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Biomedical subjects

A Haq

Publications and source records attributed to A Haq.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets associated with marathon running.

The percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes that reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for T-lymphocytes (CD3 cells), the helper/inducer subsets (CD4 cells), and cytotoxic/suppressor subsets (CD8 cells) of T-lymphocytes, and cells with NK activity (CD16 cells) were enumerated by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry for samples obtained immediately before and after the marathon running. It was found that long-term physical exercise resulted in a significant (P < 0.04 for relative and P < 0.008 for absolute lymphocytes) reduction in CD3 cells. A significant (P < 0.009) percentage change was also observed in B lymphocytes (CD19 cells) right after the marathon. The number of NK (CD16 cells) lymphocyte subsets was significantly (P < 0.05 for relative and P < 0.03 for absolute lymphocytes) changed. No significant changes were recorded for CD4, CD8, or CD4/CD8 ratios after the marathon run. A marked leukocytosis was noticed after the endurance exercise and the mean white blood cell (WBC number was increased from 7.8 +/- 2.6 to 22.9 +/- 2.8 x 10(9) cells x 1-1) count was changed by a factor of 2.9. The mean serum cortisol was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased. No hematocrit change was recorded in subjects pre- to post-run. The results of this study demonstrated that long-term physical exercise (marathon running) influenced the T-cell subsets remarkably and produced leukocytosis that was stress dependent and correlated with the increased serum cortisol levels and not the hemoconcentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bioavailability and toxicity to rats of bound residues of 14C-pirimiphos-methyl in stored wheat.

Wheat grains were treated with 14C-pirimiphos-methyl to generate bound residues for testing their bioavailability to rats. Bound residues accounted for 25% of the applied dose (50 ppm) at the end of one year. When the grain bound residues were fed to rats for 48 hours the animals eliminated 30 and 40% of the administered dose in urine and feces respectively, after 5 days. Radioactivity in some selected organs and blood accounted for 37% of the administered dose after 2 days, which gradually declined to 1% after 5 days. These data indicate that wheat-bound pirimiphos-methyl residues are moderately bioavailable to rats. In a 90-day feeding study, inhibition of plasma cholinesterase and brain acetylcholinesterase strongly suggest that the bound residues possess a toxicological potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Coronary patency, infarct size and left ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results from the tissue plasminogen activator: Toronto (TPAT) placebo-controlled trial. TPAT Study Group.

Infarct size, left ventricular function and infarct-related coronary artery patency were examined in 108 patients who took part in a previously reported placebo-controlled trial of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography was performed 17 +/- 0.8 h after initiation of treatment in 47 patients (group A) or at 10 days in 61 patients (group B). Both groups underwent radionuclide ventriculography 3.8 +/- 0.8 h and again on day 9 after treatment and quantitative thallium scintigraphy on day 8. In group A, the infarct-related artery was patent in 53%; these patients had a smaller global (15.1 +/- 2.5% vs. 25.7 +/- 4.7%, p = 0.029) and regional (14.7 +/- 2.5% vs. 24.1 +/- 4.7%, p = 0.044) fixed thallium defect than did those with an occluded artery. Infarct regional ejection fraction improved by 10.1 +/- 2.1% between early and late studies when the infarct-related artery was patent and by 4.8 +/- 1.4% if it was occluded (p = 0.048); changes in global and noninfarct regional ejection fraction were similar irrespective of perfusion status. Infarct regional ejection fraction and fixed thallium defect were inversely related only when the infarct-related artery was occluded (r = -0.83, p less than 0.0001). In group B, 10 day patency of the infarct-related artery was 67%; there was no difference in patency by treatment assignment or in left ventricular function or infarct size between patients with and without infarct-related artery patency. There was no evidence of an effect of rt-PA therapy beyond that expressed through coronary patency alone in either group A or group B.

Coronary Vessels↗
PubMed1991

Assigning priority to patients requiring coronary revascularization: consensus principles from a panel of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.

In light of lengthy waiting lists for coronary surgery in Canada, a panel of 16 cardiologists and cardiac surgeons was convened to derive guiding principles for ranking how urgently diverse patients with angiographically proven coronary disease require revascularization. Factors likely to affect urgency were agreed upon by the panelists and incorporated into a case scenario questionnaire. Each panelist then rated 438 case scenarios with respect to maximum acceptable waiting time on a scale with seven time frames ranging from emergency surgery ('level 1') to delays of up to six months ('level 7'). The scenario rating process facilitated attainment of a panel consensus. The purpose of the principles is to assist in assigning priorities to patients according to both symptoms and risk of death or additional morbidity from ischemic events. The pattern or severity of the patient's anginal symptoms and the response of those symptoms to medical therapy emerged as the single most important determinant of the level of urgency. Anatomy and noninvasive tests of ischemic risk were the other key determinants of priority. All other factors were less important, and operated largely within a given level of urgency on the seven-point scale. The principles, including explicit ranking criteria divided according to angina class, are outlined in this final report. The panel specifically cautioned that adoption of such principles is not designed to countenance delays in treatment, but if necessary, should help form more rational queues for coronary revascularization.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Cardiovascular effects of levobunolol eyedrops in healthy subjects.

