's type (DAT)-and 183 remain cognitively unchanged. Cerebral atrophy, tissue densities, and perfusions were measured by Xe-CT. After age 60, cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and polio- and leuko-araiosis geometrically increased as perfusions declined. Risk factors accelerating perfusional decline, cerebral atrophy, polio-araiosis, and leuko-araiosis were: transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and male gender. At age 71.5 +/- 11.9, mild cognitive impairment began accelerated by TIAs, hypertension and heart disease. Leuko-araiosis began before cognitive decline. TIAs, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia correlated with VAD. Excessive cortical perfusional decrease, gray and white matter hypodensities, and cerebral atrophy correlate with cognitive decline.
Adult↗
Retrospective analysis of abdominal surgeries at Nepalgunj Medical College (NGMC), Nepalgunj, Nepal: 2 year's experience.
BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgeries are the commonest major operations that are performed in the department of surgery. AIM: To find out the different causes of emergency and elective abdominal surgeries at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital (NGMCTH) Nepalgunj, Nepal. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of surgery at NGMCTH Nepalgunj, Nepal, over a period of 2 years (2001 to 2003). The patients included in this study were drawn from Banke, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur, Surkhet, Dang, Dailake, and Tikapur. They belong to both sexes and different age groups. All the records of these patients under went laparotomy for elective as well as emergency conditions were included in this study. The data were analyzed; tabulated and following results were obtained. RESULTS: The commonest cause of emergency laparotomies were peritonitis (peptic ulcer, enteric and appendicular perforations) whereas, the commonest cause of elective laparotomies were chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis followed by chronic appendicitis and pyloric obstruction. CONCLUSION: Over all, cholecystectomy for cholecystitis with cholelithiasis was the commonest operation, which was done in last two years. This disease may be because of excessive use of saturated animal fat and vegetable oil. Peritonitis was the 2nd commonest cause of abdominal surgery. Among the causes of peritonitis, peptic ulcer perforations were the frequent followed by enteric and appendicular perforations. Appendicitis was the 3rd commonest cause of abdominal surgery. Nepal, being a Hindu country, people consume excessive amount of meat, and possibly due to this, the disease of the appendix was very high as compared to other Asian countries where people live on bulk cellulose diet.
Abdomen↗
New insights in antigen processing and epitope selection: development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
Current evidence suggests that MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T-cells play a crucial role in orchestrating host immune responses against cancer as well as autoimmune and infectious diseases. Antigens must be processed within endosomal and lysosomal compartments of antigen presenting cells (APC) before binding to MHC class II molecules for display to T-cells. Only a limited number of processed peptides termed immunodominant are selected for display by MHC class II molecules and prove capable of inducing strong T-cell responses. Thus processing reactions within APC are of central importance for the development of effective vaccines as they modulate the number of peptide: class II complexes by enhancing or disrupting epitope formation and display. Studies suggest that there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of how antigen processing and presentation by APC regulates epitope selection and immunodominance in disease situations. Here we describe new insights in antigen processing and epitope selection with relevance to immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
Animals↗