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Biomedical subjects

A Hanson

Publications and source records attributed to A Hanson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, diflunisal, indomethacin, indoprofen and indobufen.

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique was developed which allowed concurrent measurement of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) in plasma. ASA was extensively deacetylated to SA not only in vivo but also in vitro, even in frozen plasma. The in vitro conversion could be prevented by physostigmine. In vivo, ASA was eliminated within few hours, whereas SA was continuously present following daily administration of conventional doses of ASA. A slight modification of a similar method, originally developed for naproxen determination [9], was found appropriate for measurement of the SA derivative diflunisal, of two non-SA antiinflammatory agents, indomethacin and indoprofen, and of a related anti-platelet agent, indobufen.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1981

Varying distribution of acetylation phenotypes in RA patients with and without Sjögren's syndrome.

The acetylator phenotype status was studied in 61 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of whom 27 had associated Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The acetylation tests were carried out by means of isoniazid and in 24 patients also with the use of dapsone; there was complete agreement between the outcome of the two tests. The results showed that the frequency of slow acetylators in the whole material was 59%. In RA patients with SS, however, the frequency of slow acetylators was as great as 78%, while it was only 44% among patients without SS (p less than 0.02). Thus, there appears to exist a (pharmaco) genetic difference between RA patients with and without SS. In addition, toxicodermias were found to be more frequent in RA patients with than without SS (P less than 0.01). However, this could not be systematically correlated to slow acetylation.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1980

Epidural block with chloroprocaine during labour.

Lumbar epidural block was performed during labour in 50 healthy women, with 2% chloroprocaine in an initial dose of about 6 ml. Pain relief was achieved within 5 min and the mean duration of action was 43 min. The frequency of instrumental deliveries was lower than earlier obtained with bupivacaine. No specific adverse reactions were found in the infants. In 20 cases, serum cholinesterase activity was analysed in mothers as well as infants and found to be normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Respiratory function changes after asbestos pleurisy.

Six patients with radiographic evidence of diffuse pleural thickening after industrial asbestos exposure are described. Five had computed tomography of the thorax. All the scans showed marked circumferential pleural thickening often with calcification, and four showed no significant evidence of intrapulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis). Lung function testing showed reduction of the inspiratory capacity and the single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO). The transfer coefficient, calculated as the TLCO divided by the alveolar volume determined by helium dilution during the measurement of TLCO, was increased. Pseudo-static compliance curves showed markedly more negative intrapleural pressures at all lung volumes than found in normal people. These results suggest that the circumferential pleural thickening was preventing normal lung expansion despite abnormally great distending pressures. The pattern of lung function tests is sufficiently distinctive for it to be recognised in clinical practice, and suggests that the lungs are held rigidly within an abnormal pleura. The pleural thickening in our patients may have been related to the condition described as "benign asbestos pleurisy" rather than the interstitial fibrosis of asbestosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Purification of a mannan from Candida albicans which activates serum complement.

Candida species activate complement by the alternative pathway, induce leukocyte migration and, when applied epicutaneously, cause epidermal microabscesses of neutrophils in man and experimental animals. Complement activation by C. albicans appears to be a property of the cell wall. To biochemically identify the complement-activating constituent(s) of C. albicans, an ethyleneglycol extract of growth phase blastospores was prepared. Acid hydrolysis and neutral sugar analysis revealed mannose (82%), fucose (7%), and glucose (11%). The soluble, mannose-rich cell wall polysaccharide of C. albicans activates serum complement via the alternative pathway, induces neutrophil chemotaxis and is antigenically reactive with antisera to C. albicans. This constituent exhibits in vitro endotoxin-like activity as measured by Limulus lysate gelation, but is nonpyrogenic in rabbits. The extracts produced precipitin lines in double immunodiffusion studies against serum from patients with invasive candidiasis and rabbit antisera to mycelial and blastospore preparations of C. albicans, but not against normal serum. Thus, pathogenic properties and reactive phenomenon of C. albicans are in part attributable to a cell wall polysaccharide, mannan.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of quinidine Lipettes -- a sustained release preparation.

A new sustained release preparation (Lipettes) of quinidine has been evaluated with regard to dissolution, absorption, serum concentration and side-effects. The serum levels of quinidine after single oral doses and after long-term treatment have been compared with the serum levels after administration of some other quinidine preparations on the Swedish market. The side-effects of the sustained release preparations have also been studied. Results indicated that this new sustained release quinidine preparation yields more even serum concentrations of quinidine and seemed to cause less troublesome side-effects than the marketed preparations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Mexiletine in treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. A long-term follow-up.

Maxiletine, a new drug effective in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, was given to 20 patients for approximately 2 years. The study was designed to investigate the nature and prevalence of side-effects during long-term therapy, and the degree of correlation between such effects and the serum levels of the drug. The methodology used to determine the serum level is described. Mexiletine was well tolerated and serious side-effects were not seen. In particular, antinuclear factor was not detected during the treatment period. The serum level of mexiletine was easily maintained within the therapeutic range, and most side-effects correlated closely with the drug level. Mexiletine appears to be an effective alternative to currently available antiarrhythmic agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Plasma salicylate levels in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison between micro-encapsulated and conventional aspirin.

Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis were given identical amounts of conventional aspirin (Magnecyl) tablets and micro-encapsulated aspirin (Reumyl) capsules. Steady-state salicylate levels were determined after 4 days' treatment at 8 a.m., 12 noon, 4 p.m., 10 p.m. and again at 8 a.m. No difference was noted between the levels at 12 noon or 4 p.m. The 10 p.m. levels were slightly though not significantly higher and the last set of 8 a.m. levels were significantly higher during the capsule administration. A criterion for inclusion was good tolerance of Magnecyl. The clinical effectiveness was not evaluated, but the observed good absorption features of Reumyl indicate that this preparation may prove to be of value in long-term treatment.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1978

Massive doses of procainamide for ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to myocardial infarction.