The cardiovascular side effects of the abrupt cessation of treatment with 0.5% levobunolol hydrochloride eyedrops in 10 healthy subjects (5 women and 5 men) aged 18 to 30 years were investigated in a double-blind randomized crossover study. The subjects received either levobunolol eyedrops or placebo drops for 7 days, then, after a 14-day washout period, they received the alternative drops for 7 days. The heart rate and blood pressure at rest, the maximal heart rate and blood pressure on treadmill exercise stress testing and duration of exercise were recorded before treatment began, at the end of treatment and 14 days after withdrawal of the drops. The mean resting heart rate was significantly lower during treatment with levobunolol than with placebo (p less than 0.05). The mean exercise duration was significantly longer during treatment with levobunolol (p less than 0.05); to our knowledge, we are the first to report this finding. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure, double product (product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure) or maximal heart rate between the groups at any measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pattern of burn injuries at a Kenyan provincial hospital.

Burns are a significant cause of hospital admission in African countries. This study illustrates that the factors contributing to the burn injury, the susceptible populations, the hospital conditions and the causes of mortality are different from those experienced in the West. Suggestions to reduce the risks and improve first aid treatment of burns are discussed.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1990

Potencies of mioflazine and its derivatives as inhibitors of adenosine transport in isolated erythrocytes from different species.

The potency of mioflazine and related drugs (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Belgium) as inhibitors of adenosine transport in isolated erythrocytes from several species were measured and compared with those of dilazep and 6-(4-nitrobenzylmercapto)purine ribonucleoside (NBMPR). [8-3H]Adenosine was used as the permeant at 1 microM and incubation times were 10 s, and assays were conducted in the presence and absence of varying doses of potential transport inhibitors. The species investigated included mouse, hamster, rabbit, baboon and man. Dilazep was the most potent compound throughout with an IC50 of about 2 nM. In the mouse and hamster mioflazine and its derivatives were considerably less potent (IC50 values greater than 200 nM) with the exception of R57974 with IC50 values of about 150 and 60 nM in mouse and hamster, respectively. In the man and baboon the derivatives had IC50 values in the same order of magnitude as NBMPR (less than 100 nM), and in the rabbit they had potencies close to that of NBMPR, ranging between 10-60 nM. Nucleoside transport inhibitors are of potential importance as host protectors during treatment of parasitic infections with cytotoxic nucleosides. Present data indicate that mioflazine and its derivatives are not very potent in some of the preferred animal models for parasitic infections (mouse, hamster) but are more effective in primates such as man and baboon.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

Pressure therapy in treatment of hypertrophic scar, burn contracture and keloid: the Kenyan experience.

A preliminary report of the results of pressure therapy for hypertrophic scar, burn contracture and keloid is presented. Thirty four patients over a four year period were treated with four types of pressure therapy. Results showed over 50% improvement in 21 (61.8%) cases. This method obviated the need for repetitive surgery and no recurrence was noted. Pressure therapy is advocated as an adjunct measure for all cases of hypertrophic scarring, burn contracture and keloid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Tissue plasminogen activator: Toronto (TPAT) placebo-controlled randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction.

The efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) administered on a dosing per weight basis was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in 115 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The principal outcomes were global and regional left ventricular function in the distribution of the qualifying myocardial infarction, determined 9 days after the onset of symptoms. Global and regional ejection fraction values were significantly better for patients treated with rt-PA than for placebo-treated patients (the differences were 5.8 +/- 2.7% units [p = 0.017] and 7.1 +/- 3.1% units [p = 0.012], respectively). This benefit was also evident from visual assessment of left ventricular segmental wall motion. After adjustment for differences in important prognostic variables at baseline, the estimates of treatment effect were 4.0 +/- 2.4% units (p = 0.048) for global and 4.3 +/- 2.6% units (p = 0.047) for regional ejection fraction. Early patency of the infarct-related vessel was demonstrable in 7 (29%) of 24 placebo-treated patients and 18 (78%) of 23 rt-PA-treated patients, whereas 15 (56%) of 27 patients in the placebo group and 23 (72%) of 32 in the rt-PA group had a patent infarct-related vessel at hospital day 9. There was no significant difference in irreversible or reversible defect size as assessed by thallium scintigraphy on day 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1989

A simple procedure for the isolation of schistosomules for biochemical studies or culture.

Incubation of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni in a 1:1 mixture of Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium and rat serum at 42 degrees C for only 5 minutes, plus subsequent vortexing, resulted in at least 98% conversion of cercariae to schistosomules. Subsequent centrifugation before or after settling for 30 minutes in an ice bath, resulted in schistosomule preparations with about 20% or 10% contamination with tail segments, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Macrophage spreading inhibition test as an alternate method for in vitro assessment of cell-mediated immunity against Entamoeba histolytica.

During cellular immune responses sensitized lymphocytes release a number of mediators collectively known as 'lymphokines'. The assaying of macrophage spreading inhibition (MSI) factor released by sensitized lymphocytes was employed as an alternative procedure for in vitro detection of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in animals immunized with amoeba antigen preparation. The MSI test was compared with macrophage migration inhibition test. A well defined CMI was detectable in animals immunized by amoebic antigen in combination with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Macrophage spreading was found greatly inhibited when peritoneal exudate cells from these animals were cultured in the presence of specific antigen. The optimal time for the development of typical reaction was 30 min. Incubation for a longer time resulted in macrophage clumping.

Amebiasis↗