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Biomedical subjects

A Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to A Hansen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Enuresis nocturna--parents' and therepists' attitudes].

In a questionnaire study concerning voiding habits among seven year-old children starting school the prevalence of enuresis nocturna was 13.4% among girls and 22.2% among boys. For 5.4% of girls and 8.2% of boys the symptom occurred at least once a week. Half of the children had secondary enuresis. Forty-six percent had consulted their doctor about the problem and 44% had received some kind of treatment. Ten percent had tried an alarm bell and 33% had tried desmopressin.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Primary amyloidosis AL as a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy].

In a 71-year-old woman with macroglossia and heart failure, a monoclonal protein (kappa-light chains) was found in the serum. Congestive heart failure was diagnosed on the basis of heart catheterization and echocardiography. The tongue biopsy showed numerous amyloid fibrils, and plasmacytosis was present in the bone marrow. All these findings indicated a restrictive cardiomyopathy as part of a primary systemic amyloidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis and the possible role of contamination by dental equipment.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often suffer from Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection yet the source of this organism is not known. In order to determine whether CF patients might be contaminated with P. aeruginosa from dental equipment, a total of 103 water samples from 25 dental sessions in Frederiksberg Municipal Oral Health Care Service were examined. Three samples (2.9%) were positive for P. aeruginosa. Three hundred and twenty-seven water samples from 82 dental sessions from various other Municipal Oral Health Services in Denmark, attended by CF patients, were also examined. Eighteen of 327 samples (5.5%) from nine sessions (11%) were positive for P. aeruginosa. In one case, genotypically identical (RFLP, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) P. aeruginosa strains were found both in water from the dental equipment and in the CF patients sputum. This indicates a small risk for acquiring P. aeruginosa from dental sessions, which is however equal to the yearly 'natural background' incidence (1-2%) of acquisition of P. aeruginosa in our CF centre.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

Surface expression of the AMPA receptor subunits GluR1, GluR2, and GluR4 in stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells.

The surface expression of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits GluR1, GluR2, and GluR4 was studied in cultures of stably transfected baby hamster kidney (BHK)-570 cells. Two methods were used to quantify surface expression: cross-linking with the membrane-impermeant reagent bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3) and labeling of surface receptors with the membrane-impermeant biotinylating reagent sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate (NHS-ss-biotin) followed by precipitation with neutravidin beads. Western blot analyses of control versus treated cultures revealed that, for all three GluR subunits examined, 25-40% of the total GluR population is located in the plasma membrane of the BHK-570 cells. This finding was corroborated by analyses of the surface expression of [3H]AMPA binding sites in the GluR-expressing BHK-570 cells performed via the biotinylation/precipitation method; these studies revealed that 30-40% of the total binding site population is found in the plasma membrane. Analyses of combinations of the subunits, both GluR1 + GluR2 and GluR2 + GluR4, revealed that heteromeric combinations of the subunits are not trafficked to the surface more efficiently than homomeric receptors. For each of the three subunits, western blots revealed two distinct bands; removal of surface receptors reduced immunoreactivity for the upper band of each subunit by > 90%, whereas immunoreactivity for the lower band was reduced by only 10-20%. Treatment of extracts from the various cell lines with glycopeptidase F resulted in the collapse of the two bands into a single band of lower molecular weight, suggesting that the two original bands represent differentially glycosylated forms of the same polypeptides. These data indicate that the majority of the stably expressed GluR subunits in these cell lines are incompletely glycosylated and that complete glycosylation is associated with trafficking of the GluR subunits to the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ontogeny of the solitary chemosensory cells in the zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Secondary epidermal solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are widespread among the primary aquatic vertebrates. They resemble taste bud sensory cells in fine structure and may be innervated from facial or spinal nerves. According to previous studies, SCCs may constitute a water sampling system in the contexts of predator avoidance, habitat recognition and, in some cases, finding food. By quantitative scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 60 specimens (57 SEM, 3 TEM) of 16 developmental stages, from pre-hatchlings to adults, we describe the ontogenetic development of SCC densities and shapes of sensory apices in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. This is put into perspective with the ontogeny of external taste buds. Just prior to hatching, 3 days after fertilization (3d AF), sensory apices of SCCs penetrate between the squamous epidermal cells, whereas taste bud pores only appear at the onset of exogenous feeding (5d AF). SCC densities increase sharply from hatching shortly after metamorphosis (25d AF) up to 6 x 10(3) per mm2 on the head and remain relatively constant in density thereafter. Conservatively estimated, there may be approximately 3.2 x 10(5) SCCs on the head and 1 x 10(6) SCCs on the entire body surfaces of a zebrafish 180d AF. SCCs are spread evenly, but are 2- to 5-fold higher in density along the head than along the body. Sensory apices are brush-like in hatchlings and early juveniles, but tend to consist of a single villus in the adults. This ontogenetic change of SCC apices parallels the evolutionary change from 'oligovillous' cells in lampreys and elasmobranchs to the 'monovillous' SCCs in the advanced actinopterygian teleosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Urinary tract infection, day wetting and other voiding symptoms in seven- to eight-year-old Danish children.