Three patients are described in whom malignant ventricular arrhythmias appeared in connection with a reinfarction some days after hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction and in whom massive doses of procainamide, up to 7.5 g/day i.v., were necessary to prevent these arrhythmias. The serum concentration of procainamide was 2--4 times higher than the recommended upper level, but no side-effects were observed. With the dose given, one would have expected still higher serum concentrations. Several reasons for this finding are discussed, including the effects of renal function, intestinal leakage, storage of the drug in tissues and hitherto unknown metabolic pathways of procainamide in patients, who are slow acetylators.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Chloroquine treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation of clinical response to plasma protein changes and chloroquine levels.

15 patients with active RA were observed over a 3-month period after starting chloroquine treatment. Clinical condition, plasma levels of chloroquine and levels of 15 individual plasma proteins were checked monthly. Nine patients responded favourably to therapy, 6 failed to respond. The responders had lower initial CRP, orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin levels, whereas their IgA and IgM levels were slightly elevated. Significant reductions in the levels of CRP, haptoglobin, orosomucoid, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin occurred in the responder group of patients. Alfa1-antitrypsin, antichymotrypsin C3 and C4 levels within the normal range were frequently encountered despite other clear-cut signs of activity. The chloroquine levels did not differ between responders and non-responders, the mean concentrations being 1.04 and 1.6 micromol/l respectively. This study has also demonstrated that in selected cases, despite active joint disease, all acute phase proteins may be normal. Finally, it was obvious that chloroquine, even when inducing remission, only brought about a partial normalization of the plasma protein pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of hydralazine bioavailability by food.

The influence of food on the bioavailability of hydralazine in noncoated and coated tablets was examined in 5 healthy males. Each subject received an oral 50-mg dose on four different occasions: two 25-mg noncoated tablets with and without food and one 50-mg coated tablet with and without food. The meal was a standardized breakfast of 440 calories. Venous blood samples were obtained during a 6-hr period, and the plasma concentrations of unmetabolized hydralazine were assessed by a selective and sensitive gas chromatographic method. The results indicate that food enhances the bioavailability of hydralazine 2- to 3-fold both when noncoated and coated tablets are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Bioavailability of propylthiouracil: Interindividual variation and influence of food intake.

The bioavailability of 6-propylthiouracil (PTU) has been examined in eight healthy volunteers, with respect to interindividual variation and influence of food intake. PTU was given as a single oral dose, both in a fasting state and together with a standardized breakfast. Numerous venous blood samples were taken during 5 hours after PTU ingestion, and the concentration of unmetabolized PTU in serum was determined by a specific gas-chromatographic technique. The observations indicate that the amount of PTU absorbed is subject to a large interindividual variation, and that concomitant food intake may exert a minor and non-systematic influence on PTU absorption. Hence, the major issue in PTU therapy is the individualization of the size and interval of dosage. Testing of single-dose PTU kinetics in patients would apparently be helpful.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Reduction of isoniazid bioavailability in normal men by concomitant intake of food.

The influence of food intake on the bioavailability of isoniazid (INH) has been examined in nine healthy male volunteers. INH was administered as a single oral dose, both in fasting state and together with a standardized breakfast. Numerous venous blood samples were obtained 5 min-6 hours after the INH ingestion, and the concentrations of unmetabolized INH in serum were assessed by spectrophotometry. The observations indicate that both the peak concentration and the total amount of INH absorbed are greatly reduced when the drug is ingested together with food. Hence it is recommended that, in the treatment of tuberculosis with INH, the drug should be given on an empty stomach. The data may also have some bearing on the use of INH for assessing acetylation rates and estimating dosages of hydralazine and related drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Co-trimoxazole in the long-term treatment of pyelonephritis with normal and impaired renal function.

The effect of co-trimoxazole was studied in 29 cases of acute or chronic pyelonephritis. The therapy produced the desired effect in 22 out of 23 cases and in the 6 cases treated prophylactically. We used a special dosage schedule for the combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in the treatment of patients with normal renal function and with varying degrees of renal impairment. The results show that the plasma concentrations were at satisfactory therapeutic levels, with no accumulation of the three substances and without causing any toxic side effects, even in patients with severe impairment of the renal function. The mean duration of the treatment was 12.3 months. The material is, however, not largelu enough to warrant the recommendation of standardized treatment according to the schedule described, in spite of the favourable experience gained. It does, however, permit us to recommend that the plasma concentrations should be determined, particularly of the total sulphamethoxazole in patients with severely impaired renal function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Effects of long-term treatment with procaine amide. A prospective study with special regard to ANF and SLE in fast and slow acetylators.

During 1970-75 a total of 42 patients have been subjected to long-term treatment with procaine amide (PrA) because of different cardiac arrhythmias and have been observed up to over 5 years. Among these patients 35 (83%) developed a significantly increased titer of ANF and of these, 12 patients (29%) developed a "classical" drug-induced SLE syndrome. In the SLE group all but 2 improved rapidly after cessation of PrA, and the ANF titer decreased continuously but slowly in both groups. Acetylation test with sulphamidine and/or isoniazid in 11 patients among the SLE cases showed 8 slow and 3 fast acetylators. Among 12 patients who also had received PrA for a long time, but had not shown any signs of an SLE syndrome, there were 10 fast and 2 slow acetylators.

Acetylation↗