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Biomedical subjects

A Haller

Publications and source records attributed to A Haller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Curing efficiency of different polymerization methods through ceramic restorations.

The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the curing efficiency of three different polymerization methods through ceramic restorations by determination of the depth of cure and the universal hardness of a composite resin luting material. Therefore, 36 ceramic specimens [Empress 2 (Ivoclar), color 300, diameter 4 mm, height 2 mm] were prepared and inserted in steel molds (diameter 4 mm, height 6 mm) using a composite resin luting material [Variolink II (Vivadent)] with and without catalyst. The polymerization through six specimens of each group was done conventionally (40 s), by softstart polymerization (40 s), or by plasma arc curing (10 s). Depth of cure under the ceramic specimens was assessed according to ISO 4049. Additionally, universal hardness was determined at 0.5 and 1.0 mm from the ceramic using a universal testing machine (Zwick 14040). Curing without a catalyst, using conventional and softstart polymerization, resulted in greater hardness in both layers, compared to plasma arc curing. The use of a catalyst always produced a greater hardness and depth of cure with all polymerization methods. Depth of cure was always greater using conventional polymerization and softstart polymerization, compared to plasma arc curing. The curing efficiency of plasma arc curing through ceramic was lower compared to conventional and softstart-polymerization.

Dental Porcelain↗
PubMed2001

[Genital findings in sexually abused prepubertal girls].

Genital findings in sexually abused prepubertal girls. Childhood sexual abuse is defined as the involvement of dependent, developmentally immature children and adolescents in sexual activities that they do not fully comprehend, to which they are unable to give informed consent or that violate the social taboos of family roles. Essential to the diagnosis of sexual abuse is an awareness of the problem and acknowledgement of its manifestations. The evaluation of the sexually abused girl usually is performed in a pediatric and adolescent gynecology outpatient department. Thus, the gynecologist will be part of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem and will need to be competent in the basic skills of history taking, physical examination, selection of laboratory tests und differential diagnosis. Findings secondary to sexual abuse are often subtle. Acute tears or bruisings are rare, because force is seldom part of sexual acts committed against a child. A vaginal opening of greater than 5 mm is not common and may indicate vaginal penetration. An intact hymen not necessarily exclude vaginal intercourse. Lack of physical evidence never rules out abuse because sexual acts may leave no physical findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Localized syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia and anhidrosis.

We describe a female patient with a localized form of syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia and anhidrosis (SLHA). This woman is the eleventh patient with this disease so far reported in the literature. She suffered from a slowly but continuously progressing single lesion on her right ankle. It took 7 years until the diagnosis of SLHA could be established. Many divergent diagnoses were assumed and different treatments were performed during this time. The final diagnosis was established by histopathology revealing syringotropic T-cell infiltrates. Clinical features were scattered brownish papules, which formed a sharply demarcated erythematous patch lacking hairs and sweat production. The progressive course of the disease and the unresponsiveness to treatments support the current view that SLHA is a syringotropic variant of mucinosis follicularis and therefore should be viewed as a facultative precursor lesion of mycosis fungoides. In our patient, during a 7-year follow-up, no T-cell lymphoma occurred. This case emphasizes the difficulties of establishing the diagnosis of SLHA, which requires cooperation between the dermatologist and dermatopathologist.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Conservative management of spontaneous splenic rupture as a complication of infectious mononucleosis: two case reports and literature review].

We report on conservative management of 2 patients with spontaneous splenic rupture associated with infectious mononucleosis. Both patients had an unremarkable hospital course and were discharged within 7 days of admission. Resolution of the haematoma was followed by ultrasound monitoring during the hospital stay. A literature review to 1999 shows that approximately 45 patients with serologically proven infectious mononucleosis have suffered spontaneous rupture of the spleen. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare but potentially fatal complication of infectious mononucleosis. Although splenectomy has been advocated in the past as the definitive therapy, we recommend that non-surgical management be considered in haemodynamically stable patients, to avoid the complications of splenectomy (e.g. post-splenectomy sepsis).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

They were different and few: an Australian study of midwives' attitudes to research and computerised research findings.