In this cross-sectional epidemiological questionnaire survey of 7-8-y-old Danish school entrants with focus on voiding habits, 29% were found to have symptoms that could suggest that bladder control was not fully developed. The frequency of day wetting, urgency, emptying difficulties, nocturnal enuresis, nocturia and encopresis, and the median frequency of voidings are presented. Furthermore, the relationship between urinary tract infections, day wetting, encopresis and voiding habits is investigated. There was an association between previous urinary tract infection in girls and current voiding symptoms, suggesting bladder dysfunction as a predisposing factor to infections. In particular, focus should be placed on girls with squatting on urge and/or emptying difficulties.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Cerebrospinal fluid plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: a prognostic factor in posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Intraventricular fibrinolytic enhancement with plasminogen activators is an experimental treatment for posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus, but some infants do not respond. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is detectable in normal or posthaemorrhagic neonatal cerebrospinal fluid and whether higher neonatal cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are associated with failure of fibrinolytic therapy. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 7 controls and 16 infants with posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (15 treated with exogenous fibrinolytic agents) were analysed for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was not detectable in any of the control samples but was detectable in all but one of the posthaemorrhagic samples, and at significantly higher levels in the treatment failures (median 94 ng ml(-1)) than in the treatment successes (median 25 ng ml(-1)). High levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid are predictive of, and provide a plausible biological explanation for, failure of intraventricular fibrinolytic therapy.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1997

Speed, sex, gay men, and HIV: ecological and community perspectives.

Fifteen years into the HIV/AIDS epidemic, a great deal is now known about the different populations impacted by the disease, including those affected directly or indirectly by drug use. Anthropology has played a critical role in assisting with this task by identifying hidden populations, developing new methodological approaches, and targeting outreach efforts. In spite of this considerable body of ethnographic knowledge, men who have sex with other men (i.e., MSM, or gay and bisexual men) who use drugs have not received the same research attention as other drug users, despite the fact that they represent nearly one-fifth of AIDS cases in the U.S. with injection drug histories. In response to the alarming increase in HIV seroprevalence among this population, this ethnographic project provides preliminary data about those who are at dual risk for HIV through both homosexual behavior and injection drug use.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Impact of infecting dose on severity of disease in an outbreak of food-borne Salmonella enteritidis.

We conducted a cross-sectional study 72 h after a private dinner party, at which 33/59 participants (attack rate 56%) became infected with Salmonella enteritidis, phage type 6. All were interviewed and stool samples were obtained from 55 persons (93%). Only 2/33 cases were asymptomatic (6%). The median incubation period was 21 h. 14 of the cases (42%) were admitted to hospital. A significant association was found between infection and 1 of the egg-containing dishes (kabab). Cross-contamination to other dishes was likely. As an indirect measure of infecting dose, all persons were divided into exposure groups according to self-reported amount of consumed kabab, which was associated with risk of becoming ill (p = 0.00002) and the risk of hospitalization (p = 0.0005). Among the symptoms experienced by the patients, only fever was significantly associated with the amount of consumed kabab (p = 0.008). The present data suggest an existence of a dose-effect relationship in infections with S. enteritidis, phage type 6.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effective reduction of infarct volume by gap junction blockade in a rodent model of stroke.