This study sought to determine factors influencing the utilisation of research findings by Australian midwives before and after exposure to an on-line research database within their practice setting. The setting was a large maternity hospital in South Australia and data were collected via pre and post intervention questionnaires. 14 midwives from the Delivery Suite and Birth Centre of this hospital participated in the study. Midwives showed an increased receptivity to the concept of computerised research findings after exposure to the database. They rated research as highly important to providing quality midwifery care and for the midwifery profession, and saw midwives as the key players in maternity care research. These findings are not in keeping with previous research--largely accounted for, we believe, by the particular, and small number of, midwives who volunteered to participate in the study (24% of those invited).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Seasonal variation in maxillary antral pseudocysts in a general clinic population.

OBJECTIVES: To determine overall prevalence of maxillary antral pseudocysts and the effect of seasonal variation, allergies, asthma and current smoking status. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1175 dental clinic outpatients were examined. Data on the prevalence of allergies, asthma and smoking status was obtained from the medical records and age- and gender-matched controls. chi-square tests were used to determine the relationship between these factors and seasonal variation in prevalence. RESULTS: Pseudocysts were found in 114 (9.7%) patients. Eleven patients (9.7%) reported a history of environmental allergies, nine (7.9%) were asthmatic and 21 (19.6%) current cigarette smokers. Compared with controls, the association between each of these findings and the presence of pseudocysts was not significant. 44.3% of the pseudocysts were detected in November, December and January compared with only 8.6% in April, May and June: this variation was significant (alpha = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The marked increase in the prevalence of pseudocysts during cold winter months supports the concept that seasonal variation may be related to an increased incidence in viremias or irritation from dry forced air heating during this period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Regulation of gastrin, somatostatin and bombesin release from the isolated rat stomach by exogenous and endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid.

BACKGROUND/AIMS AND METHODS: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is localized in epithelial cells and intrinsic nerve fibers of the gastric mucosa raising the possibility of a regulatory role for this transmitter. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to examine the effect of exogenous and endogenous GABA on the neuroendocrine functions of the isolated perfused rat stomach. RESULTS: Infusion of GABA (10(-8), 10(-6), 10(-4) M) caused a significant increase in gastrin release by 187 +/- 98, 328 +/- 43 and 493 +/- 84 pg/20 min and a significant decrease in somatostatin secretion by -540 +/- 203, -867 +/- 96 and -893 +/- 195 pg/20 min, respectively. Release of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) remained unchanged during infusion of GABA at the concentrations employed. The gastrin and somatostatin responses to 10(-4) M GABA were completely inhibited by the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline (10(-5) M) and the cholinergic blocker atropine(l0(-7) M), whereas the GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 (5 x 10(-5) M) was ineffective. To evaluate the contribution of endogenous GABA in the vagal regulation of gastric neuroendocrine functions, gastrin, somatostatin and BLI responses to electrical stimulation of the vagal nerves were examined in the presence of bicuculline. Vagal stimulation (10 V, 10 Hz, 1 ms) induced a significant inhibition of somatostatin release by - 518 +/- 78 pg/10 min, which was attenuated to -259 +/- 143 pg/10 min (p < 0.05) in the presence of bicuculline. Atropine (10(-7) M) turned vagally induced inhibition of somatostatin release into a stimulation by 928 +/- 266 pg/10 min which was not altered by additionally infused bicuculline. Vagally stimulated gastrin release was reduced from 397 +/- 47 to 217 +/- 72 pg/10 min (p < 0.05) by bicuculline, while atropine had no effect. Vagally induced BLI release was not altered by bicuculline and atropine. Since the effect of bicuculline on vagally induced gastrin release was independent of cholinergic mechanisms, a potential direct effect of GABA on gastrin release was examined in isolated rabbit antral G cells. In this preparation carbachol (10(-4) M) and neuromedin C (10(-9) M) significantly stimulated gastrin release from 2.6 +/- 0.4 to 4.9 +/- 0.3 and 8.5 +/- 0.9% of the total cellular content, respectively, while GABA (10(-10)-10(-3) M) changed neither basal nor carbachol- and neuromedin C-stimulated gastrin release. CONCLUSION: The present data confirm that exogenous GABA stimulates gastrin release and inhibits somatostatin release from the isolated rat stomach via GABA(A) receptors by activating cholinergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, it was shown for the first time that endogenous GABA contributes to the vagal regulation of gastrin and somatostatin release from the rat stomach. Inhibition of somatostatin secretion by endogenous GABA is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms, whereas stimulation of gastrin release is mediated by pathways unrelated to the cholinergic system and bombesin peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Severe respiratory insufficiency complicating Epstein-Barr virus infection: case report and review.