Several lines of evidence indicate that the extent of ischemic injury is not defined immediately after arterial occlusion, but that infarction expands over time. Episodes of spreading depression have been linked to this secondary increase in infarct volume. Tissue bordering the infarction fails to repolarize following spreading depression and is incorporated into the lesion. The result is that ischemic infarctions expand stepwise after each episode of spreading depression. Another line of evidence has demonstrated that gap junction blockers effectively inhibit spreading depression. These observations suggest that traffic of potentially harmful cytosolic messengers between ischemic cells and surrounding nonischemic cells might cause amplification of injury in focal stroke. It is therefore conceivable that minimizing gap junction permeability might reduce final infarct volume. To test this hypothesis, the authors pretreated rats with the gap junction blocker, octanol, before occluding the middle cerebral artery and compared the sizes of the ischemic lesions to those in rats that received the vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide, prior to arterial occlusion. Histopathological analysis was performed 24 hours later. The 12 octanol-treated animals showed a significantly decreased mean infarction volume (80 +/- 16 mm3) compared with the nine control rats (148 +/- 9 mm3). In a separate set of experiments, the frequency of experimentally induced waves of spreading depression was evaluated after octanol treatment. Octanol pretreatment resulted in complete inhibition in two of nine animals, transient inhibition in five, and no inhibition in two. The results indicate that gap junction inhibitors, when not limited by toxicity, have significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute stroke.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Glucose tolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis].

In order to define prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis, we followed 191 unselected patients above two years of age (median 13.6) in a five-year prospective study with annual oral glucose tolerance tests. The prevalence of diabetes increased from 11 to 24% during the study period with an annual age-dependent incidence rate of 4-9%. Diabetes was diagnosed at a median age of 21 years (range 3-40). At diagnosis of diabetes, hyperglycaemia, fasting hyperglycaemia (> or = 7.8 mmol/l), and increased haemoglobin Alc levels (> 6.4) were present in 33%, 16% and 16% of the diabetic patients, respectively. Impaired glucose tolerance implied a higher risk than normal glucose tolerance for the development of diabetes (odds ratio 5.6). In 58% of cases with impaired glucose tolerance, however, glucose tolerance was normalised at the next annual test. Normal glucose tolerance was found in only 37% of the patients at all five tests. Within this group of patients, median fasting and two-hour post-load plasma glucose concentrations and haemoglobin Alc levels increased by 6-8% during five years. Thus, the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in patients with cystic fibrosis is very high and increases with age. Since symptoms of hyperglycaemia and increased fasting plasma glucose and haemoglobin Alc levels are inconstant findings in newly diagnosed diabetic cystic fibrosis patients, we recommend annual oral glucose tolerance tests in all cystic fibrosis patients above the age of 10 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Stable expression of homomeric AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in BHK cells.

cDNAs encoding glutamate receptor glu1, glu2 (Q and R) or glu4 under control of a constitutively active metallothionine promoter, were transfected into baby hamster kidney cells. Following the addition of selection agent, transfectants expressing high levels of glutamate receptor as measured by [3H]alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-isoxalazole-4-propionate (AMPA) binding, were selected for further studies. Using glutamate receptor antibodies, the receptor proteins were visualized in Western blotting as having a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. [3H]AMPA binding to the glutamate receptor expressing cell lines revealed that glu1, glu2 (Q), and glu4 receptors displayed a single site in Scatchard analysis with Kd values of 12, 15.7 and 21 nM, respectively. However, the Ca2+ impermeable variant of the glu2 receptor, glu2 (R) displayed a curvilinear Scatchard plot. Computer resolution suggested the presence of a high and low affinity state (KH = 2.9 nM; KL = 40.7 nM). The pharmacological profile of the [3H]AMPA binding to these recombinant receptors resembled the high affinity [3H]AMPA binding site in rat brain showing high affinity for glutamate, quisqualate, and medium affinity for 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, CNQX; 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, DNQX; and 6-nitro-7-sulphanyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline-2,3,dione, NBQX. Kainate displayed low affinity and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), was inactive in inhibiting specific [3H]AMPA binding. These cell lines will prove to be important tools in the study of glutamate receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Involuntary diurnal urinary incontinence among children--is it curable?].

Thirty-two children aged 5-13 years were treated with urotherapy for daywetting. After treatment and observation for three months 41% became dry, 38% were improved and 16% were unchanged. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Our conclusion is that urotherapy has a place in the treatment of daywetting in children that are well-motivated to cooperate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Study of children with urinary tract infections. Does intravenous urography play any role?].

Ninety children referred to hospital with urinary tract infections (UTI) were investigated by intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasonography (US) and 99m-Tc dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (DMSA). Fifty-eight children also had a micturition cystourethrography performed. In 36 (40%) of the children at least one result was abnormal. In 29 children IVU was abnormal, 10 had abnormal US and 16 had abnormal DMSA. Six of the 58 children had vesicoureteric reflux in eight kidneys. In 16 children IVU was the only examination with an abnormal result, and in ten of these the findings were considered important for treatment or prognosis. In conclusion, IVU is an important supplement to US and DMSA in investigation programs for children with UTI. IVU should be performed in cases of renal scarring or dilatation and in children with recurrent infections.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed1996

Unmeasurable relaxin concentrations in repeated pregnancies after embryo transfer.

Unmeasurable serum relaxin concentrations were found in repeated serum samples taken during two subsequent pregnancies in a woman pregnant after in vitro fertilization in artificial cycles. Despite the absence of relaxin both pregnancies were carried out normally until term except for symptoms of pelvic girdle relaxation. Labour induction was attempted at term as placental insufficiency was suspected. However, the cervical score remained unfavourable and Cesarian section was performed. In the second pregnancy elective Cesarian section was performed due to mild preeclampsia. This case indicates that relaxin may not be important for either suppression of myometrial activity or pelvic girdle relaxation during human pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Subcutaneous crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (immunocytoma)

A case of massive crystal-storing histiocytosis with extensive involvement of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in a 61-year-old caucasian woman with a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (immunocytoma) in transformation to a large cell lymphoma is presented. Paraffin-section immunohistochemistry demonstrated a monoclonal IgM/ kappa immunphenotype of the lymphoma cells and revealed IgM/kappa and, to a lesser extent, IgG/lambda in the crystal-containing histiocytes. Ultrastructurally, the electron dense intracytoplasmic crystals had variables shapes, were occasionally membrane-bound and measured up to 6 microns. The finding are briefly discussed.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1996

Preoperative wound infiltration with bupivacaine reduces early and late opioid requirement after hysterectomy.

We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the early and late analgesic effect of preoperative wound infiltration with bupivacaine 0.25% (40 mL) compared to placebo (NaCl 0.9%, 40 mL) in patients undergoing major surgery. Forty-one patients scheduled for elective hysterectomy during general anesthesia were included. The pain management focused on pain prevention, including preoperative administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and peroperative administration of opioids. Postoperatively patients received buprenorphine and/or acetaminophen on demand. A significant difference between treatments was evident in the 3-day postoperative trial period. With identical pain scores in the two groups, the requested total amount of buprenorphine was greater in the placebo group (2.0 [0-5.1] mg) (median and [range]) than in the bupivacaine group (0.8 [0-2.8] mg) (P < 0.05). The demand for analgesics occurred earlier in those who received placebo (225 min) than in those who received bupivacaine (345 min), but did not reach the level of significance. In conclusion, preoperative wound infiltration with bupivacaine improved immediate and late postoperative pain management after hysterectomy compared to placebo.

Acetaminophen↗