We report a case involving a young adult who had life-threatening bilateral pneumonitis in the course of an acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Because of severe hypoxemia, the patient required mechanical ventilation and additional oxygenation by an intravascular oxygenator. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and survived without sequelae. Severe pulmonary involvement associated with EBV infection is a rare but potentially fatal complication of infectious mononucleosis. Similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed, and the therapeutic options for this particular complication are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

ArF-excimer laser-induced secondary radiation in photoablation of biological tissue.

Secondary radiation, emitted during and after the irradiation of corneal, dermal, and dental tissue by an ArF-excimer laser (193 nm), was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized. Emission of secondary radiation was found in the range of 200-800 nm. The intensity of secondary radiation in the range of 200-315 nm (UVC and UVB) is approximately 20% of the total intensity at high laser fluences (> 2 J/cm2), and approximately 50% at moderate laser fluences (< 500 mJ/cm2); 10 muJ/cm2 in the UVC and UVB were measured at the sample surface, at fluences (< 1J/cm2) which are of relevance for clinical procedures on soft tissues. In dental tissue processing, very high fluences (> 5 J/cm2) are required. As a consequence, laser-induced plasma formation can be observed. Secondary radiation can be used as a visible guide for selective removal of carious altered tissue. The data we have found might be of assistance in estimating potential hazards for future mutagenic studies in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The retinal irradiance and spectral properties of the multiport illumination system for vitreous surgery.

The multiport illumination system was developed as a fiberoptically illuminated pars plana cannula system for vitreous surgery. The retinal irradiance of the multiport illumination system and several other commonly used endoilluminators (light pipes) measured at 5 mm are comparable, ranging from 94 to 256 mW/cm2. In the actual surgical setting, however, the retinal irradiance of the multiport illumination system is far less (56 mW/cm2) because the end of the fiberoptic cables are fixated in the pars plana 16.5 mm away from the retinal surface. A reduction in the maximal intensity (100%) to 50% reduces the retinal irradiance by approximately two thirds to 3.7 mW/cm2. The light emitted by the multiport illumination system used in conjunction with a long-wave pass filter with a cutoff wavelength of 420 nm reduces the amount of short-wavelength light by one third to about 4% of the overall irradiance.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in pharmacokinetics of trimecaine in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Trimecaine (Mesocain, Léciva) an analogous preparation to lidocaine is used as a local anaesthetic, antiarrhythmic and spasmolytic preparation. The purpose of the investigation was to assess the fate of trimecaine in nine patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver. The pharmacokinetics were evaluated after intravenous infusion of trimecaine administered at a rate of 150-200 mg.h-1. Plasma concentrations of the drug evaluated by gas chromatography indicate a marked retardation of trimecaine elimination in patients with liver damage. In the group of patients with cirrhosis of the liver the total clearance of the drug was lower (8.7 +/- 5.0 1.h-1), as compared with the group of patients without liver damage (34.7 +/- 19.4 1.h-1). In patients with cirrhosis of the liver also a multiple reduction of distribution volumes was observed. The results indicate a high hepatic extraction of

Humans↗
PubMed1980

A physiologic assessment of segmental bronchial atresia.

A child with congenital atresia of the apical posterior bronchus was followed from birth. The obstructed segment, ventilated through collateral pathways, was documented to be aerated by day 6. At 10 yr of age, the anomalous and adjacent normal segments were resected because of respiratory symptoms. Preoperatively, pulmonary function studies showed a mild obstructive ventilatory defect. Postoperatively, although asymptomatic, the patient's obstruction persisted. Collateral resistance (Rcoll) measured between the atretic and adjacent normal segments of the resected lung was comparable to Rcoll in young adults, but markedly greater than Rcoll for emphysematous lungs. Pathologic examination revealed gross emphysematous changes in the anomalous segment. We conclude that collateral pathways exist early in life and that ventilation of lung distal to congenitally absent airways is slow and may contribute to the development of emphysema; we speculate that this lesion should be resected early in life to permit optimal growth and development of the remaining lung.

Airway Resistance↗